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Because of such developments, many state, municipal, and private. However, the government has
also been known to promise for all the households of the respective country, which might have a
constant and reliable source of power within 2019 along with the expansion of the manufacturing
capabilities within the country. Finally, this study primarily explores the common obstacles of wind
energy development in developing countries. Within this framework, additional barriers emerged as
factors preventing individuals to invest in EE: “behavioural failures” 7. In some cases, it might be
enough to apply rough figures if these are modest. Nevertheless, least developed countries of African
continent have strong chances to overcome issues in the development in solar energy project.
However, in cases where quantification and monetisation of the benefits are difficult to do, the non-
energy benefits might instead be utilised as drivers; i.e., identified and ranked benefits can act as
drivers. With appropriate credit enhancement and regulatory and policy changes, the sector can
provide a high match with domestic institutional investors’ investment objectives. The analysis shows
that the degree of correlation ranges between ?0.006 and ?0.660, which has a low-to-medium
degree of correlation. A Systematic Literature Review of Methods for Improved Utilisation of the
Non-Energy Benefits of Industrial Energy Efficiency. Online Support Tools and Energy-Related
Investment Literacy. In The Application of Content Analysis in Nursing Science Research (pp. 49-
69). Springer, Cham. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD). Conceptual
model of the causality between barriers. As seen in Table 6, the publications approached the potential
of non-energy benefits differently. Therefore, even if observed, measured, and quantified at a
specific level, any attempt to generalise the values of non-energy benefits might encounter
challenges. Download citation Received: 07 July 2016 Accepted: 19 October 2016 Published: 26
October 2016 Issue Date: May 2017 DOI: Share this article Anyone you share the following link
with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently
available for this article. Interview personnel and other people who might have knowledge or
experience about how an implementation of the measure will affect processes, equipment, work
environment, external environment, etc. This study systematically reviews the academic literature on
non-energy benefits relating to methods for observation, measuring, quantification, and monetisation
of the benefits. For instance, it has been evidenced from the research on alternative energy sources
assignment that in Canada, the technology has been identified being the major barriers for
willingness for investing within the electricity which is wind-generated. Second, the lack of financial
incentives, special loans and prime rate, are the main reasons that cause the infrastructure
inadequacy, and the phenomenon compared to the remoteness of the site will be more evident in the
wind energy development in developing countries. From the research findings, it has been identified
herein alternative energy sources assignment that about 5-20% of the LDCs have currently
implemented solar energy projects such as Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, East Timor, Cambodia and much
more. Further studies are also needed on specific non-energy benefits to gather information about
whether and by how much the value of the benefits varies according to type of production, type of
firm, conditions in the firm, firm size, etc. Because of this it is essential to question whether
efficiency improvements can be made without changing the structure of the whole system. Table 2
compiles the time perspectives, i.e., before and after implementation, applied in the reviewed articles.
As an example, renovation projects that disregard potential distributional effects might yield the
“renoviction” effect: lower class households are more likely to live in energy-inefficient houses (
Poortinga et al., 2003 ) but after renovation they become less affordable, and households are forced
to dislocate to more affordable but less efficient housing ( Grossmann, 2019 ). Feature papers are
submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive.
Another important alternative source of energy is Biomass which is also popular similar to the
Hydropower. How might alternatives to standards, such as appliance labels or. According to an
estimate, the grants enabled an average energy performance improvement of 24% per home, leading
to more than 2.1 Mt reductions of greenhouse gas emissions per year (63 Mt reduction between 2011
and 2041).
