Assignment on Proteins

1. The standard amino acid needed for protein synthesis is called essential amino acid which must be
supplied from dietary sources because the human body can’t synthesize.

2. The 10 essential amino acids are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine,
threonine, tryptophan and valine. Arginine is essential in growth of children. Histidine functions in the
body are anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-secretory. Isoleucine participates in growth, protein
metabolism, and improves immune system. Leucine promote protein synthesis and lower protein
degradation, especially in muscle tissue after physical damage. Lysine also participate in growth and has
a role in the production of carnitine. Methionine participates in growth and tissue repair. The essential
amino acid that treats medical conditions including skin disorders, depression and pain is phenylalanine.
Threonine partake in creating glycine and serine which are necessary for the production of collagen,
elastin, and muscle tissue. Tryptophan helps in making serotonin and melatonin which helps regulate
the sleep-wake cycle. Valine promotes muscle growth and tissue regeneration.

3. There are 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins namely glycine, alanine, valine, leucine,
isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, serine, cysteine, threonine, asparagine,
glutamine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, and arginine. Body uses glycine to
create proteins needed for growth and maintenance of tissue. Alanine is used to break down tryptophan
and an energy source for muscles and central nervous system. Valine promotes muscle growth and
tissue regeneration. Leucine promote protein synthesis and lower protein degradation, especially in
muscle tissue after physical damage. Isoleucine participates in growth, protein metabolism, and
improves immune system. Aside from protein synthesis, proline participates in metabolism, and
nutrition, as well as wound healing, antioxidative reactions, and immune responses. The essential amino
acid that treats medical conditions including skin disorders, depression and pain is phenylalanine.
Methionine participates in growth and tissue repair. Tryptophan helps in making serotonin and
melatonin which helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Serine is required for the metabolism of fats, fatty
acids, and cell membranes, muscle growth, and healthy immune system. Cysteine is a stabilizer for high-
order structure of the protein, or an active center for its bioactivity. It is also an antioxidant. Threonine
partake in creating glycine and serine which are necessary for the production of collagen, elastin, and
muscle tissue. Asparagine is a nontoxic carrier of residual ammonia to be eliminated from the body and
plays a role in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other proteins. Glutamine is an antioxidant that is
used in high doses to avoid vaso-occlusive crises in patients with sickle cell disease. Tyrosine is essential
in patients with phenylketonuria and for the production of neurotransmitters. Aside from protein
synthesis, aspartic acid is responsible for regulating hormones. Glutamic acid helps nerve cells in the
brain send and receive information from other cells. Histidine functions in the body are anti-
inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-secretory. Lysine also participate in growth and has a role in the
production of carnitine. Arginine is essential in growth of children.