Title: Mastering the Art of Writing a Renewable Energy Literature Review

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wind power to hydroelectric and biomass energy, each aspect demands thorough examination to
grasp its significance and contribution to the renewable energy sector.

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relevance, reliability, and credibility of sources adds another layer of complexity to the process.

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literature review. It requires the ability to identify key themes, trends, debates, and gaps in existing
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The flexible cost can estimate the labor cost and fee of vessels when the WECs are installed into the
sea location; it can even calculate the total expenditure on the WECs when each device cost is
provided in the wave farm project. However, they did not explain the value of TGR comparing the
IR from the financial feasibility perspective. Ramadan et al. discuss the economic evaluation of new
regulatory tariffs for renewables in Egypt. Their next merit is the writing techniques they practice.
The authors summarize that despite the degrowth potential of these local energy projects, their
prospects are limited to revitalizing local economies and empowering local communities. This is
represented with a coefficient value, and the most sensitive variable is located at the top of the Y-
axis. This study examines the influence of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption on
economic development, distinguishing between manufacturing and service growth. The reason could
be the local interest to fulfill the goal of the European Union of Renewable Energy development and
the relatively high economical level of these European islands in comparison with others, which
favors RES deployment. If we would consider the recent 5 years, the outcome of the review process
may vary. Neural networks are used to predict wind turbine generation. For example, interest accrues
during both the CP and LP, and the former one is frequently prolonged. Regarding substantive
sustainability, and for the purpose of this paper, the second approach is used in order to identify how
a specific renewable energy project influences the economic, social and environmental dimensions of
the sustainability of a given island. Due to cost characteristics and aggregation structure of sub-costs,
different measurement methods should be used to calculate them. When the CAPEX at year t is
finished, the AEP simultaneously increases with the linear times. So, the LCOE can reflect the
technical advancement and continually propel the technological development of WECs; it can also
optimize the cost structure of the wave energy project and help to find the available cost reduction.
4. Methodology The LCOE is widely used to compare the cost advantage and then decide the choice
of investment scheme. With an integrated EPC approach, vital components like concept
development, geotech, permitting and site optimization are planned for and designed with
constructability in mind, creating less unpredictability when it comes to budget and installation costs.
Because 70 percent of this modern renewable energy is hydropower, the remaining sources
contribute less than one percent. DMS can also be used to provide the needed functionality for
consumers to control their appliances once required. There is an obvious conflict between the high
consumption and the emissions of fossil fuels and requirement of carbon neutrality. Its OPEX and
AEP without discount occur every year with five times the original data. Biomass is the least
intermittent RES, while the major differences in hydro production occur from year to year or season
to season. In parallel, the socio-economic traits, the know-how status, the technological maturity, the
geo-morphologic conditions, and the well-being aspirations of each nation to its citizens consist also
significant motives of energy-mix-schemes adaptation to a national level of analysis. Given the
relative scarcity of fuel sources in transport compared to electricity generation and the fact that this
sector is highly dependent on oil (which makes islands highly exposed to energy supply risks), this is
a serious omission. Therefore, government financial incentives will be necessary. This, in turn,
increases the greenhouse effect gases. Figure 3 presents a summary of the energy management
methodologies used for the MGs based on the above-reviewed literature. This enables consumers to
control their energy usage and ensures more accurate billing. It’s an environmental nightmare in
every way other than carbon emissions, to say nothing of its wretched economics and dodgy politics.
On the other hand, in Replay attacks, antagonists maliciously contaminate the valid data. In fact, the
breakdown of wave energy cost may generally be conducted in a similar manner, but the measurable
cost element of the cost centers can change under different assumptions.
This island now generates more than four percent of renewable energy from 0% four years ago.