Therefore, in the future design of models for the mapping and evaluation of non-energy benefits,
transparency will be important. Non-Technical Barriers to Energy Efficient Renovation of Residential
Buildings and Potential Policy Instruments to overcome Them—Evidence from Young Russian
Adults. This indicates how little international research about energy-efficiency of Russian buildings
has been done, highlighting the pioneering work done in this paper. Mplus and SmartPLS output for
standardized direct, indirect and total effects. Industrial electricity use characterized by unit
processes: A tool for analysis and forecasting. Monetise the observed non-energy benefits based on
the quantification conducted. However, as opposed by Higueras-Castillo et al., (2019), lack within
the physical facilities is also a concern for the distribution and transmission networks along with the
equipment as well as necessary services regarding the power organisations, which is a major
challenge of infrastructure for the least developed countries for the development of renewable
energy. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. International Journal of
Translational Medicine (IJTM). Therefore, in order to double confirm the goodness-of-fit between
the final model and the observed data, this study applied the method of partial least squares (PLS) to
conduct the path coefficient estimates and significance tests. Third, considering PPA’s (P2) impact
over site availability (E1) and based on the previous theoretical assumptions, wind energy
development will require a long and wide ranging occupation of land and time. Non-Technical
Barriers to Energy Efficient Renovation of Residential Buildings and Potential Policy Instruments to
overcome Them—Evidence from Young Russian Adults. This is important to the researcher for
identifying li gap of the literature and this gap area has been focused in the current research study.
Qualitative and quantitative methods in libraries, 3(3), pp.619-626. Wind systems work more
appropriately on barren lands or on the large building and windbreaks (Tucho and Nonhebel, 2017).
Furthermore, education level of different least developed nations including Burundi, Zimbabwe are
not very high and this is why alternative energy based technologies cannot be implemented
successfully. As an example of this thought is the quote: “ Everything depends on the government.
Previous Article in Journal A Liquid Inorganic Electrolyte Showing an Unusually High Lithium Ion
Transference Number: A Concentrated Solution of LiAlCl 4 in Sulfur Dioxide. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, pp.1070-1081. In this study, participants ranked the barriers and
drivers (based on their perception) on a Likert scale, “1” being “Not important at all” to “5” being
“Very important”. It can also be confirmed that the four paths would not significantly affect the
overall model interpretation on the investment cost (C2). Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition
Disease (GUCDD). Other disappointments in energy conservation may also be due to. Indeed,
whether the price of energy is high or low, controlled and reduced energy consumption will naturally
improve operators’ margins. When comparisons are made with different currencies, typical exchange
rates at a corresponding time were used.) of different holistic energy-efficient renovation concepts of
a residential district in Moscow. The theoretical model is used to represent the interaction between
the obstacles. However, large-scale deployment of energy-efficient technologies is constrained by
several factors. However, the differences in the scores given to the barriers are rather small. The
findings of the research indicate that in the dry season the country can access an excess of solar
irradiance while the highest value is achieved in the month of July. Solar energy technology is used
to convert the solar irradiance to develop electricity.
The relative distribution among the articles by level of energy efficiency measures studied. In the
literature review section of alternative energy sources assignment, the review of the study conducted
by Rosas-Flores et al., (2016) indicates that the utilization of solar energy is not very popular among
the least developed countries due to the high level of investments required. Such a discussion is also
confirmed by the analysis results of this study. For instance, the government of Burundi has adopted
steps to set up solar plant and the country has aim to establish the plant having capacity 7.5 MW
(Renewable Energy World, 2020). Therefore, in the LDCs the emission reduction policy can be a
useful option to enhance the potential of utilizing alternative energy resources, including solar
energy. One way to achieve this is through increased energy efficiency. As an example, in warm
(cold) climates, it is key for a host to being able to keep their home cold(warm) ( Wilhite and
Lutzenhiser, 1999; Hitchings and Lee, 2008 ). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57,
pp.838-849. Furthermore, the benefits were also classified in another dimension, based on how
quantifiable they were. In the first part the respondents were requested to assess a set of barriers and
solutions to energy efficient refurbishment in Russia on an estimation scale. These initiatives
illustrated in the alternative energy sources assignment can also collaborate with the national;
regional and the local stakeholders for jointly identifying the opportunities for making the energy
services much more accessible along with being affordable regarding the productive uses and social
services like health and education as well as to promote the gender equality and empowerment of
women. Also, economic modernization (including energy efficiency improvements) seems unlikely
in the current political situation. Solar energy is the radiant heat and light sourced from the sun and
harnessed with the help of different emerging technologies like solar thermal energy, photovoltaic,
solar heating, solar architecture and solar power plants. The author in this research on alternative
energy sources assignment has explained the trends of solar irradiance in Burundi. Evidence
supporting the important role that building codes can have in reducing energy consumption of new
buildings can be found from Denmark. The author has further emphasized that the research approach
depends greatly on the nature of the research problem in particular research. For instance, in case of
Canada, technological barrier has been considered as main issue for investing in wind generated
electricity. As depicted by Munro et al., (2016), Sierra Leone is a country of Africa that has very low
access to electricity and under these circumstances, the help of International Finance Corporation
would enhance standard of living of Sierra Leone. The validity and reliability of the research on
alternative energy sources assignment are also explained in this chapter. Nevertheless, as opined by
Chernysheva et al., (2019), it can also involve the risk of missing the nuances within the data.
Households are an important focus for that effort. Until now. This indicates how little international
research about energy-efficiency of Russian buildings has been done, highlighting the pioneering
work done in this paper. To implement the wind farms large barren lands or tall building structures
are important to have. While these challenges might keep this call an unfulfilled project, practical
examples suggest that in some contexts there are examples of progress along these lines. The drivers
towards energy efficiency are emphasized in the second section of the questionnaire. It appears that
the national policy and wind intermittency lead to other obstacles, and all obstacles lead to the end
result of high investment cost. Author Contributions The authors jointly conceived, designed and
realized the interviews; Satu Paiho analyzed and categorized the literature for Table 1; Hannele
Ahvenniemi analyzed the interviews; the authors together wrote the paper. However, the same
instruments were not seen as the most feasible ones. In The Application of Content Analysis in
Nursing Science Research (pp. 49-69). Springer, Cham. The stakeholders also believe that significant
investment and fruitful policies from authorities for both implementation and awareness related to
energy efficiency are required for sustainability and relevant environmental considerations.
The aim of this paper is to study the hurdles and motivations (often considered as “barriers” and
“driving forces”) for efficient energy management practices in the non-energy-intensive industries of
Bangladesh in the manufacturing sector. A guiding scheme for the improved utilisation of industrial
non-energy benefits. Furthermore, the primary methods used to enable quantification and
monetisation of observed non-energy benefits were based on classifications, indexes in relation to
the energy savings, or frameworks. Journal of environmental management, 236, pp.639-648. Mplus
output for conceptual model of the causality between barriers. A Systematic Literature Review of
Methods for Improved Utilisation of the Non-Energy Benefits of Industrial Energy Efficiency.
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. In order to answer the question, this
study first focused on important developing countries over the most recent six year period, including
China, India, Vietnam, Pakistan and others (hereafter referred to as developing countries). As an
example, policy makers can recognise that certain groups of individuals are disproportionately
affected by the legacy of an unjust social structure (e.g. classes, identities) and thus advance more
justice-aware policies ( Sovacool et al., 2017 ). The following section illustrates how focusing on
social structures enables to capture the social construction of how individuals understand and
practice EE. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 62, pp.441-452. Solar energy is the radiant
heat and light sourced from the sun and harnessed with the help of different emerging technologies
like solar thermal energy, photovoltaic, solar heating, solar architecture and solar power plants. Figure
3 summarizes the main barrier types found in our literature review. In particular, there have been
attempts to nurture critical thinking - through the implementation of strategies fostering multi-
disciplinary collaborations across teams ( Pereira and Saltelli, 2017 ) and conversations challenging
current narratives. Lack of adequate financial resources is another limitation for completing this
secondary research, as due to the financial constraints the researcher was unable to collect
information from the paid journal articles. Conservation Service program offered homeowners
individualized energy. First, it presents sociology as an approach that complements the dominant
economic-behavioural science one, which policy makers can draw from to better define and address
the problems associated to EE. In Nordic countries, energy taxes, together with support for energy
efficient solutions have proven to be efficient. Households are an important focus for that effort.
Until now. The literature review has helped in identifying the four major sources of alternative
energy that are the fuel cells, solar energy, hydro power and biomass fuel. One issue mentioned
several times in the discussion was the lack of information, and it was suggested that people do not
make initiatives themselves and therefore improvements in information dissemination are needed.
Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals. As mentioned in
Unctad.org. (2020), the electricity access in the LDCs has increased from 12% to 38% until now,
from 1990. The implementation of solar energy technologies is very high in the initial stages. Hasan,
A. S. M. Monjurul, Rakib Hossain, Rashedul Amin Tuhin, Taiyeb Hasan Sakib, and Patrik
Thollander. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals. Next
Article in Journal Improved Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Two-Stage Predictions with
Artificial Neural Networks in a Microgrid Environment. As an example, the problem that citizens are
expected to make optimal consumption decisions for themselves and the environment can be
constructed by the institutionalization of individualizing approaches ( Batel et al., 2016 ). The
sociological perspective underlines that, having evolved to live in societies, individuals are not actors
that make decisions independently from their context, but “encultured” actors ( Hoff and Stiglitz,
2016 ). Figure 1 represents the initiatives taken by SREDA to implement energy efficient
technologies at the industries. Mello et al., (2019) has evidenced that wind energy is preferred over
solar power as the wind energy can be generated 24 hours a day to power the homes while the
availability of sunlight limits the development of solar energy. In order to be human-readable, please
install an RSS reader.
However, as the effectiveness of the alternative sources of energy such as solar energy is greater in
providing electricity in the LDCs, the adoption of these technologies is highly preferable (Kebede
and Mitsufuji, 2017). Funding The author has not received any funding for this research, it is part of
his job. The use of alternative technologies based on energy is known to be a necessity for the socio-
economic and physical development within urban and rural settings. Furthermore, the financial
support to provide operating capital, such as special loans and preferential interest rates, will help
construct the local infrastructure—the physical facilities such as roads and substations, transmission
grids and distribution networks set up in the early stages. Therefore, aside from strengthening the
national policies in establishing a suitable institutional framework, we recommend that policy-makers
should also emphasize the establishment of an economic assessment of available sites, a detailed
wind resource assessment and improved forecasting of technical applications. Energy efficiency in
Bangladesh industries is an unexplored area, particularly within the non-energy-intensive industry
area, where studies about the barriers and drivers of energy efficiency measures are scarce. However,
in the studies that have been reviewed in the literature review, it was evident that the use of
Hydropower is more popular among the LDCs. Based on the analysis of the Russian context and the
semi-structured interviews, also suggestions on the most effective instruments in Russia are given.
Also, low willingness of people to invest in energy efficiency is evident in the comment of one
interviewee: “When you renovate, you never think about the environment, you only think about the
money.” 3.4. Selected Policy Instruments to Overcome Barriers Figure 8 summarizes the key
findings of the paper showing the main barriers identified in the literature and policy instruments to
overcome the barriers, suggested by the authors. The last section was comprised of energy service
companies. The respondents felt that the level of interest is rather low although a few respondents
pointed out that a positive change is taking place. The company profile was asked at the beginning,
which included turnover, energy use, and workforce. Themes were developed based on the practice,
needs, beliefs and phenomenon discovered in the research. Notably, the European Union has
identified EE as a priority in the decarbonisation scenarios advanced in the Energy Roadmap 2050 3
and in the European Green Deal 4, where a 50% reduction of the final energy consumed is expected
compared to 2005. One expert pointed out the problems of laws and regulations which impedes
taking up renovation measures (for example a maintenance agreement has to be signed separately by
each inhabitant) but this expert did not expect this law to change. Next, by considering the statistical
significance of the paths, which represent the causality between barriers to the development of wind
energy in developing countries, there are some phenomena that deserve special attention. Author
Contributions Conception and design of study: NDV and PB. It has been further evidence in this
alternative energy sources assignment that the trend toward solar energy is enhancing due to the
limitations in the wind energy adoption (Ren, 2020). Bangladesh is the leading country in adopting
and applying solar energy technologies to provide electricity to the population. Therefore, as the
main objective to reduce the investment cost of wind energy, we found the equipment (T3) to be the
main direct cause for high investment costs. Previous Article in Special Issue Prototype Co-Pyrolysis
of Used Lubricant Oil and Mixed Plastic Waste to Produce a Diesel-Like Fuel. If this is not possible
or if they are not measurable, monetisation might be made by estimations. Journal of Functional
Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK). The students participated in a course with the focus on energy
efficient renovation in general and particularly in Russia. Therefore, to grasp all types of effects, a
case study methodology involving interviews conducted with people at various levels in the
organisation seems to be a relevant approach in studying them. Also, a questionnaire not allowing
assessing different options as equally important might have given more significant results. The aim
of the semi-structured interviews was to further study the issues which were identified in the survey.
The trend of energy usage is shifting from the wind and hydropower toward solar energy in many
countries including, Burundi, Ethiopia, Zambia, Sierra Leone and Bangladesh. The relative
distribution among the articles by level of energy efficiency measures studied. According to these
authors, productivity benefits led to larger monetary values than, for instance, employee morale and
satisfaction.
In order to identify the most effective economic instruments (such as fiscal instruments or direct
subsidies), more research within the Russian context is needed. It has been also identified that few of
the countries have accepted the target to achieve a 100% alternative energy in the electricity sector.
If this is not possible or if they are not measurable, monetisation might be made by estimations. It is
worth noting that despite the fact that the study clarifies that intermittency issues will not be the
main reason that hinders wind energy development in the developing countries, from a long-term
point of view, when intermittency issues improve per standard deviation unit, the investment cost
improves by 0.185 ? units, which is even higher than the amount of improvement resulting from the
national policies. Other suggested methods that can be applied to evaluate the potential of the non-
energy benefits include conservation supply curves, database tools, or methods based on various
forms of classification frameworks or rankings (see Section 4.4 ). If all the steps above are fulfilled,
the value of the non-energy benefits can be included in investment calculations or other calculations
to evaluate the benefits’ impact in planning the implementation of an energy efficiency
improvement. However, the importance of the public sector in boosting energy renovations was
repeatedly mentioned in the interviews and this suggests that programs could serve as effective
instruments in Russia if they would be supported by the public sector. The reviewed articles were
published between 1999 and 2018, and, as can be seen from Figure 3, half of them were published
between 1999 and 2005, and the other half were published between 2014 and 2018. Furthermore,
irrespectively of which perspective is taken, it is important to have a documented baseline; i.e., we
need to know the current conditions within the firm regarding aspects such as industrial processes,
production equipment, operation and maintenance, work environment, and emissions, in order to
forecast and estimate, or observe, the possible non-energy effects due to a planned or implemented
energy efficiency improvement. Google Scholar Frondel, M., and Lohmann, S. (2011). The European
Commission's Light Bulb Decree: Another Costly Regulation. This would also enable to better
explore the feasibility of such an interdisciplinary endeavour. A driver related to personal norms and
values is social norms. According to the theory of Normative Conduct ( Cialdini et al., 1990, 1991 ),
social norms operate through two distinct channels: descriptive (what most people do) and injunctive
(what ought to be done). The authors also explained that, if detailed characteristics of the benefits
were added into the tool, it would enable more precise calculations. This point of view is also
confirmed by Krupa, Praene et al. These initiatives illustrated in the alternative energy sources
assignment can also collaborate with the national; regional and the local stakeholders for jointly
identifying the opportunities for making the energy services much more accessible along with being
affordable regarding the productive uses and social services like health and education as well as to
promote the gender equality and empowerment of women. However, this review aimed to compile
the academic contributions in the research field. Findings of this study could assist the concerned
stakeholders to develop beneficial policies and a proper regulatory framework for the non-energy-
intensive industries of developing countries like Bangladesh. By using a narrative review approach,
this paper presented key energy-related social science concepts, to increase policy makers’ awareness
of complementary disciplinary resources, on which they can draw to better define and address the
problems associated to EE. The financial assistance from United Nations would help to enhance use
of solar energy in least developed countries. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for
the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads and
other embedded content are classed as non-necessary cookies. The researcher questions based on the
scenario of alternative energy sources assignment are framed and the structure of the dissertation is
presented to guide the readers regarding the content of each chapter. Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews, 82, pp.1-5. Next Article in Journal Adsorption of Paracetamol in Hospital
Wastewater Through Activated Carbon Filters. The company profile was asked at the beginning,
which included turnover, energy use, and workforce. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
57, pp.838-849. For time constraints, the researcher has collected data from a smaller sample size.
Publisher’s Note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and
the reviewers. There were no significant differences found between the two from the result of the
path coefficients that came from the comparison of different assessment methods and significant
estimates ( Table 4 ), and the explanatory power of the overall model on the variables ( Figure 4 and
Figure 5 ). ECEEE—European Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy; ACEEE—American
Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy; USA—United States of America; OECD—Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development; IBIMA—International Business Information
Management Association. It is noteworthy that the proposed development strategies described above
were based on a wide-angle point of view. The support toward the alternative energy sources is
getting strengthened in the developed country for ensuring the security of the energy supply and
mitigation of the negative influence on the environment (Lan-yue et al., 2017). However, in the
LDCs alternative energy sources are becoming favourable options to improve electricity access and
intensify the rural electrification.
