Design of Earthquake Resistance

Steel Frame
Session 4
Dynamic Analysis of Earth Quake Resistance Steel Frame

Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 1

 Seismic Load Standard

2 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 2

 Lateral Load: earth quake

• Dinamic analisis :

1. The Earth Quake force actually the force due to GRUND

VIBRATION
2. The vibration parameter that use for anlaysis is the
ground’s ACCELERATION
3. A dinamic analysis : more accurated and complicated Not
practically used for implementation, but it a must for high
rise building (more than 3 stories) or irreguar building

3 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Dyinamic Vibration = Response Spectra Graphic

Acceleration (g)

Period(sec)

Filtering
Actual response spectra
Acceleration (g)

Simplified response spectra

Time (sec)
Actual Vibration

4 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 4

 Reponse Spectra Puskim.go.id

Response Spectra Parameter

SDS
SD1
T0
T1

5 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 How to input Response Spectra Graph into SAP 2000?
T (detik) Sa (g)
0 .......
0,05 ....... 𝑇
𝑆𝑎 = 𝑆𝐷𝑆 0,4 + 0,6
𝑇0
0,1 .......
T0 .......
𝑆𝑎 = 𝑆𝐷𝑆
Ts .......
Trtasnfer to Ts+0,1 .......
Ts+0,2 .....
Ts+0,3 .....
𝑇 Ts+0,4 ...... 𝑆𝐷1
𝑆𝑎 = 𝑆𝐷𝑆 0,4 + 0,6 𝑆𝑎 =
𝑇0 Ts+0,5 ...... 𝑇
Ts+0,6 .......
Ts+0,7 ......
Dst...... .......

6 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 6

 How to input Response Spectra Graph into SAP 2000?
1. CONVERT the spectrum data from Ms. Excel to .txt
T (detik) Sa (g)
0 .......
0,05 .......
0,1 .......
T0 ....... Trtasnfer to
Ts .......
Ts+0,1 .......
Dst...... .......

2. Input the spectrum data to SAP 2000:

DEFINE  FUNCTION RESPONSE SPECTRUM Add New Function from
file Browse...

7 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 7

 Define Design Seismic Category
Kategori
Desain
Seismik

R, Ω0 ,
dan Cd

Kategori Resiko Kategori Resiko

Nilai SD𝟏 Nilai SDS
I atau II atau III IV I atau II atau III IV
SD1 < 0.067 A A SDS < 0.167 A A
0.067 < SD1 < 1.33 B C 0.167 < SDS < 0.33 B C
1.33 < SD1 < 0.20 C D 0.33 < SDS < 0.5 C D
0.20 ≤ SD1 D D 0.5 ≤ SDS D D
8 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 8
 Determine Seismic Struture type

Kategori Tingkat Resiko Kegempaan

Desain Peraturan
Rendah Menengah Tinggi
Seismik
RSNI 03-1726-2012 KDS A, B KDS C KDS D, E, F
R, Ω0 ,
dan Cd
SPRMB / M / K SPRMM / K SPRMK

9 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 9

Determine Response Spectrum Scale
R, Ω0 , Koefisien Faktor Faktor
dan Cd modifikas kuat- pembesar
i respons lebih an defleksi
Sistem penahan-gaya seismik
sistem
Geser Dasar R Ω0 Cd
Rangka Baja Pemikul Momen Khusus 8 3 5.5
Rangka Baja pemikul momen 4,5 3 4
menengah
Rangka Baja pemikul momen biasa 3,5 3 3

𝐼
Response sepctrum Scale = × 9,81 m/dt2
𝑅

10 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Determine Response Spectrum Scale
Determine building risk Category base on Chapteer 4.2 Table 1 SNI 1726:2012 so the
importance factor (I) is defined as follows:

RISK CATEGORY IMPORTANCE FACTOR (I)

I and II 1,0
III 1,25
IV 1,5
Source: SNI 1726:2012

𝐼
Response sepctrum Scale = × 9,81 m/dt2
𝑅

11 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 How Define Response Spectrume Analysis on SAP 2000?

1. Define Load Case Add New Case

2. Change into response spectrume
𝐼
3. Input Response Spectrume Scale = ×
2
𝑅
9,81 m/s

12 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 How to Define Dynamic Analysis on SAP 2000?
1. Define Load Case Modal
Modify/Show Load case
2. Set to “Ritz Vectors”
3. Target dynamic participation ratio 90%
UX and UY (SNI 1726:2012 Chpt: 7.9.1)
4. Set number maximum of modes (by
deafult it will be 12)

13 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 How to Define Source of the Mass for Dynamic Analisis
on SAP 2000?