More often, the former is planned beforehand, whereas the latter is unforeseen, and consumers will
not be able to take any precautions to alleviate the problem. These clear differences among three
energy sources provide better comparison with the calculated financial results between the LCOE
approach and the financial model. Alotaibi, I.; Abido, M.A.; Khalid, M.; Savkin, A.V. The
foundation of this study is formed over the reconstruction and modification of regional emissions
and examining aspects such as energy, efficiency, and usage, in addition to the prospect of having a
regional development outline. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the theoretical and
empirical literature on the contribution of RES to the energy sustainability of islands, focusing on the
main results and the methodologies used. On the other hand, the Average DSCR (ADSCR)
calculates the project owners’ ability to repay the loan overall. When the scale of the wave project is
carried out by a one-time investment, its output is confirmed during the operation span. Renewable
energy has the potential to reduce that amount to 39%, as well as the sector’s overall CO 2
emissions by 8%, SO 2 by 3%, and NOx by 4%. For greening growth and meeting sustainable
development goals (SDGs), increasing the amount of renewable energy in the energy resources mix
and reducing and reducing the material consumption utilized for energy generation is critical (
Baniya, Giurco, and Kelly 2021 ). The authors suggested an automatic migration of a database from
the Resource Description Framework (RDF) to a graph storage engine. That’s why we’ve introduced
relevant additional features: “Top Writer” (one of the top-30) and “Premium Writer” (one of the top-
10). Furthermore, the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model ( Koengkan, Fuinhas, and Marques
2019 ) has examined the relationship between financial openness, renewable and non-renewable
energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in 12 Latin American countries. Multiple
requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. Ibiza (Spain). Available online: (accessed
on 20 October 2009). Kassels, K. Energy evolution: renewable energy in the Galapagos Islands.
Author Contributions MB: conceptualization, methodology, resources and software,
writing—original draft, and supervision. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA).
Under these circumstances, NPP projects cannot be economically competitive without other
countries’ financial support. IRR and DSCR values of Coal, Wind, and Nuclear with 0% and 3%
TGR. The AMI provides the necessary information for consumers to make intelligent decisions and
the ability to execute those decisions that lead to substantial benefits they do not currently have.
Should perform dynamic optimization of grid operation continuously. Proceedings of the 4 th
WSEAS International Conference on EMESEG 2011:107-110. However, the more powerful wind
resources found above deeper coastal waters and farther out at sea have largely gone untapped. IR is
closely related to the TGR in that both of the rates move coupled. So, the results should be
reexamined by the commercial consideration and business activities. On the contrary, in smart grids,
a wide range of data needs to be allocated and stored. American Society of Agricultural and
Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2012, ASABE 2012, 1: 715-723. It makes the
challenges described above all that much more difficult. At the same time, increased economic
growth and CO 2 emissions in the area, particularly in Bangladesh, stimulate the use of renewable
energy ( Murshed 2021 ). Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or
recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive.
Economic Impact Analysis of Wave Energy: Phase One; Oregon Wave Energy Trust: Portland, OR,
USA, 2009; Available online: (accessed on 2 July 2022). Klure, J.; Dragoon, K.; King, J.; Reikard,
G.; Ventures, P.E. Wave Energy Utility Integration: Advanced Resource Characterization and
Integration Costs and Issues. According to Doytch and Narayan (2021), renewable energy boosts
economic growth. These allow the identification of economic and social relationships which are
hidden in quantitative studies. Different researchers have proposed metaheuristic techniques to solve
the problem of optimization due to multi-constraints, multi-dimensional, and highly nonlinear
combinatorial problems. Other authors presented stochastic dynamic programming methods for
optimizing the energy management problem with multidimensional objectives. We researched the
most effective protective measures and put them into practice, which made our platform riskless. For
example, NPPs, with the longest CP (7 years) induce more interest and yield a late operation revenue
after the construction competition. Lack of interconnections with the mainland (whether electrical or
through oil pipelines) makes them more vulnerable in this regard. The financial feasibility gets worse
if the IR increases especially under the circumstances with the enormous OCC and a long CP. In
Figure 2, red graphs mean ADSCR values during the adjusted LP while blue ones mean during OP.