Many articles deal with more than one primary topic. The thematic analysis of the collected data
indicates that the potential of solar energy in electrifying the rural as well as urban areas in the LDCs
are moderate while other alternative sources such as hydro-power, biogas, biomass fuels and wind
energy are comparatively high. Publisher’s Note All claims expressed in this article are solely those
of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the
publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Target is one of the approaches that the majority of the
LDCs are currently using for transiting the traditional energy consumption to alternative sources.
However, it is clear on this alternative energy sources assignment that the other alternative energy
such as the hydropower, wind energy, biogas, and tidal power has also been identified to be
beneficial in different seasons of the year. Practically, to make political decisions that are
scientifically valid and socially relevant, policy makers can initiate a reflexive process that closely
examines the paradigms of current policy agendas through the lenses of different social science
perspectives, with representatives of different social sciences disciplines. A Systematic Literature
Review of Methods for Improved Utilisation of the Non-Energy Benefits of Industrial Energy
Efficiency. In this fight against climate change, the pivotal role that energy efficiency (EE) plays is
recognised worldwide. Almost 79 developing and least developed countries have acknowledged the
importance of alternative energy sources and this is why the policy of technological transfer has
become more important to the developing countries (Hoffmann et al., 2019). Hence, it is clear on this
alternative energy sources assignment that development of the strategy of technological transfer
would help the least developed countries to enhance use of solar energy system. Hasan ASMM,
Hossain R, Tuhin RA, Sakib TH, Thollander P. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
(JCDD). The questionnaire used in the study is attached as a supplementary file. However, insights
from behavioural sciences suggest that individuals are not only sensitive to monetary incentives of
taxes and subsidies, but also to how these are framed. Secondary data collection method aims to
gather information from the already published sources such as books, journals, magazines, online
portals and newspapers. However, the author has also demonstrated that after the identification of
the negative influence of using the traditional energy sources such as wood, coal, petroleum for
home heating, cooking, food processing and electricity, LDCs are now focusing on the
implementation of the alternative sources of energy. The present study was aimed at the critical
analysis of the emergence of alternative energy sources especially the solar energy to provide
electricity to the populations of the LDCs. However, considering its expense for the energy of fossil
fuel systems as well as grid electricity, it has been evidenced in the alternative energy sources
assignment that the least developed countries like Zambia, have shifted to consumption of solar
energy as an alternative source of energy, for various purposes. Any cookies that may not be
particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data
via analytics, ads and other embedded content are classed as non-necessary cookies. The time
perspective applied in studying non-energy benefits in the reviewed publications in the area of non-
energy benefits in industry. Then, in Section 3, it introduces the sociological perspective as a
complementary perspective on which EE policy-makers can draw. This study identified their “
Inadequate capital expenditure ” and “ Other preferences for capital venture ” were the most critical
barriers. Questionnaires are typically a data collection method that gathers a lot of data at one time. A
few issues arose from this discussion: the role of the government, regulation and standards,
information dissemination and financial issues. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health (IJERPH). Within this approach, energy is not used for its own sake, but is part of
accomplishing practices, like keeping warm and cool, which people value as aspects of their
everyday life ( Warde, 2005 ). Calculation methods, databased tools, classification frameworks, and
ranking were applied to evaluate the benefits’ potential in relation to energy efficiency investments.
In SPE International Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition. On the other hand, in some of the least
developed countries, such as Zambia, the political disturbances has created turbulence in the
generation of energy and made renewable energy the most important solution to the increased
energy demand (Somorin et al., 2019). The extent of the solar energy is relatively lesser as compared
to the hydropower and wind energy in Zambia. Level of observed and reported non-energy benefits
in the reviewed publications in the area of non-energy benefits in industry. For example, in
developed countries, Loring explored the effects of four factors (public participation, network
stability, level of public acceptance and the success of planning), on wind energy planning in
England, Wales and Denmark.