• Mass Source of building are

form All the Dead Load
• Define Mass Source
from load  add

Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 14

 Define Shear Building Mode for Dynamic Analysis
• Due to the used of Steel Slab for Floor system, the frame motion become a
shear building mode
• The Floor make the coloum move together lateraly (have equal lateral
displacement), so the floor works as diaphragma

Sangat kaku

Besar Goyangan
kolom sama

Shear Building mode

15 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 How to Define Shear building Mode on SAP 2000?

• Select all Joint in building model

• Assign jointConstrains Diaphragm add new
constrains
– Check Z aixs
– Check “ Assign a different diaphragm constrain to each
different Z level”

16 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Run Dynamic Analysis on SAP 2000
The Checklist of Dynamic Analysis:

 Response spectrum input into SAP 2000

 Response Spectrum scaled by I/R ×9,81 m/s2
 Number of mode and participating ratio setup on Modal Analysis
 Define the building mass Source
 Define the Builidng shear mode Analysis (by define Diapraghm)

After all set up done run Analysis

17 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Run Dynamic Analysis on SAP 2000

• AnalyzeRun Analysis Run Dead+Modal+Ex+Ey

18 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Control The Dynamic Analysis Result

After make A Dynamic Analysis on SAP 2000, the Result must be

check as follows:

The Dynamic Base shear Force ≥ 85% Static Eqivalent Base

Shear Force (SNI 1726:2012 Ch: 7.9.4.1)
(Vdynamic) ≥ 85% (VStatic)
The total patricipating mode must be ≥ 90% (SNI 1726:2012 Ch:
7.9.1)

19 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

Static Base shear (VStatic ) : 1. determine natural periode of mode 1
Kategori Tipe Struktur C𝐭 x
Desain
Seismik Sistem rangka pemikul momen dimana rangka memikul 100% gaya
gempa yang disyaratkan dan tidak melingkupi atau dihubungkan
R, Ω0 , dengan komponen yang lebih kaku dan akan mencegah rangka dari
dan Cd defleksi jika dikenai gaya gempa:
Rangka Baja Pemikul Momen 0.0724 0.8
Rangka Beton Pemikul Momen 0.0466 0.9
Rangka Baja Dengan Bresing Eksentris 0.0731 0.75
Rangka Baja Dengan Bresing Antitekuk 0.0731 0.75
Semua sistem struktur lainnya 0.0731 0.75

Ta = Ct × hn x Ta = Aproximity Natural Period of building

hn = Structure heigth (m)

20 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 20

Determine Natural Period of Mode 1

Ta = Ct × hn x

Ta = Aproximity Natural Period of building

hn = Structure heigth (m)

21 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 21

 Natural Period of Mode 1 on SAP 2000

Display Show Deformed Shape Modal  mode number : 1

Tc

Result

22 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 22

 Calculated Vstatic
Basic formula of shear base:
𝐼 𝐼
Geser Dasar V = S × ×W  S × = Cs
𝑅 𝑅
S = acceleration (g)
Distribusi
w = building Weigth
gaya I = importance factor of building
Gempa R = Reduction factor (Respose modification)

Tc

23 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 V

24 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Control Vdynamic ≥ 85% VStatic
DISPLAY SHOW TABLEANALYSIS RESULT  STRUCTURE OUTPUT  BASE REACTION

CONTROL THE BASE RECTION

- Global X
- Global Y

The Rules
Global X ≥ 0,85 V statik
Global Y ≥ 0,85 V statik

If the result:
Global X < 0,85 V statik
Global Y < 0,85 V statik

Corect the Response Spectrum Scale Factor

25 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Control Vdynamic ≥ 85% VStatic
The Rules
Global X ≥ 0,85 V statik
Global Y ≥ 0,85 V statik

If the result:
Global X < 0,85 V statik
Global Y < 0,85 V statik

Corect the Response Spectrum Scale Factor by:

𝐼 0,85𝑉𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐
× 9,81 ×
𝑅 𝑉𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐

(go to slide: 12!)

26 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Control Mass Participation Ratio
DISPLAY SHOW TABLEANALYSIS RESULT 
STRUCTURE OUTPUT  MODAL
INFORMATION MASS PARTICIPATING RATIO

The Rules:
Both of “Sum UX” and “Sum UY” > 0,9

If the “sum UX” and “sum UY” < 0,9 then

The number of modes must be increased
Until the “sum UX” and “sum UY” > 0,9

27 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Control Mass Participation Ratio

The Rules:
Both of “Sum UX” and “Sum UY” > 0,9

If the “sum UX” and “sum UY” < 0,9 then

The number of modes must be increased
Until the “sum UX” and “sum UY” > 0,9

Go to slide:13 to change number of

mode

28 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame