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We observe that in the 1970s there was a clear dominance by the industry sector (with a share greater
than 50%). Hence, as the size of the problem grows, it becomes increasingly difficult for exact
methods to provide an optimal solution in reasonably low computing times. Each kind has its special
purpose and particularities. You won’t also write a literature review originally without flexible
thinking and new approaches. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). Free Cooling: A Complete
Solution on Reducing Total Energy Consumption for Te. The estimation of household energy
consumption used doublelog model and the estimation of intensity of final energy per capita used
linearlog model. The author discusses the main reason that simply multiplying the country's expected
per capita consumption by its population doesn't necessarily lead to a good estimate for potential
demand, and why this is an important consideration in the global business environment. The priority
can be carbon or fossil sources of energy or non-carbon sources of energy. Therefore, several
approaches have been offered in the literature that would help with energy savings in rail operations.
Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals. However, with
rising demand and frequent service, especially in the case of metro systems, there are opportunities
to minimize the use of energy in rail transportation. Pachauri, S. (2004). An analysis of cross-
sectional variations in total household energy requirements in India. Direct questionnaire surveys
were performed in order to obtain general information tha. Generally, energy consumption of a
country is determined by its population, such that, the higher the population, the higher the energy
consumption. The sub-problems are difficult to solve already, making their combination an even
more challenging problem. First, the problem is decomposed into clustering and routing stages.
Again, a GA is shown to provide energy savings of about 15%. BP statistical review of world
energy, June 2011. 24 January. 2012. Spatial Profiles and Determinants of Multidimensional Energy
Poverty in Rural. With respect to electric vehicles, their popularity continues to grow rapidly.
Swisher, J.N., Jannuzzi, G.M., and Redlinger, R.Y. (1997), Tools and Methods for Integrated
Resource. Applying the ideas and concepts you have encountered in the module, in no more than
1,500 words altogether, answer each of the following three questions, based on the ideas in the case
study. The resulting model is solved with a non-dominated sorting GA, which was tested on a real-
life dataset obtained from the Beijing metro. Adherence to referencing styles requires a lot of time
and knowledge. To analyse the determinant factors of electricity consumption, direct and indirect
questionnaire surveys were conducted from November 2017 to January 2018 among 214 university
students. The model was applied to analyze data collected from households living in urban and.
Then, content is checked with advanced plagiarism detection tools to ensure a 100% Turnitin pass.
University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria Spatial Profiles and Determinants of Multidimensional Energy
Poverty in Rural. According to the authors’ expertise on the topics (i.e., optimization and simulation
techniques, as well as smart transportation and green logistics), a list of keywords was proposed by
each author.
Therefore, several approaches have been offered in the literature that would help with energy savings
in rail operations. An alternative approach to solve the optimal control problem is to convert it into a
nonlinear optimization model and solve the resulting model using nonlinear programming methods.
Therefore, it cannot be used to solve the energy-related optimization problems discussed in this
survey. A bi-objective optimization problem is developed, which simultaneously minimizes the taxi
time and fuel consumption. Therefore, flexible optimization algorithms that can capture these
changes and recommend the most efficient combination of transportation modes are needed.
Accordingly, the process of growth and industrialization has been gradually increasing the
dependence of world economies on energy. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more
about MDPI. Alternative energy solutions for the 21st century. 2011. 24 January. 2012. Energy
consumption share (%) by the end user in different regions in 2016. Their reports identify major
challenges for the transition to low emission models. As can be gleaned from the table, GAs
constitute the solution method of choice for both eco-driving and timetable optimization. The third
strategy is based on horizontal cooperation in road freight transportation. The resulting model is
solved with a non-dominated sorting GA, which was tested on a real-life dataset obtained from the
Beijing metro. Excellence is the thing we never sacrifice for anything. European Journal of
Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). The number of articles that apply
exact methods is limited. Profit Maximization via Energy Consumption Reduction in Cooperative
Resource. The primary result is that this trade-off is very sensitive to how the fuel-based objective
function is modeled. Table 8 shows a set of scientific articles that consider minimization of energy
consumption using OR methodologies. International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). They
implemented an iterated local search algorithm in order to obtain high quality solutions for the
cooperative scenario. As social awareness about the environmental risks of our modern economies is
increasing, sustainability is gaining momentum, and energy efficiency is receiving considerable
attention from practitioners and academics. A routing and scheduling problem, called the k -quickest
path problem with time windows, is solved with a population-based algorithm, which allows the
analysis of the trade-off between taxi time and fuel consumption. To see how EC affects and change
HDI an alternative New HDI is also introduced by incorporating energy consumption along with
existing indices included in tHDI. In all the considered transportation modes, similar trends can be
observed: (i) the incorporation of richer and more realistic optimization problems, including time
windows in transportation deliveries as well as other real-life conditions (disruptions, speed limits,
etc.); (ii) the consideration of multiple objectives, including transportation cost, CO. They proposed a
stochastic cooperative scheduling approach with the goal of maximizing the utilization of
regenerative energy. In 2013, the total final energy consumption was projected to be 0.55 MTOE in.
Some of these models and solution approaches have been able to produce results that could have a
noticeable impact on current and future real-life transportation activities. The priority can be carbon
or fossil sources of energy or non-carbon sources of energy. Among the identified characteristics are
the growing use of richer and more realistic models, the consideration of multi-objective problems,
and the increasing inclusion of realistic conditions, which include dynamic and uncertainty
components.
The competitive fuel prices are some of the determinants of fuel consumption by 2050. Finally, they
showed how their proposed methodologies can outperform some previously published results. They
designed a simulated annealing algorithm to solve the optimal timetable. The new model shows
about 20% energy savings compared to the current practice. A bi-objective optimization problem is
developed, which simultaneously minimizes the taxi time and fuel consumption. Where EC is the
energy consumption for cooking (TOE), Ni,j is the number of households with cooking. According to
the survery data, the total household energy consumption in the urban and rural areas for the case.
Hence, the combined effects of the previous factors have to be considered when evaluating energy-
efficiency measures. Starting is the hardest thing, especially if it’s a literature review. Energy
consumption. Efficiency conservation. 2011. 24 January. 2012. The review is built on the existing
literature by distinguishing the appropriateness of the usage of different empirical methods for
collecting the data on the influence of specific groups of factors. Gas consumption is a leading
household commodity in the U. They implemented an iterated local search algorithm in order to
obtain high quality solutions for the cooperative scenario. They proposed an improved artificial bee
colony optimization algorithm and compared its performance with the CPLEX solver and a GA. 5.3.
Integrated Approaches Observing the benefits of eco-driving and timetable optimization approaches,
several researchers have looked at the integration of these two approaches as a way to achieve
further energy savings. Notice that accurate demand prediction has been a big concern among
academics. However, there is a series of negative externalities associated with this economic boom.
A routing and scheduling problem, called the k -quickest path problem with time windows, is solved
with a population-based algorithm, which allows the analysis of the trade-off between taxi time and
fuel consumption. Finally, the results show that about 8% of the total final energy consumption can
be saved form the BAU. Nevertheless, some horizontal cooperation approaches employ the ideas
behind the multi-depot VRP (i.e., the classical VRP considering more than one depot). In particular,
the following information is provided: the paper reference, the associated transportation mode, the
mathematical model related to the energy optimization process, and the energy savings (in
percentage) achieved via the solving procedure. This algorithm performed well with real-life data
from the Zurich airport. Pachauri, S. (2004). An analysis of cross-sectional variations in total
household energy requirements in India. Among the identified characteristics are the growing use of
richer and more realistic models, the consideration of multi-objective problems, and the increasing
inclusion of realistic conditions, which include dynamic and uncertainty components. This section
provides the result of survey data for energy consumption from the household sector of urban and.
In conclusion, the era of cheap fuel ended and it is not expected to change in the future. Experts
make accurate citations, use current books, and derive conclusions from them. The first one is solved
by a branch-and-cut algorithm, while the second one is solved by a branch-cut-and-price algorithm.
The results show that the net energy consumption can be reduced by up to. The first step, which
focuses on the packing of goods, solves a. Nobody wants to have their reputation damaged by a
written literature review that contains plagiarism.
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Energy use and emissions largely
depend on several factors, including technologies, fuels, vehicle operation, demand, demographics,
and road design. Moreover, there are different sources of energy used globally including coal, natural
gas, petroleum, nuclear, hydropower, and non-hydropower renewable (U.S department of energy
p9). Starting is the hardest thing, especially if it’s a literature review. Despite the above estimates by
the independent statistics and analysis, the world suffered recession between 2008 and 2009, and
has thereafter experienced slow growth, while the levels of unemployment continue to grow. We will
provide you with a review written with fresh opinions on sources and significant academic worth.
United Nations Office to Support the International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015
Profit Maximization via Energy Consumption Reduction in Cooperative Resource. Across the globe,
both freight transportation and passenger-mobility activities have been on the rise. This two-level
optimization model is solved by a GA, which is shown to offer energy savings of about. Energy is
important to the world, as human beings require energy at home, work, and church or in school.
There’re so many frauds out there, so security concerns are healthy concerns. Simulation allows us to
mimic the behavior of a process or system and gain more insight about it. To accommodate for this, it
is important to use a coefficient Ri, j to modify as follows. In particular, and related to our third
research question, many energy-related optimization research opportunities are still to be explored.
From this list, the following keywords were finally selected: transportation systems, optimization
problems, efficient fuel consumption, energy-related optimization, intelligent algorithms,
sustainability, road transportation, rail transit systems, maritime transportation, and air transportation.
The novelty of the study resides in the factors considered in the panel analysis as well as in the
combination of the analysis methods: the panel data analysis and the bibliometric analysis. Impact of
carbon tax levy on electricity tariff in thailand using computable. The timetable optimization problem
has mostly been modeled as an integer programming model or a mixed integer programming model.
In addition, biofuels may also be considered to power vehicles by 2050. Myanmar. In 2011, 76% of
a total primary energy supply of 14.056 MTOE was fulfilled by biomass, followed by. After
incorporating the energy component in New HDI, most of the countries HDI value slipped except
few developed countries. Finally, a distinction can be made among different studies according to the
solution method employed. Energy consumption share (%) by the end user in different regions in
2016. Hence, the combined effects of the previous factors have to be considered when evaluating
energy-efficiency measures. Those algorithms are gaining more importance in the transportation
literature because of the increasing complexity and size of real-life transportation systems. In this
paper, we focus on heuristic-based approaches that are used to solve energy-related transportation
problems in freight road, passenger rail, maritime, and air transportation. They proposed an improved
artificial bee colony optimization algorithm and compared its performance with the CPLEX solver
and a GA. 5.3. Integrated Approaches Observing the benefits of eco-driving and timetable
optimization approaches, several researchers have looked at the integration of these two approaches
as a way to achieve further energy savings. Similarly, the latter authors extended the energy
minimization problem by incorporating demand and traveling time uncertainties into the original
problem. The pool of writers on this platform encompasses experts in every literature review type.
Due to rapid economic growth, structural changes in Myanmar’s society have led to a pattern of
increasing. Significant differences arise depending on the region.
Table 2. Projection of percent share of household and income classes in urban and rural areas in
Myanmar. If this can be achieved, the process gains efficiency, and energy consumption is reduced.
The aim of this study was analysis of the household energy use patterns in different consumer
categories and. The results favor the ant colony algorithm over the GA because the latter is not able
to converge to good solutions in instances with large trip times. One of the challenges is the need for
capacity extensions to match supply and demand. Finally, there are studies that combine two
heuristic approaches to obtain an improved timetable. Similarly, the latter authors extended the
energy minimization problem by incorporating demand and traveling time uncertainties into the
original problem. This algorithm performed well with real-life data from the Zurich airport. One
drawback of simulation, however, is that it is not an optimization method itself. Energy use and
emissions largely depend on several factors, including technologies, fuels, vehicle operation, demand,
demographics, and road design. Writing service experts are ready to make it, considering the
peculiarities of your educational stage. Every writer holds a degree and knows authoritative literature
in their subject. This procedure was tested on a case study, showing that the inclusion of the delay
factor provides energy savings of up to 14%. Nevertheless, some horizontal cooperation approaches
employ the ideas behind the multi-depot VRP (i.e., the classical VRP considering more than one
depot). However, there is a counterpart: the maritime sector is a major contributor to the greenhouse
effect. Some noteworthy energy-related companies also develop their own reports. The heuristic is
combined with a dynamic programming procedure, which leads to efficient solutions for large
instances. The goal here is to minimize the total time and the fuel burnt. Similarly, the share of oil
within transportation will decline to around 85% by 2040, down from the current 94%. This way,
they can benefit from mutual cooperation. Figure 6. Annual total final energy consumption of
income classes of the rural household sector. The results show that the net energy consumption can
be reduced by up to. The approach was shown to yield about 13% energy savings, and resulted in
the redesign of the current ATO speed profiles. Although technological advancements and alternative
fuel usage are heavily implemented to gain energy efficiency, designing more efficient operational
procedures can achieve the same objective at a much lower cost (i.e., without investing in new
technologies). The percent share of medium-income households was 65.80% of. Energy is a scarce
and costly resource, which cannot always be produced from renewable sources. The results show
that this approach can decrease total energy consumption by. Scientific articles quantifying the
impact of OR methods on energy consumption. Between 1995 and 2015, freight transportation
activities in the USA increased about. Relevant literature in energy-related railway transportation
optimization based on the employed heuristic method (GA, Genetic Algorithm; NS, Numerical
Simulation; ACO, Ant Colony Optimization; TS, Tabu Search; ANN, Artificial Neural Networks;
PSO, Particle Swarm Optimization; SA, Simulated Annealing; SIA, Swarm Intelligence Algorithm;
DP, Dynamic Programming) and strategy adopted.
You’re guaranteed smooth cooperation with a writing service expert who matches the requirements
for your literature review. Myanmar was calculated as about 50% from the year 2020 to 2030 in this
study. I was initially skeptical and doubtful that the work could be done as requested. Where Ri,j is
the ratio of average input power in actual operation to the power rating of an appliance i in income.
That’s why we’ve introduced relevant additional features: “Top Writer” (one of the top-30) and
“Premium Writer” (one of the top-10). Hence, as the size of the problem grows, it becomes
increasingly difficult for exact methods to provide an optimal solution in reasonably low computing
times. Nevertheless, some horizontal cooperation approaches employ the ideas behind the multi-
depot VRP (i.e., the classical VRP considering more than one depot). The fuzzy parameters help to
capture the uncertainty in manual driving operations. Figure 1. Final Energy Consumption by Sector
in Myanmar (2011). They took into account the time-varying traffic congestion because of its huge
impact on emissions and on fuel consumption. Spatial Profiles and Determinants of Multidimensional
Energy Poverty in Rural. Therefore, these countries shall all enact energy policies that encourage
efficiency on how people use the energy, ranging from electricity consumption, use of appliances as
well as the mode and type of transportation and fuel respectively. These alternatives are formulated
on the basis of disruptive geopolitical or economic events, i.e., economic growth or recession, and on
the effects of energy prices and different public policies related to energy regulations. Notice,
however, that one of the original contributions of our survey is that it provides a more holistic
perspective by reviewing different transportation modes and extracting insights from this cross-
modal analysis. Section 8 discusses results in terms of energy savings and reduction of CO. Energy
consumption has been steadily growing with each passing year, hence increasing the dependence on
energy even further. These authors also take into account both pick-ups and deliveries. A GA,
combined with an allocation algorithm, is devised to solve this model. In 2020, the reduction amount
was projected to be about 0.05 MTOE. Issues with the academic writing style and field-specific
terminology just make matters worse. This essay will discuss the current global energy consumption,
the forecasted consumption by fuel for 2050, and the new sources for energy and fuel. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). Weisheng, 2008). In the air
conditioning system, it is difficult to determine the accurate electricity consumption. Further, the
percent shares of household income growth rate were 1.16% for. Science, Technology and Medicine
Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts. References U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 2018.
Available online: (accessed on 28 January 2020). The third strategy is based on horizontal
cooperation in road freight transportation. Moreover, to process a large amount of information, we
debugged the references by applying a filter to the articles according to their abstract descriptions.
The table also illustrates to what extent optimization methods can help to reduce energy consumption
in different transportation modes. In this study, we focused on energy consumption in the household
sector for both urban and rural areas in.