A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Smart Grids: A Sustainable Future with
Renewable Energy Resources. To begin, click the purple email icon to send this author a private
email. And at what cost might longer-duration technologies compete. As nuclear has the longest OP
which leads to the yield of revenue for a long time, TGR plays a very important role in this sense.
RES can contribute to the needs of the transport sector in two manners: through the production of
biofuels and through production of electricity to fuel electric cars. Understanding the cost of wave
energy technology is crucial to ensure that it is competitive in the electric power market and to help
make appropriate business decisions. With Visa and Mastercard checkout options, your payments for
service are out of danger. One of the prime movers in this energy transformation is the rapid
advancement in battery storage technologies. This is why nuclear power has the lowest Project IRR
value among three generations. The LCOE, which implies both technical and non-technical
characteristics to evaluate the economic performance of the wave energy project, must be studied so
as to support researchers, investors, project managers, and policy makers in project decisions, even if
the different wave energy technologies are still being developed in small-scale marine tests or in the
laboratory. The small towns of Postmasburg and Groblershoop lie between Upington and Kimberley.
The TGR plays a strong role in the revenue side, while the IR does so on the cost side. Also,
unpublished studies from Addis Ababa digital library were identified. We deducted the articles
unrelated to the topic content from this initial screening. Moreover, these enhanced DSCR values can
shorten the LP again, as was the case with the LP effect, which eventually yields better Equity IRR
values. The battery plays a significant role in the storage of grid power during off-peak periods and
supply of power to the customers during peak demand. Journal of Functional Morphology and
Kinesiology (JFMK). Chosen sites need to balance fuel generation, proximity to a transmission line
and that line’s available capacity. When the scale of the wave project is carried out by a one-time
investment, its output is confirmed during the operation span. Distribution of SAIDI and SAIFI
indices and the saturation of the MV network with remotely controlled switches. First of all, this
study briefly introduces the concept of LCOE and financial model in background section.
This consensus-based validation procedure was conducted through meetings. T. Download Free PDF
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Lack of interconnections with the mainland (whether electrical or through oil pipelines) makes them
more vulnerable in this regard. The assumptions in the previous section is based upon a 0% TGR,
which means that the TGR effect is not considered. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get
the best experience. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that
they believe will be particularly. The government attempts to close the gap between supply and
demand for electricity by installing short-term power plants, coal-fired power plants, and importing
from neighboring nations. Since we are aware of it, writing specialists complete every review from
scratch. The major technical parameters of the WECs are the original assumptions shown in Table 7.
It can suggest to technology developers that the prior array of devices and design of certain
components and subsystems will help WECs to achieve a high-level output. Meanwhile, the Equity
IRR is calculated by considering principal and interest, and also is referred to as the Return of
Equity (ROE). This can clearly show the way the TGR influences the financial model’s financial
results. In the above study, the authors used a CPLEX algorithm developed by IBM. Please note that
many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Literature
Review of Renewable Energy Policies and Impacts. The author also anticipated that private
ownership of OTEC-dedicated production facilities and of commercial OTEC power plants is not
likely to materialize independently of some government involvement, at least in the early commercial
stages. A decentralized controllable protocol was developed to suppress active and reactive power
fluctuations of renewables. Especially, OCC becomes the 1st sensitivity input variable, in that
operating profit per OCC is the highest in coal power. The objective of demand response programs is
to flatten the load pattern either by consumption reduction during peaking hours or by shifting part
of the loads to off-peak periods. The ultimate source of data is the so-called advanced metering
infrastructure (AMI) that retrieves the information from end-users’ premises. For nuclear, the CP
becomes a highly sensitive variable. This covers two main areas, namely (1) the optimal usage of
storage, and (2) improvement of user participation via demand response mechanisms and other
collaborative methods. The wave energy project is impacted by these factors as well. Second, cluster
analysis is used to identify trends. Local data were collected with survey door to door covering all
the households in all the five villages at Neil Island In this paper, a study is carried out on the SD of
renewable energy sources aimed at fulfilling the energy demands of a remote island. If you’d also
rather trust an expert than write an overview yourself, there’s good news. For example, activities
such as renewable energy deployment, which are an alternative to traditional agriculture, should be
encouraged. In the process of arraying the devices and operation of the WEC, the scale effect cannot
be ignored, which can reduce the LCOE. The OPEX corresponds to management activities, which
implies a learning curve effect. Seetharaman et al. (2019 ) believe technological, social, and
regulatory barriers hinder the development of RE development, but economic constraints do not
directly impact the outcome of renewable energy. The objective function presented in this study
minimizes the system losses and reduces the operating cost of the renewable resources, which were
used at different points of the MG.
