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    Russian formalism was a literary theory that emerged in Russia around 1915 that focused on analyzing the form and structure of literary works. It emphasized studying the formal elements of works rather than their cultural or historical context. There were two main types - Russian formalism, which analyzed a work's form and devices, and New Criticism which focused on close reading of the text alone. Russian formalism viewed literature as a system with various formal devices and saw meaning coming from the words in the text itself rather than external contexts. Key figures who developed ideas in Russian formalism included Viktor Shklovsky and Roman Jakobson.

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    Russian formalism was a literary theory that emerged in Russia around 1915 that focused on analyzing the form and structure of literary works. It emphasized studying the formal elements of works rather than their cultural or historical context. There were two main types - Russian formalism, which analyzed a work's form and devices, and New Criticism which focused on close reading of the text alone. Russian formalism viewed literature as a system with various formal devices and saw meaning coming from the words in the text itself rather than external contexts. Key figures who developed ideas in Russian formalism included Viktor Shklovsky and Roman Jakobson.

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    2 views6 pages

    Russian Formalism by Aiman Baloch and Tehseen Saeed-1

    Uploaded by

    Baqir Ali
    Russian formalism was a literary theory that emerged in Russia around 1915 that focused on analyzing the form and structure of literary works. It emphasized studying the formal elements of works rather than their cultural or historical context. There were two main types - Russian formalism, which analyzed a work's form and devices, and New Criticism which focused on close reading of the text alone. Russian formalism viewed literature as a system with various formal devices and saw meaning coming from the words in the text itself rather than external contexts. Key figures who developed ideas in Russian formalism included Viktor Shklovsky and Roman Jakobson.

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    of 6

    RUSSIAN FORMALISM

    FILE COMPILER

    AIMAN BALOCH
    1
    RUSSIAN FORMALISM CRITICISM III

    CONTRIBUTERS

    TEHSEEN SAEED
    HAJRA BIBI
    MUNEEBA ASLAM
    FATIMA ALI
    AIMAN BALOCH

    
    Tehseen Saeed & Aiman Baloch
    2
    RUSSIAN FORMALISM CRITICISM III

    Russian formalism
    Form mean structure and ism represents movement .Combination of two
    words indicate that a literary theory in which we talk about form and
    structure .
    A school of literary theory and analysis that emerged in Russia around 1915. It is
    the study of literariness i.e. is the sum of devices that distinguishes literary
    language from ordinary language

    Types of Formalism

    There are two types of formalism

     Russian formalism
     New criticism

    RUSSIAN FORMALISM NEW CRITICISM

     Russian formalism debunks  It focuses on close reading of text


    the content and context of . It emphasizes text and neglects
    text and emphasizes form context
    and structure  Its main focus is on text and it
     Its main focus is on neglects writers background and
    literariness that is sum of context in which text was
    devices produced

    Two main principals of russian formalism

    1)A literary text in sense has fixed meaning .


    2)The greatest literary texts are timeless and universal

    Groups in russian formalism

    Tehseen Saeed & Aiman Baloch


    1
    RUSSIAN FORMALISM CRITICISM III

     Moscow linguistics circle


    1915 led by R.Jacobson
     Opayaz was led by Viktor Shklovsky

    Characteristics of Russian formalism

     Focuses on literary works formal elements


     Analysis of Grammer ,words choices and syntax
     Disregards to cultural or historical influences
    Ideas of Russian formalism

    Russian formalism is distinctive for its emphasis on the functional role of


    literary devices
    Russian formalists advocates a scientific method for studying poetic
    language

    Phasis of Russian formalism

    There were three distinct phases in the development of Russian formalism


    The first phase regarded literature as a kind of machine with various
    devices and functioning parts
    Second phase considered it to be more likely as an organism
    Third phase saw literary text as system
    VIKTOR SHKLOVSKY
    Viktor shklovsky gave the concept of HABITUALISATION in his essay Art
    As Technique published in 1917
    Habitualisation
    Habitualisation refers to the fact that we become familiar with things , we no longer
    perceive them ,as perception becomes habitual ,it becomes automatic .

    Tehseen Saeed & Aiman Baloch


    2
    RUSSIAN FORMALISM CRITICISM III

    According to viktor shklovsky


    The purpose of art is to impart the sensation of things as they are perceived and not
    As they are known .
    He then gave the concept of defamiliarization

    Defamiliarization

    Defamiliarization was proposed by Viktor Shklovsky in his ART AS


    TECHNIQUE
    It refers to the literary device where language is used in such a way that
    ordinary and familiar objects are made to look different

    FABULA Syuzhet

    The meaning of fabula is story .it Syuzhet is a plot of story . it is the


    is the raw material of story .it way in which story is organized
    refers to the chronological .Syuzhet is a literary device that
    sequence of events writer uses to transform story into
    plot .

    Roman Jakobson

    Roman jakobson was the leader of Moscow linguistics circle .He formulated
    the concept of literariness ( a quality that makes a verbal message a work
    of art .
    He developed revolutionary new techniques for the analysis of linguistic
    sound system .
    Jakobson model of function of language distinguishes six factors of
    communication

    Tehseen Saeed & Aiman Baloch


    1
    RUSSIAN FORMALISM CRITICISM III

     Context
     Addressor
     Addressee
     Contact
     Common code
     Message

    Sources of meaning

    According to Russian Formalism,there are two sources of meaning


    1)Words on page

    2)Contextual meaning
    Words on page mean close reading ,wherease contextual meaning is the
    meaning derived from background
    According to Russian formalists
    Form and words on page are the sources of meaning

    Conclusion
    Russian formalism advocates scientific methods for studying poetic
    language to the exclusion of traditional cultural and historical
    approaches

    Regards

    Aiman Baloch
    Tehseen Saeed
    Tehseen Saeed & Aiman Baloch

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