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Chapter 05 Instructor’s Manual Resources
Study Questions
Factual
1. What, according to Vitruvius, is the basis for architectural design?
2. Define these terms and give examples (from figures in this chapter): “humanism,” “realism,”
“idealism.”
3. Why did Greek artists depict the human figure in the nude?
4. How does the Parthenon exemplify the Classical style?
5. What are the basic characteristics of Sappho’s poetry?
6. Into what parts of the world did Alexander carry the Classical style?
7. Describe in your own words: Skepticism, Stoicism, Epicureanism.
8. What figures in the sciences graced the Hellenistic era?
9. Describe the differences between Classical and Hellenistic sculpture. What is carried over
from Classicism to the Hellenistic period?
Challenge
1. Making reference to works of art illustrated in this chapter, give specific examples of
symmetry, geometric clarity, and proportion in Classical art.
2. Compare Greek statues of the female nude to earlier examples of women in ancient society.
What is similar; what is different?
3. What features in the female nude did Greek sculptors find attractive? Are the breasts large or
small; the hips wide or narrow? Can you draw any associations between the form of the nude
and the roles women might have played in society?
4. Apply this statement to selected figures in the text: “In the development of the Classical
style, the Greek quest for fidelity to nature was balanced by a tendency to idealize.” How,
specifically, did the Greeks idealize nature?
5. Pericles (Chapter 4) says of Athenian achievements, “There are mighty monuments of our
power which will make us the wonder of this and succeeding ages.” In what ways might the
Parthenon fit this description? Might the temple also be described as a victory monument?
6. Explain how the subject matter of the Parthenon sculpture illustrates the major concerns and
values of Athens in the time of Pericles.
7. Evaluate the Greek “doctrine of ethos”; do you think music influences human conduct? Do
certain kinds of music generate distinct kinds of behavior or feelings? Relate these
considerations to current efforts to monitor and censor some styles of popular music.
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8. Examine the sexual dimension of Sappho’s poetry; are these lyrics explicitly about one
gender or another?
9. Find examples of Neoclassical architecture in your community. In light of the fact that the
originals would have been temples to Greek gods, what impact do you think this style was
intended to have on our own life?
10. Put into your own words a description or definition of the word classic and the term
Classical style.
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Boone spent his time in farming, working at the forge, and
hunting; but he liked hunting best, and was never so happy as in the
thick forest alone with his gun. He often went on long hunting trips,
returning with bear’s meat, venison, bear’s oil, and furs, the last to
be sold for other things needed at home.
John Sevier, too, had more honors than those of a noble soldier.
In front of the courthouse at Knoxville is a plain stone monument
raised in his memory (Fig. 64), and down a side street is an old
dwelling, said to be an early statehouse of the commonwealth which
is still associated with his name. In 1785 the state of “Franklin” was
organized and named in honor of the illustrious Benjamin; but North
Carolina, being heartily opposed to the whole proceeding, put an end
to it without delay. Sevier, as governor of the would-be state, was
imprisoned, but escaped, to the delight of his own people, who were
always loyal to him. They sent him to Congress in a few years and in
1796 made him the first governor of Tennessee. He enjoyed many
honors until his death in 1815, which came soon after that of his
more quiet friend, James Robertson. Both of these wilderness men
had much to do with planting the American flag between the
Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi river.
CHAPTER XIV
CITIES OF THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS