SS2 Further Maths 2ND Term E-Note

©Deeper Life High School.
2023
www.deeperlifehighschool.org …leadership with distinction
SCHEME OF WORK
WEEKS TOPICS CONTENT

DIFFERENTIATION 1 (a) Limits of a Function
1
(b) Differentiation from First Principle
(c) Differentiation of Polynomials
DIFFERENTIATION 2
2 (a) Differentiation of Transcendental Functions such as Sin
x,eax log 3x.
(b) Rules of Differentiation: Product rule, Quotient rule,

Function of function.
(c) Higher Derivative
DIFFERENTIATION 3
(a) Application of Differentiation
3
(b) Differentiation of Implicit Function
DYNAMICS 1
(a) Newton’s Laws of Motion
4
(b) Motion along Inclined Plane.
(c) Motion of Connected Particles
DYNAMICS 2 (a) Work, Power and Energy: Impulse and momentum.

(b) Projectiles: Trajectory of projectiles; greatest height
5 reached; Time of flight; Range and Projection along inclined
plane.
TRIGONOMETRIC (a) Knowledge of Six Trigonometric Functions of Angles of

FUNCTION 1 any Magnitude.
6
(b) Range and Domain of Specified Trigonometry.
(c) Graphs of Trigonometric Ratios with Emphasis on their
Amplitude and Periodicity
(d) Relationship between Graphs of Trig.

7 MID-TERM BREAK
TRIGONOMETRIC 1. Solution of simple equation involving
8 FUNCTION II trigonometric functions
2. Proofs of simple trigonometric identities
3. Trigonometric ratios of compound angles
LOGICAL REASONING
(a) Intelligent System
9
(b) Introduction to Propositional and Predicate Logical
Resolution
(c) Introduction to Theorem Proving.
10
11
12
13

WEEK: ONE (1)
TOPIC: DIFFERENTIATION 1
CONTENTS
(a) Limits of a Function
(b) Differentiation from First Principle
(c) Differentiation of Polynomials
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
Students should be able to:
1. Solve problem on limit of a function;

2. Differentiate from the first principle;
3. Differentiate polynomial function.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Students are familiar with linear, quadratic and cubic equation.
SUB-TOPIC 1: LIMITS OF A FUNCTION
A function is a value that describes how a value of the variable 𝑥 is maniplutated to generate a value of an
equation 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). other symbols that can be used for functions includes ∅(𝑥), 𝐹(𝑥), 𝑒. 𝑡. 𝑐. Note that all
functions are rules but not all rules are functions.
Example:
1
Let y= 1 − 𝑥, where 𝑥 can take non – negative (real values). Now let use power of 10 for 𝑥 to find the value of
9 9
𝑦. when 𝑥 = 10, 𝑦 = 10 ; 𝑥 = 100; 𝑦 = 100 , …
From the above, you observe that, as 𝑥 becomes very large, the value of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) gets very close to 1.
1
Hence, lim (1 + 𝑥) = 1
𝑥→∞

There are functions that their limit does not exist.
Example:
1
lim(𝑥−4). The limit of this function does not exist, since division by zero is impossible.
𝑥→4
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. Calculate lim[√(2𝑥 − 6)] and lim[√(2𝑥 + 6)] . Hence, conclude on the two.
𝑥→5 𝑥→5
1
2. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1, calculate 𝑎. 𝑓(0) 𝑏. 𝑓(1) 𝑐. 𝑓(−2)
3. Define a function. (b). justify the statement: “All functions are rules but all rules are not functions”
SUB-TOPIC 2: DIFFERENTIATION FROM FIRST PRINCIPLE
This is the derivative of a function from the point of limiting value of a function. The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) is
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 Δ𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝛿𝑦
defined as: lim , if the limit exists. Other notation for derivative is 𝑑𝑥 , Δ𝑥 , 𝜕𝑥 , 𝛿𝑥 , 𝑦 ′ , …
ℎ→0 ℎ
Note that, the change that take place in 𝑥 as (𝑥 + Δ𝑥) 𝑂𝑅 (𝑥 + ℎ) produces a corresponing change in
𝑦 𝑎𝑠 (𝑦 + Δ𝑦) 𝑂𝑅 (𝑦 + ℎ)
Example:
1. Find from first principle, the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥2+q, where 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞are constants.
Solution:
Let the change in 𝑥 = Δ𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑦 = Δ𝑦.
𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥2+q
y + Δ𝑦 = 𝑝[(𝑥 + Δ𝑥)2+𝑞]
y + Δ𝑦 = 𝑝[𝑥2+2𝑥Δ𝑥 + (Δ𝑥)2]+𝑞.
y + Δ𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥2+2𝑝𝑥Δ𝑥 + 𝑝(Δ𝑥)2+𝑞.
Δ𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥 2+2𝑝𝑥Δ𝑥 + 𝑝(Δ𝑥)2]+𝑞 − 𝑦
Δ𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥 2+2𝑝𝑥Δ𝑥 + 𝑝(Δ𝑥)2+𝑞 − (𝑝𝑥2+q)
Δ𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥 2+2𝑝𝑥Δ𝑥 + 𝑝(Δ𝑥)2+𝑞 − 𝑝𝑥2−q
Δ𝑦 = 2𝑝𝑥Δ𝑥 + 𝑝(Δ𝑥)2
Δ𝑦 Δ𝑥(2𝑝𝑥 + Δ𝑥)
=
Δ𝑥 Δ𝑥
Δ𝑦 Δ𝑦
= 2𝑝𝑥 + 𝑝Δ𝑥. lim = 2𝑝𝑥 + 𝑝Δ𝑥
Δ𝑥 Δ𝑥→0 Δ𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴
= 2𝑝𝑥.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Hence, the general derivative of a given function is denoted as 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).
2. Find the derivative of 4𝑥 2−2 using first principle.
Solution:
Let the change in 𝑥 = Δ𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 + Δ𝑥) = 4[(𝑥 + Δ𝑥)2]−2 − (4𝑥2−2)
𝑓(𝑥 + Δ𝑥) = 4[𝑥2+2𝑥Δ𝑥 + (Δ𝑥)2]−2 − (4𝑥2−2)
𝑓(𝑥 + Δ𝑥) = 4𝑥 2+8𝑥Δ𝑥 + 4(Δ𝑥)2]−2 − 4𝑥 2+2
𝑓(𝑥 + Δ𝑥) = 8𝑥Δ𝑥 + 4(Δ𝑥)2
𝑓(𝑥 + Δ𝑥) Δ𝑥(8𝑥 + 4Δ𝑥)
=
Δ𝑥 Δ𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥 + Δ𝑥) = 8𝑥.
Δ𝑥→0
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 8𝑥.
𝑑𝑥
Note:
The derivative of any constant is zero.
𝑑𝑦
The derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥n is 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 n - 1
In conclusion, the following steps are important in finding derivative using first principle.
1. Find 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) 𝑂𝑅 𝑓(𝑥 + Δ𝑥).
2. Find 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
3. Find ℎ
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
4. Find lim 𝐿𝑖𝑚 if it exists.
ℎ→0 ℎ
Examples:
1. Find the derivative of each of the following
a. 𝑦 = −4𝑥5
2
b. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥3
c. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 1/3
SOLUTIONS:
𝑑𝑦
a. 𝑦 = −4𝑥5 ⇒ = −4.5𝑥5 – 1 = −20𝑥4
𝑑𝑥
2 𝑑𝑦
b. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥3 ⇒ = −2𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 5
c. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 1/3 ⇒ = 3 𝑥2/3
𝑑𝑥
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥 – 2 using first principle.

2. Find from first principle
a. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2+5𝑥 − 3. b. 𝑎𝑥2+𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 𝑦.
Show that the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥 n is 𝑛𝑥 n – 1

3. Find the derivative of the following functions:
a. 𝑦 = 𝑥-7 b. 𝑦 = 𝑥1/2 c. 𝑦 = 1/𝑥 4

SUB-TOPIC 3: DIFFERENTIATION OF POLYNOMIALS
To differentiate a polynomial, we differentiate term by term.