According to the aforementioned statement, the present paper provides a four-fold overview upon:
renewables’ exploitation for energy production in the global and European contexts, as well as
biomass exploitation for electricity generation in a global-oriented and technology overview of the
relevant literature. Selected studies on the contribution of renewable energy sources to the
sustainable development of islands. Nevertheless, these preconditions of any energy mix introduced
signify the importance of developing mature renewable energy technologies, which could enable
sound and credible exploitation of any new-coming energy source, in the light of socio-economic
acceptability and environmental sustainability. First, the LCOE approach does not consider revenue,
and a high-interest rate usually correlates with the tariff growth rate. Equity IRR distributions of
Coal, Wind, and Nuclear under 0% and 3% TGR. Meanwhile, in Section 6, a case study is carried
out to compare the LCOE, which would affect the investment program. There is an obvious conflict
between the high consumption and the emissions of fossil fuels and requirement of carbon neutrality.
This study uses a three-stage decision framework based on the multi-criteria decision methodology
(MCDM) to assess and examine the risk factors of REIs in Turkey. In traditional grids, the load data
profiles are stored for load forecasting purposes, hence they do not require excessive data storage
capabilities. For instance, in Europe, the well-known principle “Cap and Trade” limits the total
amount of greenhouse gas productions from power plants and factories. If you’d also rather trust an
expert than write an overview yourself, there’s good news. Normally, CP has an enormous influence
on Project IRR values. Linking Economy, Society and Environment; Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development: Paris, France, 2008. The structure of a successful CPP mechanism
needs to be carefully designed since the CPP possesses more constraints compared to RTP. No one,
he said, has done that for getting above, say, 90 percent WWS. Percentage of the cost center towards
total cost of W2Pow technology. Thus, this is a burning question for the researchers, policy makers,
and related organizations whether introducing the renewable energy source would hinder or slow
down the economic growth. Second, cluster analysis is used to identify trends. According to the
aforementioned statement, the present paper provides a four-fold overview upon: renewables’
exploitation for energy production in the global and European contexts, as well as biomass
exploitation for electricity generation in a global-oriented and technology overview of the relevant
literature. This typically combines stochastic programming and control. Wang and Wang. (2020)
studied the non-linear behavior of aggregated and disaggregated renewable and non-renewable
energy consumption on GDP per capita in Pakistan. Emission cost of distributed generation based on
biomass is not considered. The problem is typically broken down into sub-problems that are optimally
solved. Equity IRR differs somewhat because it involves debt service. TABLE 2 TABLE 2. Factor
that effected through the renewable energy system. Coal energy positions between wind and nuclear
from the financial structure perspective. Equity IRR distributions of Coal, Wind, and Nuclear for
original and adjusted LPs at 7% IR. See other similar resources ?1.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY
NOW Save for later Not quite what you were looking for. These sub-costs of the CAPEX are
assumed to occur at time zero. The results imply that there is a U-shaped relationship between LCOE
and CAPEX.