Example:
1. Differentiate 𝑦 = 𝑥4+5𝑥3−4𝑥2+7𝑥 − 2.
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= ( 𝑥4+5𝑥3−4𝑥2+7𝑥 − 2) = 4𝑥 3+15𝑥 2−8𝑥 + 7.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. If 𝑦 = 2𝑥 5+4𝑥4−𝑥3+3𝑥2−5𝑥 + 7.
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥5+4𝑥4−𝑥3+3𝑥2−5𝑥 + 7) = 10𝑥 4+16𝑥 3−3𝑥2+6𝑥 − 5
𝑑𝑥
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. If 𝑦 = 2𝑥 4−3𝑥3−4𝑥2−7𝑥 + 7, differentiate term by term

2. If 𝑦 = 2𝑥 8−3𝑥6−8𝑥2+9𝑥 + 10, differentiate term by term
CONCLUSION
TOPICAL TEST
Objectives:
1. Another name of differentiation is (a) gradient (b) function (c) reverse.
2. The derivative of y = 4x + 3 is? (a)12 (b) 7 (c) 4.
3. Evaluate lim(𝑥 2 + 9). (a)7 (b)-27 (c) 18.
𝑥→3
Essay:
1
1. Find from first principle, the derivative, with respect to 𝑥 of 2𝑥 2+ 𝑥.
2. By first principle 5𝑥 − 𝑥/𝑥 2
3. If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦 + Δy = f(x + Δx)
4. Define function.
5. Differentiate with respect to x; 𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 5.
𝒙𝟐 +𝟓𝒙+𝟗
6. Evaluate: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝒙+𝟏𝟓
𝒙→𝟎
𝟑𝒙𝟑 +𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏
7. Evaluate: 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→∞ 𝒙𝟑 −𝟐𝒙+𝟓
ASSIGNMENT
1. Evaluate lim(4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2).
𝑥→1
2. Examine𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 8 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = −1.
𝑑
3. Find 𝑑𝑥 {18𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6}
4. Find from the first principle, the derivative of 4𝑥 2 − 2.
5. If 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 4), 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).

GLOSSARY OF TERMS / KEY WORDS / VOCABULARY:
 LIMIT
 CONTINUITY
 FUNCTION
 DERIVATIVE
 DIFFERENTIATION
 FIRST PRINCIPLE
 WITH RESPECT TO
 POLYNOMIALS
 GRADIENT
PUZZLES / BRAIN TEASER:
INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES:
If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is play; and z is keeping your
mouth shut……………….. Albert Einstein

WEEK: TWO (2)
CONTENT
(a) Differentiation of Transcendental Functions such as Sin x,eax log 3x.
(b) Rules of Differentiation: Product rule, Quotient rule, Function of function.
(c) Higher Derivative

LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Differentiate trigonometric functions;

2. Apply rules of differentiation;
3. Differentiate higher derivatives.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Learners have learnt derivatives of polynomial.
SUB-TOPIC 1: DIFFERENTIATION OF TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS
The following are called transcendental functions and their derivatives are called identities:
𝑑𝑦
1. Derivative of sin𝑥: If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 then, = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. Derivative of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥: if 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, then = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
3. Derivative of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥: if 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, then, = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥. Recall that 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
4. Derivative of sec𝑥: if 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥, then 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑂𝑅 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. Recall that sec𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
5. Derivative of cosec𝑥: if 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
6. The derivative of 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥: 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥. Recall that 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Examples:
1. Differentiate 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2. If 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, then 𝑦 = 𝑢2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑢; = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. ⇒ = . = 2𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. ∴ = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. Differentiate the following with respect to 𝑥.
a. 3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 b. 𝑥2/𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 c. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
Solution:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
a. (3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 = −3𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 3(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥).
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
b. 𝑥2/𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥2/𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) = [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥2)−𝑥2 𝑥2𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥] ÷ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2.
𝑑 𝑑
c. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑥 +
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥) ∴ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥)
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
𝑑𝑦 1
Given that 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔e 𝑥 then, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
Examples:
Find the derivative with respect to 𝑥 of each of the following:
1
a. 𝑙𝑜𝑔a√1 + 𝑥. b. 𝑙𝑜𝑔10(𝑥2 −2) c. 𝑙𝑜𝑔e 𝑥
Solution:
a. 𝑙𝑜𝑔a√1 + 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔a(√1 + 𝑥)½

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = √1 + 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔a 𝑙𝑜𝑔a𝑢.
𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔ae. 2√(1+𝑥) = 2(1+𝑥) 𝑙𝑜𝑔ae
𝑑𝑥 𝑢
b. 𝑙𝑜𝑔10(𝑥2 −2): let u = (𝑥2 −2) and 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10u.

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 1
= 𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑔e10; 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢 . 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 . 2𝑥 = 2𝑥/(𝑥2 −2)𝑙𝑜𝑔10e
𝑑𝑢
1 1
c. 𝑙𝑜𝑔e(𝑥) ; 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔eu.
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 1
= −1/𝑥2 and 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 1 1 1
= 𝑑𝑢 . 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 . (−1/𝑥2) 1 . (−1/𝑥2) = − 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑥
DERIVATIVE OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Given 𝑦 = 𝑒x where 𝑒 = 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒x. Also 𝑦 = 𝑎x ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔ea
Examples:

Differentiate with respect 𝑥, the following:
a. 𝑒tanx b. 𝑎cosx c. 𝑒x−𝑒-x d. 𝑒x½
Solution:
a. etanx
Let 𝑦 = 𝑒tanx 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑒u

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒u ; = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 ⇒𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢 . 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒u. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 𝑒tanx
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
b. 𝑎cosx
Let 𝑦 = 𝑎cosx then, 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔ea.

1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔ea ⇒ = −𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔ea = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑎cosxlogea.
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
c. ex – e-x
𝑦 = ex – e-x
𝒅𝒚
=ex – ( - ex) = ex + e-x
𝒅𝒙
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. Find the derivative of each of the following:

2 2
a. cos 3 𝑥 𝑏. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐. 𝑡𝑎𝑛6𝑥 𝑑. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥2
𝑑(tan 𝑥)
2. Show that , = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
3. Find the derivative with respect to 𝑥 of each of the following:
3
a. loga √2 + 𝑥
b. loge𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
c. loge(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥).
4. Differentiate each of the following with respect to 𝑥.
a. 1.a1+tanx
b. 2. a2x – a-2x
c. 3. atanx
SUB-TOPIC 2: RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION
DERIVATIVE OF A SUM
Supposing 𝑈and 𝑉 are functions of 𝑥 such that: 𝑦 = 𝑈(𝑥) + 𝑉(𝑥);
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
then, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑈 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑉 ′ (𝑥) 𝑂𝑅 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥.
𝑑𝑥
Hence, the derivative of a sum is the sum of the derivatives.

Similarly, the derivative of a different is the different of the derivative.
That is: 𝑦 = 𝑈(𝑥) − 𝑉(𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑦 ′ = 𝑈 ′ (𝑥) − 𝑉 ′ (𝑥) 𝑂𝑅 = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Examples:
1. find the differential coefficient of 𝑦 = 𝑥6+7𝑥3+6𝑥 + 4
solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥6+7𝑥3+6𝑥 + 4) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥6) + 𝑑𝑥 (7𝑥3) + 𝑑𝑥 (6𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (4) = 6𝑥 5+21𝑥 2+6.
𝑑𝑥
2. Differentiate with respect to 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥2−4𝑥 + 3
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥2−4𝑥 + 3) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥2) − 𝑑𝑥 (4𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (3) = 2𝑥 − 4
𝑑𝑥
FUNCTION OF A FUNCTION
Given that 𝑦 is a function of 𝑈 and 𝑈 itself is also a function of , then the derivative of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥 can
be find using this method:
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒖
𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢(ℎ), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 = 𝒅𝒖 . 𝒅𝒙 . this method is also called CHAIN RULE.
𝒅𝒙
Example:
1. Differentiate 𝑦 = √(1 − 𝑥)2
Solution:
Let 𝑈 = 1 − 𝑥2 ⇒ 𝑦 = √𝑈 = 𝑈 ½
𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 1
= 2 𝑢½ - 1 = 2 𝑢-½ = 2 = 2 √(1 − 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑢 √ 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
= −2𝑥.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 1
= 𝑑𝑢 . 𝑑𝑥 = 2 √(1 − 𝑥)2(−2𝑥) = −𝑥/√(1 − 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦
2. 𝑦 = (4𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)2 , . 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1
Let U= 4𝑥 3 + 2𝑥, 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑈 2
𝑑𝑦 1 −1 𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑈 2 ,
= 12𝑥 2 + 2,
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 1 −1 −1 6𝑥 2 +1
= 𝑑𝑢 . 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑈 2 × 12𝑥 2 + 2 = 𝑈 2 (6𝑥 2 + 1) = 1
𝑑𝑥
(4𝑥 3 +2𝑥)2
DERIVATIVE OF A PRODUCT OF FUNCTION.

If 𝑦 = 𝑈𝑉, where 𝑈 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 are both functions of 𝑥, then
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
=𝑈 + 𝑉
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example:
1. Differentiate with respect to 𝑥 𝑦 = (𝑥3+1)(𝑥4+1)
Solution:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑈 = (𝑥3+1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 = (𝑥4+1)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 3𝑥2 = 4𝑥3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑈 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑉 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥3+1). 4𝑥3 +(𝑥4+1). 3𝑥 2= 7𝑥6+4𝑥33𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
2. Find with respect to 𝑥 𝑦 = (𝑥2−3𝑥 + 5)(2𝑥 − 7)
DERIVATIVE OF A QUOTIENT FUNCTION

𝑢
If 𝑦 = 𝑣 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 are both functions of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 ≠ 0, then:
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗
=𝒗 −𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
This formula is called quotient rule. V2
Example:
𝑥
Find the derivative of 𝑦 = .
𝑥+1
Solution:
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 𝑥 + 1; = 1; =1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 + 1). 1 − 𝑥. 1
𝑑𝑥
(x+1)2
Simplify the above to the minimum value.
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. Differentiate 𝑦 = (𝑥2−5)4 with respect to 𝑥 using chain rule.

𝑑𝑦
2. Given that 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)4 , find 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑥(𝑥+1)
3. Differentiate 𝑥(𝑥−3)+2
(𝑥+1)
4. Differentiate (𝑥−1)
5. Differentiate with respect to 𝑥
a. (𝑥2−3𝑥+5) 2𝑥 − 7)
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥4(3 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑥4)

SUB-TOPIC 3: HIGHER DERIVATIVES
This implies finding the derivative of a given function beyond first derivative. It can extend to any number of
derivatives as so required.
Example:
𝑑𝑦 ′′ 𝑑𝑦 ′′′
Find 𝑎𝑛𝑑 of the following:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
a. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 5 b. 𝑦 = 𝑥6+2𝑥3−𝑒-3x+5.
Solution:
𝑎. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 5
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ′′
= 15𝑥 4 , = 60𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦"
𝑏. = 6𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 +
5
3𝑒 −3𝑥 , 𝑑𝑥 = 30𝑥 4 + 12𝑥 − 9𝑒 −3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
NOTE: Educator should solve more examples for students
PRACTICE EXERCISE
𝑑𝑦
1. Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥4−3𝑥3−4𝑥2+5. Find 𝑑𝑥
2. Use quotient rule to find the derivative of each of the following:
3
√2−𝑥 √1+𝑥
a. 𝑦 = , −2 < 𝑥 < 2. b. 𝑦 = , 𝑥 ≠ 0.
√2+𝑥 𝑥
CONCLUSION
TOPICAL TEST:
1. find the derivatives of the following functions:

a. √𝒙𝟐
𝟑
h. (𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 )(𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 )
𝟏
b. 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 i. √𝒙(𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙)𝟐
𝟏 𝟏+𝒙𝟐
c. √𝒙 + 𝒙 − 𝟑 j. 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
√
𝟑 𝟑+𝟐𝒙−𝒙𝟐
d. (𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐) k.
√𝟏+𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔√𝒙
e. √(𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 ) l. 𝟏+𝒙
𝟓
f. (𝟔−𝒙𝟐 )𝟑 m. 𝟖𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙
g. n. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙
√(𝟏+𝒙𝟐 )
𝑑2 𝑦
2. Find 𝑑𝑥 2 , 𝑖𝑓
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
a. 𝑥2
b. (1 − 𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥

 LIMIT
 CONTINUITY
 FUNCTION
 DERIVATIVE
 DIFFERENTIATION
 FIRST PRINCIPLE
 WITH RESPECT TO
 POLYNOMIALS
 GRADIENT

WEEK: THREE (3)
CONTENT
(a) Differentiation of Implicit Functions.
(b) Application of Differentiation

LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1. Find the derivative of implicit function;

2. Solve application problems under differentiation.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Learners are familiar with different rules of differentiation.
SUB-TOPIC 1: IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
Functions which have their derivatives in terms of 𝑑𝑦 −4𝑥 2

= .
𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 it may be possible to separate 𝑦 completely 𝑑𝑥 2𝑦
from 𝑥 to different side. Such functions are called 2. If 𝑦4+𝑦3𝑥4−3𝑥2= 5, find 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
implicit function.
Examples are 𝑦2+3𝑦𝑥2−2𝑥 = 4, 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = Solution:
1, 𝑒𝑡𝑐 Differentiating both side with respect to 𝑥.
Example: 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4𝑦3 + 𝑦3(4𝑥3) + 𝑥4(3𝑦2) − 6𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
1. If 2𝑥 3+𝑦2= 𝑥 3, 𝑦= 𝑥3 𝑦, find 𝑑𝑥 . 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4𝑦3𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥4(3𝑦2)𝑑𝑥 = 6𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 𝑦 3
𝑑𝑦
Solution: 6𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥2 𝑑𝑦
Solving for 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6𝑥 2+2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥2. 𝑑𝑦
(4𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 4 𝑦 2 ) = 6𝑥 − 4𝑦3 𝑥3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Solving for 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 6𝑥−4𝑦3 𝑥3
= (4𝑦 3 +3𝑥4 𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(2𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Differentiate the following:

1. 𝑦2𝑥2−𝑥3= 𝑦3
2. 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 2
3. 𝑥3𝑦2+𝑥+𝑦 = 3
4. 𝑦2−2𝑥 = 0
SUB-TOPIC 2: APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION
Examples:
1. Suppose an object is dropped from rest from a given height, the distance s through which the object has
1
dropped after t seconds (ignoring air resistance) is given by the formula 𝑠 = 2 𝑔𝑡 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑔 =
9.8𝑚
𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦.
𝑠2
𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠 .
2. Let p(t) denote the population of a colony of bacteria after t hours. If 𝑝(𝑡) = 100 + 𝑡 4 ,how fast is the
population growing after 3hours?
Solution:
1. 𝑠(𝑡) = 4.9𝑡 2
𝑠(𝑡 + 𝛿𝑡) = 4.9(𝑡 + 𝛿𝑡)2
𝑑𝑠 4.9(𝑡+𝛿𝑡)2 −4.9𝑡 2
∴ 𝑑𝑡 = lim
𝛿𝑡→0 𝛿𝑡
𝑡 2 +2𝑡𝛿𝑡+(𝛿𝑡)2 −𝑡 2
= 4.9 lim
= 4.9 lim (2𝑡 + 𝛿𝑡) = 4.9(2𝑡) = 9.8𝑡
𝛿𝑡→0
𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠 9.8 × 2 = 19.6𝑚/𝑠 2
2. We want the instantaneous rate of growth of growth of the population when t = 3hours. 𝑝′ (𝑡) =
𝑑𝑝 𝑝(𝑡+𝛿𝑡)−𝑝(𝑡)
= lim
𝑑𝑡 𝛿𝑡→0 𝛿𝑡
(𝑡+𝛿𝑡)4 −𝑡 4 +100−100
= lim
𝑑𝑝 3
∴ = 4𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 3 𝑖𝑠 \ = 4(33 ) = 108 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟.
𝑑𝑡 𝑡=3
(x1, y1) = Point on the line

Equation of Tangent to a Curve
This is the equation of a straight line passing through
The point slope form of a equation of a line is:
a given point (x1, y1) having finite slope m.
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Suppose y = f(x) be the equation of a curve and the
Here, slope of the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at the point
(x1, y1) can be represented as
m = Slope of the line
𝑑𝑦
]
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
(= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥1 )). = -1/f'(x1)
Thus, the equation of the tangent to the curve y = f(x)
Also, consider f'(x1) ≠ 0.
at (x1, y1) is:
Therefore, the equation of the normal to the curve y

y – y1 = f'(x1)(x – x1)
= f(x) at (x1, y1) is given by:
Or
y – y1 = [-1/f'(x1)] (x – x1)
The equation of tangent to the curve y = f(x) at x = a
(y – y1)f'(x1) = -(x – x1)
is given by:
(y – y1)f'(x1) + (x – x1) = 0
y – f(a) – f’(a)(x – a)
Here, f’(a) is the slope or gradient of the tangent to Tangents and Normals Examples
the curve y = f(x).
Example 1:
Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve

f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 6x + 1 at x = 2.
Solution:
Let the given equation be:
y = f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 6x + 1
Also, x = 2, i.e. a = 2
Equation of Normal to a Curve Substituting x = 2 in f(x),
We know that when two lines with slopes m1 and f(2) = (2)3 – 12(x)2 + 6(2) + 1
m2 are perpendicular to each other, then m1m2 = -1
= 8 – 12(4) + 12 + 1
That means, the product of slope of perpendicular
= 8 – 48 + 13
lines is -1.
= -27
Normal is perpendicular to the tangent as shown in
the above figure. So, the the slope of the normal to the The point on the curve at which the tangent line
curve y = f(x) at (x1, y1) is given by: passes through is (2, -27).
-1/Slope of the tangent Slope of the tangent = f’(a) = f’(2)

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = = (𝑥 – 12𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1) = 3𝑥 2 – 24𝑥 + 6 x + 30y + 808 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
This is the required equation of normal to the curve
f’(a) = f’(2)
f(x) at x = 2.
= 3(2)2 – 24(2) + 6
Example 2:
= 3(4) – 48 + 6
Find the equation of all lines having slope 2 and being
= 12 – 48 + 6 tangent to the curve
2
= 30 𝑦+ = 0.
𝑥−3
Solution:
Thus, the equation of tangent to the curve at x = 2 is:
Given,
y – f(2) = f’(2)(x – 2)
2
𝑦+ =0
y – (-27) = 30(x – 2) 𝑥−3
Slope of the tangent to the given curve at any point

y + 27 = 30x – 60
(x, y) is given by:
30x – 60 – y – 27 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 −2 2
= ( )=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 3 (𝑥 − 3)2
30x – y – 87 = 0
As per the give, slope is 2.
Since tangents and normals are perpendicular to each
−1
other, the slope of the normal = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒slope of the
i.e. 2/(x – 3)2 = 2
tangent
⇒ (x – 3)2 = 2/2
Slope of normal = -1/f’(2) = -1/30
⇒ (x – 3)2 = 1
Equation of the normal is:
⇒x–3=±1
y – f(a) = [-1/f’(a)] (x – a)
When x – 3 = 1, x = 4
y – (-27) = (-1/30)(x – 2)
When x – 3 = -1, x = 2
30(y + 27) = -(x – 2)
Substituting x = 2 in the given equation,
30y + 810 = -x + 2
y + [2/(2 – 3)] = 0
x + 30y + 810 – 2 = 0
y–2=0

y=2 y – (-2) = 2(x – 4)
Substituting x = 4 in the given equation, y + 2 = 2x – 8
y + [2/(4 – 3)] = 0 2x – 8 – y – 2 = 0
y+2=0 2x – y – 10 = 0
y = -2 Hence, the equations
Thus, there are two tangents to the given curve with Some of the important points about tangents and
slope 2 and that will be passing through the points (2, normals are listed below:
2) and (4, – 2).
 If a tangent line to the curve y = f (x) makes
an angle θ with x-axis in the positive
Now, the equation of a tangent to the curve with direction, then:
slope 2 and passing through (2, 2) is:
Slope of the tangent = dy/dx = tan θ
y – 2 = 2(x – 2)  If slope of the tangent line is zero, then tan θ
= 0 and thus, θ = 0 which means the tangent
y – 2 = 2x – 4 line is parallel to the x-axis. In this case, the
equation of the tangent at the point (x1, y1) is
2x – 4 – y + 2 = 0 given by y = y1.
 If θ →π/2, then tan θ → ∞, which means the
2x – y – 2 = 0 tangent line is perpendicular to the x-axis, i.e.,
parallel to the y-axis. In this case, the
equation of the tangent at (x1, y1) is given by x
Now, the equation of a tangent to the curve with = x1.
slope 2 and passing through (4, -2) is:
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. The distance (d metres) fallen by a stone in t seconds is given by the equation

𝑑 = 5𝑡 2 . (𝑖)ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑓𝑎𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠? (𝑖𝑖)𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠?
2. Find the maximum and minimum points of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 and sketch the curve.
CONCLUSION
TOPICAL TEST
Essay:
𝑑𝑦
1. If 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 27𝑥𝑦, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −𝑥 𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2. Given that 𝑦 = 𝑒 − 𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡: + 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4. 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3

5
3. 𝑥2+𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦
4. A ball rolls down an inclined plane. It travels s centimeters in t seconds and 𝑠 = 2𝑡 2 (i) how far has the ball
travelled in the first second? (ii) what is its speed at the end of the fourth second?
5. A particle moves along a straight so that after a time t seconds, its distance Scm from the starting point O
is given by 𝑆 = 𝑡 3 − 15𝑡 2 + 63𝑡 − 40. find: (a) the distances from O when the particle is momentarily at
rest; (b) the velocity when the acceleration is zero.
ASSIGNMENT
sec 𝑥−tan 𝑥
1. Differentiate with respect to x:
sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥
2. Find from first principle, the derivative, with respect to x of the function 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3.
𝑑3 𝑦
3. Find 𝑑𝑥 3 , 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
4. Find 𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑓 4𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑥 3 𝑦
5. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 4,calculate the average rate of change(gradient) of y, w.r.t x, in the interval
𝑑𝑦
between x = c and x = c + h. hence find 𝑑𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑐. Also find the maximum and minimum points of the
curve defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 4 and sketch the curve.
 LIMIT
 CONTINUITY
 FUNCTION
 DERIVATIVE
 DIFFERENTIATION
 FIRST PRINCIPLE
 WITH RESPECT TO
 POLYNOMIALS
 GRADIENT
 TRANSCENDAL
 RATE OF CHANGE
 HIGHER DERIVATIVE

WEEK: FOUR (4)
TOPIC: DYNAMICS 1
CONTENT
(a) Newton’s Laws of Motion
(b) Motion along Inclined Plane.
(c) Motion of Connected Particles

LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1. Solve problems on Newton’s laws of motion;

2. Solve problems on motion along inclined plane;
3. Solve problems on motion of connected particles.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Learners are familiar with parameters of motion
SUB-TOPIC 1: NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
PARTICLE: This is a body or thing that has a negligible dimension. It is usually denoted by a point or dot.
MASS OF A BODY: This is the amount of matter contained in a body. It is measured in Kilogram me (Kg).
LINEAR MOMENTUM: The linear momentum of a particle is the product of the mass of the particle and its
velocity. It is also known as momentum.
If mass= m, velocity= v and momentum= p.
Then, p=mv
NEWTON’S LAWS
FIRST LAW: Everybody or object remains at rest or of uniform motion unless compelled by an external force to act
otherwise.
SECOND LAW: The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the applied force and is in the direction of
the force. (F =ma)
If a force F acts on a body of a mass m (kg) it produces acceleration (a) in the mass given by the relation. F=ma
THIRD LAW: To every action, there is always an opposite and equal reaction.
Examples:
1. A force P acts on a body of mass 5kg on a smooth horizontal floor. If it produces an acceleration of 4.5ms-2, find
the magnitude of P.
Solution: a=4.5ms-2 = 4 ½ ms-2 = 9/2 ms-2.
M= 5kg.
P= ma = 5 X 9/2 = 22.5N
2. A body of mass 100kg is placed in a lift. find the reaction between the floor of the lift and the body when the lift
moves upward
(a) At constant velocity
(b) With an acceleration of 3.5ms-2 (g=10ms-2)
Solution
Let R1 be the reaction between the floor of the lift and the load when the lift moves upward at constant velocity
The net force on the load = R1 – mg
But,
R1 – mg = ma
R1- mg = 0 (a = 0).
(a) R1 = mg = 100 x 9.8 = 980 N

(b) Let R2 = reaction between the floor and the load at constant acceleration.
R2 – 100 x 9.8 = 100 x 2
R2 – 980 = 200
R2 = 200 + 980
R2 = 1180N
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. A body of mass 20kg is placed in a lift. Find the reaction between the floor of the lift and the body when the lift
moves downward with retardation of 2. 5m/s2. (Take g= 10m/s2).
2. A body of mass 15kg is placed on a smooth plane which is inclined at 600 to the horizontal. Find:
(a) the acceleration of the body as it moves down the plane
(c) The velocity that the body attains after 5seconds if (i) it start from rest; (ii) it moves with an initial velocity of 4
ms-1 .
SUB-TOPIC 2: MOTION ALONG AN INCLINED PLANE.
F – mg sin α = ma, if F > mg sinα (a = acceleration 50 √3 = 20 a

upward plane)
a=25√3 ms-2
Mg sinα – F = ma, if F <mgsinα (a = acceleration
OR a = 21. 7ms-1
downward plane)
b(i) when the body start from rest u=0
Example 1. An object whose weight is 20kg is placed
on a smooth plane inclined at 600 to the horizontal. using equation of motion
Find: (a) the acceleration of the object as it moves v = u + at
down the plane ; (b) the velocity attained after 6
seconds if: (i) it starts from rest ; (ii) it moves with v = 0 + 10 x 6 = 60 ms-1
an initial velocity of 10ms-1. (Take g= 10ms-1) b(ii) if the body move with an initial velocity of 10
Solution ms-1 , then;
Net force acting on the body down the plane is v = u + at

mgsin 600 v = 10 + 6 x 10 = 70 ms-1
The force acting on the body upward is zero. F – mg sin α = ma, if F > mg sinα (a = acceleration
Hence, mg sin 600= 20 x a. upward plane)
10 x 10 sin 600 = 20 x a Mg sinα – F = ma, if F <mgsinα (a = acceleration

downward plane)
100√3/2 = 20 a

Example 1. An object whose weight is 20kg is placed on 50 √3 = 20 a
a smooth plane inclined at 600 to the horizontal.
a=25√3 ms-2
Find: (a) the acceleration of the object as it moves
OR a = 21. 7ms-1
down the plane ; (b) the velocity attained after 6
seconds if : (i) it starts from rest ; (ii) it moves with b(i) when the body start from rest u=0
an initial velocity of 10ms-1. (Take g= 10ms-1)
using equation of motion
Solution
v = u + at
Net force acting on the body down the plane is
mgsin 600 v = 0 + 10 x 6 = 60 ms-1
The force acting on the body upward is zero. b(ii) if the body move with an initial velocity of 10
ms-1 , then;
Hence, mg sin 600= 20 x a.
v = u + at
0
10 x 10 sin 60 = 20 x a
v = 10 + 6 x 10 = 70 ms-1
100√3/2 = 20 a
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. A body of mass m is placed on the surface of a smooth plane which is inclined at an angle to the horizontal. A
force F whose line of action is parallel to the surface of the inclined plane acts on the body to first prevent it
from slipping down the plane. If R is the reaction between the surface of the inclined plane and the body, show
that F = R tan θ
2. A bucket full of water with a mass of 8kg is pulled out of a well with a light inextensible rope. Find its
acceleration when the tension in the rope is 150N. (Take g = 10ms-2)
SUB-TOPIC 3: MOTION OF CONNECTED PARTICLES
Example: Two vehicles of mass m1 and m2 are connected by an inextensible chord whose mass can be neglected. The
vehicle of m1 has broken down and the vehicle of mass m2 is towing the vehicle of mass m1, with a reactive force of T
Newton. The two vehicles are moving with acceleration a ms-2 . If T is the tension in the chord and any frictional force is
to be neglected, show that
(i) a = F/ m1+ m2 (ii) T = m1f/m1+m2
Solution
Vehicle with mass m1; T = m1 a ……………………… (1)
Vehicle with mass m2 ; F – T = m2a …………………..(2)
Adding (1) and (2)
F – T + T = m1a + m1a
F = a ( m1+ m2)
a = f/m1 + m2
(ii) Substituting the value of “a” into equation …………………….. (i)

Therefore T= m1 x f/m1 + m2 = m1f/m1 + m2
PRACTICE EXERCISE
(1) Two particle of masses 10kg and 8kg are connected by a light in extensible string which is passed over a light
frictionless pulley. Find the tension in the string and the acceleration with which the particles move when released.
(2) Two bodies of masses 2m and 3m are connected by a light in elastic string which is passed over a smooth fixed
pulley. The body of mass 2m lies on a smooth horizontal table while the body of mass 3m. hangs freely. If the two
bodies move with an acceleration a and T is the tension in the string, find expression for
(a) a in terms of g
(b) T in terms of g and m where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
CONCLUSION
TOPICAL TEST
Objectives
1. Anybody whose dimensions can be neglected is called a ……….
2. ……… is the amount of matter contained in a body
3. ……… is the product of the mass of the particle and its velocity.
4. Action and reaction are ………… and ………..
Essay
1. A force P acts on a body of mass 5kg on a smooth horizontal floor. If it produces an acceleration of 4.5m/s2, find
the magnitude of P.
2. A body of mass 100kg is placed in a lift. Find the reaction between the floor of the lift and the body when the lift
moves upward: (i) at constant velocity (ii) with an acceleration of 3.5m/s2, (Take g = 10m/s2).
3. A body of mass 50kg is placed in a lift. If the lift moves upward with a retardation of 2m/s2,find the reaction
between the floor of the lift and the body. (Take g = 9.8m/s2).
4. Two bodies of masses 2m and 3m are connected by o light inelastic string which is passed over a smooth fixed
pulley. The body of mass 2m lies on a smooth horizontal table while the body of mass 3m hangs freely. If the
two bodies moves with an acceleration a and T is the tension in the string, find the expression for: (i) a in terms
of g (ii)T in terms of g and m where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
ASSIGNMENT
1. State the three law of motions

2. Derive the formula F = ma
3. What will be an acceleration of mass of 50kg when acted upon by a force of 30N?
4. A ball fall from rest down a smooth plane inclined at an angle 𝜃° to the horizontal. How long in seconds, will it
take the ball to cover a distance of dm along the plane?
5. A body of mass 2kg moving with the velocity 5m/s due East collides with another body with velocity 4m/s. if the
heavier body is brought to rest by the collision, find the velocity of the lighter body after collision.
 PARTICLE
 MASS
 MOMENTUM
 VELOCITY
 INCLINED PLANE
 ACCELERATION
 DECCELERATION
 RETARD
 MOTION
 COLLIDES
 GRAVITY
 NEWTON
 FORCE
 MAGNITUDE
 TENSION
 INEXTENSIBLE
I cannot give you the formula for success, but I can give you the formula for failure which is,
Try to please everybody. ……..Herbert B. Swope

WEEK: FIVE (5)
TOPIC: DYNAMICS 2
CONTENT
(a) Work, Power and Energy: Impulse and momentum.

(b) Projectiles: Trajectory of projectiles; greatest height reached; Time of flight; Range and Projection along inclined
plane.
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1. Solve problems on Work, Power and Energy: Impulse and momentum.

2. Define projectiles
3. Solve problems on projectiles
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Learners are familiar with dynamics (NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION)
SUB-TOPIC 1: WORK, POWER AND ENERGY: IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM.
Work, Power and Energy

Work: the work done (W) is defined as the product 2. A particle whose mass is 34kg is acted upon by
of the force (F) and the displacement or distance a force. If the particle moves an upward
(d) must be in the direction of the force. distance of 100m in the line of action of the
force, find the work done. (Take g = 10m/s2) .
⇒ Workdone (W) = Force (F) × displacement (d).
⇒W = F× 𝑑 = 𝐹𝑑. The unit of work is Joule (J). Solution: f = ? m = 34kg g = 10m/s2
Examples: F = mg = 34(10) = 340N
1. How much work is done by a force of 18N that W = fd = 340(100) 3400J.
moved a load of 500kg through a displacement
of 6m? POWER
Power is the rate at which work is being
Solution:
done. The unit watt(W). power is also
F = 180N d = 6m ⇒ W = fd = 180(6) = defined as the rate of transfer of energy.
1080J.
Power (P)= 2. A body of mass 25kg is raised to a height of
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 4m above the ground. If the is allowed to
,
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
fall
𝑓×𝑠
𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝑓 × 𝑠, 𝑃 = 𝑡 , a. Calculate its kinetic energy
𝑠 b. Just before impact with the ground (g =
𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜, = 𝑣, 10ms-2)
𝑡
𝑓 𝑠
𝑃 = × = 𝑓𝑣. Solution:
1 𝑡
Example: 1
EK = 2 𝑚𝑣2 But v2 = u2 + 2as = 0 + 2as = 2as(body
A car travelling at 60m/s produces a force
of 400N. Calculate the power of the engine. from rest u = 0)
Solution: v2 = 2as But g = a and s = h.
F = 400N, V = 60m/s P = Fv P
= 400(60) = 24000W. v2 = 2gh = (2)(10)(4) = 80
1 1
EK = 2 𝑚𝑣2 = 2 .25 .80 = 40 .25 = 1000𝐽.
1. A force of 20N applied parallel to the
horizontal moves a body through a IMULSE AND MOMENTUM
distance of 40cm. what is the workdone
by the force? Impulse is the time – effect of force. It is expressed
𝑑𝑣
as Fdt = mdv ( = 𝑚 𝑑𝑡 ). where 𝐹𝑑𝑡 is the impulse
ENERGY
while 𝑚𝑑𝑣 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 on the mass of
This is the ability or capacity of a body to do the body or particle.
work. The unit of energy is the same as that
Momentum is the velocity – effect on the mass of
of work i.e. Joules (J). There are two form of
the body or particle. It represented by 𝑚𝑑𝑣.
energy;
The time – effect of force is equal to the change in
1. Kinetic Energy denoted as EK.
1 momentum.
Mathematically, EK = 2 𝑚𝑣2. Where m =
𝑑𝑣 𝑣−𝑢
mass and v = velocity. 𝐹=𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎, 𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑎 =
2. Potential energy denoted as EP. By formular 𝑑𝑡 𝑡
EP = mgh, where m =mass, g 𝑚(𝑣 − 𝑢)
= acceleration due to gravity, h = height. 𝐹= ⇒ 𝐹𝑡 = 𝑚(𝑣 − 𝑢)
𝑡
Example: The unit of impulse and momentum is Ns(Newton –
Second)
1. A body of mass 50kg is raised to a height of
2m above the ground. What is the potential Example:
energy?
A body at rest and of mass 10kg is acted upon by a
Solution: force of 40N for 0.4S. find
M = 50kg, h = 2m, g = 10m/s2 a. The increase in momentum

b. The speed of the body
EP = mgh = (50)(10)(2) = 1000J c. The distance covered within the time
interval
Solution:
a. F = 40N, m = 10kg. Impulse on the c. V = u + at, 1.6 = 0 + a(0.4) ⇒ a =
body = 40(0.4) = 16NS 4m/s 2
b. Ft = mv – mu (u = 0), 16 = 10v ⇒v= Difference ⇒ S = ut + ½ at2 = 2(0.16) =

1.6m/s. 0.32m.
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. A body of mass 50kg is placed in a left. If the lift moves upward with a retardation of 2m/s 2, find the
reaction between the floor of the lift and the body. (Take g = 9.8m/s2).
2. A body at rest and of mass 8kg is acted upon by a force of 30N for 0.4seconds. find the:
a. Impulse on the body.
b. Final speed of the body.
c. Distance covered within the time interval.
3. When a force of 250N acts on a particle, the particle is displaced a distance along the of action of the
force. If the work done in the process is 3250J.
4. A body is subjected to the action of a force F, such that the force – distance graph of the body is as
shown below:F(N)
20
10
40 d(m)
SUB-TOPIC 2: PROJECTILES
Projectiles describe the motion of a particle or body under gravity in two dimensions. When that happens we
have the following equations of motion.
1. Vx = ucos𝜃
2. Vy = usin𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡
3. Sx = ut𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1
4. Sy = utsin𝜃 − 2 𝑔𝑡2
5. V2x = u2cos2𝜃
6. V2y = u2sin2𝜃 − 2𝑔𝑠y
Where: Sx = horizontal distance, Sy = vertical distance, Vx = horizontal component of the velocity, Vy =

vertical component of the velocity.
Example:

A particle is projected with an initial velocity of 30m/s at an angle of 700 to the horizontal after 2 seconds.
Find the:
a. Vertical component of the velocity
b. Horizontal component of the velocity
c. Magnitude of the velocity
d. Vertical distance travelled
e. Horizontal distance travelled.
Solution:
𝒚
21m/s
300
𝒙
a. Vy = usin𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡
Vy = 30sin700 – 9.8× 2 = 28.1907 − 19.6
b. Vx = ucos𝜃
Vx = 30cos700 = 10.3m/s
c. If v = velocity magnitude, Then, V = (Vx2 +Vy2 ) ½
V = (8.62 + 10.32) ½ = √180.05 = 13.42m/s2
1
d. Sy = utsin𝜃 − 2 𝑔𝑡2
Sy = 30Sin700 – ½ (9.8)(22) = 28.19 – 19.6 = 8.6m
e. Sx = ut𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 30 × 2𝑐𝑜𝑠700 = 20.52m.
GREATEST HEIGHT REACHED.

The formula for greatest height reached by a body when the vertical component of the velocity is zero is given
as:
Sy = U2sin2𝜃 OR h = U2Sin2𝜃
2g 2g
TIME OF FLIGHT
This is the time it take a projected body to reach it greatest height and returned to it original position.
2𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑇=
𝑔
RANGE
The range is the horizontal distance covered when the particle or body returns to its origin level.
R= U2Sin2𝜃
h = U2Sin2𝜃
g
2g
TRAJECTORY OF A PROJECTILE.
This is the path followed or traced by the projected particle. The part is best described as PARABOLA.
Equation: 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥2
Example:
A particle is projected with an initial speed of 45m/s at an angle of elevation of 𝜃 given by
sin-1(0.5). find the:
a. Greatest height reached by the particle
b. Horizontal range
c. Time of flight
d. Magnitude velocity after 2.2s.
Solution:
h = U2Sin2𝜃
a. 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛-1(0.5) = 300;
2g
H =452× (0.5)2/2× 9.8 = 25.83m.
1
b. Sy = utsin𝜃 − 2 𝑔𝑡2
1 2𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
At the range Sy = 0 ⇒ utsin𝜃 − 2 𝑔𝑡2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑡 = ;
𝑔
20.25𝑠𝑖𝑛60
𝐵𝑢𝑡, 𝑅 = 𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = = 178.9𝑚
9.8
𝑅 𝑅 2𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2×45×0.5
c. Vx = 𝑇 ∴𝑇=𝑉= ⇒ 𝑇 = 9.8 = 4.59𝑠
𝑔
d. Vy = usin𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡 = 45(0.5) − 9.8(2.2) = 0.94𝑚/𝑠
Let V = magnitude of the velocity after 2.2s
Then, V = Vx2 + Vy2 = √1518.7 + 0.8836 = √1519.6 = 38.98𝑚/𝑠
PROJECTION ALONG AN INCLINED PLANE.

V’x= 𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 − 𝛽)
V’y𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 − 𝛽).
Where V’x =component of the velocity along the horizontal plane V’y = component of the velocity in a
direction perpendicular to the plane.
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. A particle is projected into the air with a speed of 59m/s at an inclination sin -1(3/5). Find:
a. Greatest height reached by the particle.
b. Horizontal range
c. Time of flight.
2. A particle is projected vertically upwards from the ground with speed 30ms-1. Calculate the:
a. Maximum height reached by the particle;
b. Time taken by the particle to return to the ground;
c. Time(s) taken for the particle to attain a height of 40m above the ground. [Take = 10ms -2]
CONCLUSION
TOPICAL TEST
1. A projectile is fired with a velocity of 63m/s and at an angle of elevation of 60 0 to the horizontal. Find
the:
a. Greatest height attained
b. Horizontal range
c. Time of fight
d. Speed of the particle when the projectile is 75m above the horizontal. (g = 10m/s 2) .
2. A particle is projected with a velocity v at an angle x to the horizontal. Find the maximum range of the
particle.
3. A body is projected from a point (0,0) with a speed of 80m/s at an angle 300 to the horizontal. Find the
height attained in 5s(g = 10m/s)
4. A projectile launched with a velocity of 30m/s. If it just clears a barrier 40m high at a distance 30m
away from the point of projection. Calculate correct to one decimal place, the:
a. Horizontal range
b. Maximum height attained(g = 10m/s2
ASSIGNMENT
1. A particle starting from rest falls freely from a height H above the ground. If g is the acceleration due
to gravity, show from energy consideration that the velocity ‘V’ with which the particle strikes the
ground is given by the expression: 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ.
2. A ball weighing 500N is dropped from a height of 30m. Find the kinetic energy of the ball just before
striking the ground.
3. A body is projected from a point such that the horizontal and vertical components of its velocity are
640m/s and 480m/s respectively. (a) Calculate the greatest height attained above the point of
projection. (b) if the time of flight is 96seconds, calculate the horizontal range through the point of
projection. (Take g = 10m/s).
4. A particle is projected from the top of a building 12.6m above the horizontal ground with speed 7m/s
at an angle 300 above the horizontal. Find the time which elapsed before the particle hits the ground.
√3
5. A body is projected into the air with speed 40m/s at an angle sin−1( 2 ) to the horizontal from a height
20m above the ground. Taking g to be 10m/s2, find the time taken to hit the ground.
 PARTICLE  INCLINED PLANE

 MASS  ACCELERATION
 MOMENTUM  DECCELERATION
 VELOCITY  RETARD
 MOTION  RANGE
 COLLIDES  TIME OF FLIGHT
 GRAVITY  MAXIMUM HEIGHT
 NEWTON  PROJECTILES
 FORCE  COMPONENT
 MAGNITUDE  ENERGY
 TENSION  POWER
 INEXTENSIBLE  WORK DONE
 IMPULSE
When it is obvious that the goals cannot be reached, don’t adjust the goals, adjust the action
steps………….. Ayorinde Seun

WEEK: SIX (6)
TOPIC: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
CONTENTS
(a) Knowledge of Six Trigonometric Functions of Angles of any Magnitude.
(b) Range and Domain of Specified Trigonometry.
(c) Graphs of Trigonometric Ratios with Emphasis on their Amplitude and Periodicity
(d) Relationship between Graphs of Trig.
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1. State the six important trigonometric ratios of angles of any magnitudes;

2. Draw graphs of trigonometric ratios;
3. Identify relationships between graphs of trigonometric ratios;
4. Identity inverses of trig. ratios.
5. Draw graphs of inverses of trig. ratios
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Learners are familiar with right-angled triangle
SUB-TOPIC 1: TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ANGLES OF ANY MAGNITUDE
Recall the basic trigonometric ratios with respect to the sides of a right angled triangle.
|𝑄𝑅| 𝑝
Q Sin𝜃 = |𝑄𝑃| = ⁄𝑟
r |𝑅𝑃| 𝑞
Cos 𝜃= |𝑄𝑃| = ⁄𝑟
p
|𝑄𝑅| 𝑝
Tan 𝜃=|𝑅𝑃| = ⁄𝑞
𝜃
R q P

𝑝⁄
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑟
Also, tan 𝜃 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑞⁄
𝑟
The reciprocals of these basic ratios are given as:

1
Secant of angle 𝜃 = sec 𝜃=𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑟⁄𝑞
1
Cosecant of angle 𝜃= cosec 𝜃= 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑟⁄𝑝
1 𝑞 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Cotangent of angle 𝜃= cot 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ⁄𝑝 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
These trigonometric ratios can be given for general angles of any size by considering an angle as the measure of
ration of a time of along four quadrants of the Cartesian plane.
TRIGONOMETRY RATIOS FOR SPECIAL ANGLES
1 √3
sin 𝜃 = 0, cos 𝜃 = 1, tan 𝜃 = 0, sin 90 = 1, cos 90 = 0, tan 90 = 𝑢𝑑𝑓, sin 30 = 2 , cos 30 = tan 30 =
2
1 √3 1 √2 √2
, sin 60 = , cos 60 = 2 , tan 60 = √3, sin 45 = , cos 45 = , tan 45 =1
√3 2 2 2
GRAPH OF SIX TRIGONOMETRY RATIOS

We say that the graph of 𝑦 = sin 𝜃 has an amplitude of 1 while the graph of 𝑦 = 2sin 𝜃 has an amplitude of 2.
In general, the graph of 𝑦 = Asin 𝜃 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 |𝐴|. Also, the graph 𝑦 = sin 𝜃 repeats itself at interval
of 2π, we say it has a period of 2π .while the graph 𝑦 = 2sin 𝜃 repeats itself at interval of π we say it has a period
2𝜋
of π. In general, the graph of 𝑦 = sin 𝑛𝜃 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓 .
𝑛
𝝅°
NOTE: to convert an angle in degrees to radians, multiply the angle by the factor 𝟏𝟖𝟎°.
The distance moved half a circle as seen in sine and cosine graph is pi(π) which is equal to 1800.
SINE GRAPH: blue, COSINE GRAPH: green, TANGENT GRAPH: red

GRAPHS OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
The inverse trigonometric ratios are defined as follows:
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
cos 𝜃
1
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
tan 𝜃
1) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
𝜃 45o 90o 135o 225o 270o 315o

Cosec 𝜃 1.41 1 1.41 -1.41 -1 -1.41
The properties of the cosec functions are
 The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 is periodic of period 360o
 The function 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 is not defined when 𝜃 = 0𝑜 , 180𝑜 , 360𝑜 , ⋯
 The function 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝜃 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 ≤ −1
2) y = sec 𝜃
The graph of y = sec 𝜃 is drawn above:

The properties of the secant function are:
 The graph of y = sec 𝜃 is periodic of period 36oo

 It is not defined when 𝜃 = 90𝑜 , 270𝑜 , ⋯
 y = sec 𝜃 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 ≤ 1
3) 𝑦 = cot 𝜃
The graph of y= cotθ is drawn above:

The properties of the cotangent function are:
 The graph of y= cotθ is periodic, of period 180o

 It is not defined when 𝜃 = 0𝑜 , 180𝑜 , 360𝑜 ⋯
DOMAIN OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY RATIO:
FUNCTION DOMAIN
arcsiny −≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
arcosy −≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
arctany whole real line
arccoty whole real line
arcsecy 𝑦 ≤ −1, 𝑦 ≥ −1
arccosecy 𝑦 ≤ −1, 𝑦 ≥ −1
Examples:
1. Solve the right angled triangle XYZ when <YXZ = 41.270, |XZ| = 60.2. find YZ and XY
Solution:
< 𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 90° − 41.27° = 48.73°
𝑍𝑌
sin 41.27 = ; 𝑌𝑍 = 𝑋𝑍 sin 41.27° = 60.2 × 0.6596 = 39.71
𝑋𝑍
𝑋𝑌
= cos 41.27° , ∴ 𝑋𝑌 = cos 41.27° = 60.2 × 0.7521 = 45.28°
𝑋𝑍
60.2
Y X
2. The sine of a certain angle is 12/13, evaluate other trig angle.

Solution:
A
12 13
B C
Solution;
12
sin 𝜃 = 13, AC=13, AB=12 and BC=5(from pyh theorem)
Since sin 𝜃 is positive, then 𝜃 will be either in the first quadrant or in the second quadrant.
5 12 13 13 5
∴ cos 𝜃 = ± 13 , tan 𝜃 = ± , csc 𝜃 = 12 , sec 𝜃 = ± , cot 𝜃 = ± 12
5 5
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Sketch the graph of :

a) Cosec 𝜃
b) Sec 𝜃
c) Cot 𝜃
PRACTICE EXERCISE:
1. Find the sine, cosine and tangent of (i) 15.450 (ii) 55.280.
2. The sine of a certain angle is 3/5, evaluate other trig. angle
3. What is the difference between sine graph and cosine graph
4. Why is tan 900 undefined?
5. Draw the graph of 3 sin 2x (-1050 <x<1500) and find its value when x=-40
6. Express 750 in radians.
7. Copy and complete the table for the relation 𝑦 = 2 cos 𝑥 + 3 sin 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°
𝒙 𝟎° 300 600 90o 120o 150o 1800 2100 240o 270o 3000 3300 3600
y 2 3.23 1.6 -3.2
a. Using a scale of 2cm to 300 on the x – axis and 2cm to 1 unit on y – axis, draw the graph of 𝑦 =
2 cos 𝑥 + 3 sin 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°
b. From your graph, find the:
i. Maximum value of y, correct to 2 decimal places;
2 5
ii. Solution of the equation: 3 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = 6
ASSIGNMENT
1. List three (3) inverse function and their domain.
2. Copy and complete the table below

X 150 300 450 600 750
3 sin x 0.78 2.90
2 – 2cos 2x 0.27
Using the above values and taking 1cm to represent 100on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 0.5 on the
y-axis, plot in the same diagram the graphs of 3 sin x and 2 – 2 cos x.
3. Change the following angles in degree to radian.
(a) 750 (b) 1500
 TRIGONOMETRY RATIOS  PERIOD

 TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS  DEGREES
 INVERSE FUNCTION  RADIAN
 GRAPH  DOMAIN
 AMPLITUDE  QUADRANT
If you want to be successful, find out what the price is and then pay it……. Scott Adam
Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be
successful. ………Herman Cain

WEEK: SEVEN (7)
MID – TERM BREAK

WEEK: EIGHT (8)
TOPIC: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION II
CONTENT:
1. Solution of simple equation involving trigonometric functions
2. Proofs of simple trigonometric identities
3. Trigonometric ratios of compound angles
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1. Solve simple equation involving trigonometric function;

2. Prove trigonometric identities;
3. Solve problems on trigonometric ratios of compound angles.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Learners have knowledge of basic trigonometric ratios
SUB-TOPIC 1: TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
Definition: A trigonometric equation is an equation containing trigonometric ratios for example,

1 √3
sin 𝜃 , 2 cos 𝜃 = , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 4 = 0, ⋯ Since trigonometric functions are periodic in nature, there are
2, 2
infinite number of solutions for trigonometric equations, therefore trigonometric equations are always
accompanied by a range for 𝜃.
Example: Solution
1
1. Solve the following equations for 𝜃, where a) cos 𝜃 = − 2
𝜃 ≤ 0𝑜 ≤ 360𝑜 . Giving answers to one
decimal. Recall that cos 𝜃 is negative in the 2nd and 3rd
a) cos 𝜃 = − 2
1 quadrant. Thus, solution is (180- 𝜃) or (180+ 𝜃)
1
b) cot 3 𝜃 = 4 From Mathematical tables, cos 60o = 2 (when 𝜃 is
c) 4sin 4𝜃 = 2 acute)

Therefore, the solution is (180- 60) or (180+ 60)
= 120o or 240o ∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜃 = 7.5𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 37.5𝑜
b) Cot 3𝜃 = 4 2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝜃 𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 360𝑜 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑦
1
By definition, cot 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃. Therefore, cot 𝑎) 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0
1
3𝜃 = 4 becomes 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝜃 = 4 𝑏) (tan 𝜃 + 1)2 = 9
1 Solution
This implies that tan 3𝜃 = 4,
a) 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0
Thus 3𝜃 = 14.04
14.04 The equation above is quadratic
and 𝜃 = 3
Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑝 = 0, then
𝑜
𝜃 = 4.68 𝑜𝑟 4.7 is one solution.
2 𝑝2 − 𝑝 = 0
𝑏𝑢𝑡 tan 𝜃 is also positive in the 3rd quadrant, so
𝑝(2𝑝 − 1) = 0
3𝜃 = 180 + 14.04
∴ 𝑝 = 0 𝑜𝑟 2𝑝 − 1 = 0
=194.0
1
4 ∴ 𝑝 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑝 =
2
194.04
𝜃= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
3
1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
2
64.68 or
64.7o Hence the values of 𝜃 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 0𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 360𝑜
which satisfy the equation are
0𝑜 , 30𝑜 , 150𝑜 , 180𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 360𝑜
c) 4 sin 4𝜃 = 2 b) (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 1)2 = 9
2 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 1 = ±√9 = ±3
This implies that sin 4 𝜃 = 4 = 2
∴ tan 𝜃 = −1 + 3 or -1-3
In the range of 𝜃 ≤ 0𝑜 ≤ 360𝑜 , when sin 4 𝜃 = = 2 𝑜𝑟 − 4
1
In the range of 0𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 360𝑜
2
When 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 2, 𝜃 = 63.4𝑜 𝑜𝑟 243.4𝑜
then 4𝜃 = 30𝑜 or 180 -30 = 150o When 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 4, 𝜃 = 76.0𝑜 𝑜𝑟 256𝑜
and 𝜃 =
30
= 7.5𝑜 or
150
= 37.5𝑜 ∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜃
4 4
= 63.4𝑜 , 76𝑜 , 243.4𝑜 , 256𝑜
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Solve each of the following equations for 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360𝑜 Giving your answers correct to 2 decimal places
(a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 5
(b) 5 cos 5𝜃 = 2
(c) cos 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 0
(d) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 + 4 sec 𝜃 − 5 = 0
SUB-TOPIC 2: TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
Examples: Proof:
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 We use the first two identities we have proved to
1. (a) tan 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
prove the next two.
(b) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1
1) 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
Proof: 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Using the fact that 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = tan 𝜃 for all 𝜃, we
To prove the above result, we consider a right have
angled triangle shown below:
sin 𝜃 2
A LHS 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 + (cos 𝜃)
cos2 𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2
but 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1

b c 1
∴ 1 + tan2 θ =
cos 2 θ
C 𝜃 B = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑)
a
𝑏 𝑎 2) 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
1) sin 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑐 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
𝑐 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Using the fact that cot 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = ,
𝑏⁄ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐 𝑏
= = 𝑎 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 (proved) cos 𝜃 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑎⁄
𝑐 we have LHS = 1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 1 + ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 )
2) Also we have, =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
2 2
1+ 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
𝑏 𝑎
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = ( ) + ( )
𝑐 𝑐
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
2
𝑏 +𝑎 2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
= 2 2
But 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 1
𝑐2
1
by Pythagoras, we have 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 = 𝑐 2 , therefore ∴ 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
𝑐2
(proved)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 = 𝑐 2 = 1 (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑)
2. (a) 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

(c) 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

Further Trigonometric Identities 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
LHS = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
We prove further identities using the above proved 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= + (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 tan 𝜃 = )
identities by showing that the LHS is equal to the 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
RHS or vice versa.
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
=
Examples: 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
1. prove each of the following identities 1 1 1
= = ×
a) (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + cot 𝜃) = 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
2
b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆

1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
c) √1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Solution c) √1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
a) (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + cot 𝜃) = 1

1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
LHS = √1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = √(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
LHS = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − cot 𝜃)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + cot 𝜃)
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − cot 2 𝜃) Recall (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2

=√ 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
𝑏) = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
But 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛)2 𝜃
√
∴ (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃) = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 1−sin 𝜃
= cos 𝜃
= 1 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑)
1 sin 𝜃
= − cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃
b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆

PRACTICE EXERCISE
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
1. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
cot 𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
2. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
SUB-TOPIC 3: COMPOUND ANGLES
The additional formulae are; sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 PRACTICE EXERCISE:
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 1) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤
180𝑜 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜃 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ
tan 𝐴−tan 𝐵
tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 1+tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 a) 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 3
b) sec(2𝜃 − 15𝑜 ) = 2
Double angle formulae:
c) Sin 3 𝜃 = 0.5
sin 2𝐴 = 2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
cos 2𝐴 = { 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 1 2) Prove the identity
1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = cos 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
2tan 𝐴
tan 2𝐴 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 1 1
3) 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 + 1−cos 𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
CLASS ACTIVITY: 4) 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑞𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
1. Show that tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 𝑦2 𝑥2
− =1
2. From sin 2A, find sin A 𝑞 2 𝑝2
NOTE: Educators are to teach the students everything on compound angles
CONCLUSION
ASSIGNMENT
1. Using the given identity. Solve sin 2x = sin 3x.
2. Prove cotA + tanA = 2cot2A.
3. Use additional formula to evaluate (i) sin1950 (ii) cos2550 (iii) tan 3450.
1+cos 𝜃 1−cos 𝜃
4. Prove that: √1−cos 𝜃 + √1+cos 𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
5. If tanӨ = 5/12, where Ө is acute angle, evaluate 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃.
 TRIGONOMETRY RATIOS
 TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS
 INVERSE FUNCTION
 GRAPH
 AMPLITUDE
 PERIOD
 DEGREES
 RADIAN
 DOMAIN
 QUADRANT
The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of
knowledge, but rather a lack in will

WEEK: NINE (9)
TOPIC:
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR:
SUB-TOPIC 1:
CONTENT:
PRACTICE EXERCISE: (5 fill in the gap question per subtopic, 3 short answer questions)
SUB-TOPIC 2:
CONTENT:
SUB-TOPIC 3:
CONTENT:
CONCLUSION
TOPICAL TEST: (10 multiple Choice Questions, 10 fill in the gap questions and 5 essay question)
(Each topic should be enriched with worked examples, images, past WAEC SSCE/NECO SSCE / BECE JSCE questions.)

SS2 Further Maths 2ND Term E-Note

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©Deeper Life High School.

WEEKS TOPICS CONTENT

(b) Rules of Differentiation: Product rule, Quotient rule,

(c) Higher Derivative

(c) Motion of Connected Particles

DYNAMICS 2 (a) Work, Power and Energy: Impulse and momentum.

TRIGONOMETRIC (a) Knowledge of Six Trigonometric Functions of Angles of

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(c) Introduction to Theorem Proving.

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Students should be able to:

1. Solve problem on limit of a function;

SUB-TOPIC 1: LIMITS OF A FUNCTION

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SUB-TOPIC 2: DIFFERENTIATION FROM FIRST PRINCIPLE

1. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥 – 2 using first principle.

Show that the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥 n is 𝑛𝑥 n – 1

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To differentiate a polynomial, we differentiate term by term.

1. If 𝑦 = 2𝑥 4−3𝑥3−4𝑥2−7𝑥 + 7, differentiate term by term

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PUZZLES / BRAIN TEASER:

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(a) Differentiation of Transcendental Functions such as Sin x,eax log 3x.

(b) Rules of Differentiation: Product rule, Quotient rule, Function of function.

(c) Higher Derivative

Students should be able to:

1. Differentiate trigonometric functions;

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Learners have learnt derivatives of polynomial.

SUB-TOPIC 1: DIFFERENTIATION OF TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS

a. 𝑙𝑜𝑔a√1 + 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔a(√1 + 𝑥)½

b. 𝑙𝑜𝑔10(𝑥2 −2): let u = (𝑥2 −2) and 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10u.

DERIVATIVE OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

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Let 𝑦 = 𝑒tanx 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑒u

Let 𝑦 = 𝑎cosx then, 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔ea.

1. Find the derivative of each of the following:

SUB-TOPIC 2: RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

Hence, the derivative of a sum is the sum of the derivatives.

1. Differentiate 𝑦 = √(1 − 𝑥)2

DERIVATIVE OF A PRODUCT OF FUNCTION.

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2. Find with respect to 𝑥 𝑦 = (𝑥2−3𝑥 + 5)(2𝑥 − 7)

DERIVATIVE OF A QUOTIENT FUNCTION

1. Differentiate 𝑦 = (𝑥2−5)4 with respect to 𝑥 using chain rule.

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NOTE: Educator should solve more examples for students

1. find the derivatives of the following functions:

GLOSSARY OF TERMS / KEY WORDS / VOCABULARY:

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PUZZLES / BRAIN TEASER:

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(a) Differentiation of Implicit Functions.

(b) Application of Differentiation

Students should be able to:

1. Find the derivative of implicit function;

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Learners are familiar with different rules of differentiation.

SUB-TOPIC 1: IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

Functions which have their derivatives in terms of 𝑑𝑦 −4𝑥 2

from 𝑥 to different side. Such functions are called 2. If 𝑦4+𝑦3𝑥4−3𝑥2= 5, find 𝑑𝑥

Differentiate the following:

SUB-TOPIC 2: APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION

(x1, y1) = Point on the line