AUTOMATIC ON-OFF INVERTER

GUIDANCE: - MR. SOUMEN GHOSH

OBJECTIVE OF INVERTER: -
An automatic inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)
without manual intervention. The objective of an automatic inverter is to provide
uninterrupted AC power to the load when the mains supply fails or is unavailable.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: -

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION OF INVERTER: -

• A DC power source, such as a battery or solar panel, an oscillator circuit, such as a
555 timer, that generates a square wave signal of the desired frequency (50Hz or
60Hz)
• A driver circuit, such as a transistor or a MOSFET, that amplifies the square wave
signal and drives the switching devices
• A switching circuit, such as a half-bridge or a full-bridge, that alternately connects
and disconnects the DC power source to the output transformer
• An output transformer, that steps up or steps down the AC voltage to the required
level
• A relay circuit, that detects the presence or absence of the mains supply and
switches the output between the inverter and the mains.
BLOCK DIAGRAM: -

RESULT: -
The result of using an automatic inverter is that you can power AC devices or appliances
from a DC source, such as a battery or solar panel. This can be useful for emergency
backup, renewable energy, or remote applications. Some benefits of using an automatic
inverter are:

• You can adjust the speed and acceleration of an AC motor, which increases the range
of applications and efficiency of the motor.
• You can reduce the voltage and current harmonics and total harmonic distortion
(THD) of the AC output, which improves the power quality and reduces the stress on
the devices.
• You can save energy and reduce the carbon footprint by using renewable sources,
such as solar or wind, to generate DC power and convert it to AC power.

APPLICATION: -

Some of the applications of automatic inverter are:

- **UPS units**: -
Automatic inverters are used to provide uninterrupted AC power to the load when the mains
supply fails or is unavailable.

- **LT plasma generators**:

Automatic inverters are used to generate low-temperature plasma for various purposes,
such as surface treatment, sterilization, or lighting.

- **AC motor drives**:

Automatic inverters are used to control the speed and torque of AC motors by varying the
frequency and voltage of the input power.
- **Switching devices**:
Automatic inverters are used to switch between different power sources or modes, such as
grid-tied, off-grid, or hybrid.

- **Induction motors for pumps and fans**:

Automatic inverters are used to improve the efficiency and performance of induction motors
that drive pumps and fans in various applications, such as irrigation, ventilation, or cooling.

FUTURE SCOP OF AUTOMATIC INVERTER: -

The future scope of automatic inverters is promising, as they can offer many
benefits, such as:
- Higher efficiency and power quality:
Automatic inverters can use advanced control techniques and wide-bandgap (WBG)
semiconductors to reduce losses, harmonics, and switching frequency, resulting in higher
efficiency and power quality.

- Higher voltage and power density:

Automatic inverters can operate at higher DC link voltages, such as 800 V, to reduce the
current and cable size, and enable extreme fast charging for electric vehicles². They can also
use multilevel topologies to increase the voltage and power ratings, and reduce the size and
weight of the inverter.

- Higher functionality and flexibility:

Automatic inverters can provide grid support functions, such as voltage and frequency
regulation, fault ride-through, and reactive power compensation, to enhance the stability and
reliability of the grid¹. They can also communicate and coordinate with other inverters and
devices to form virtual power plants (VPP) or microgrids, and provide energy and ancillary
services to the grid.

- Lower cost and environmental impact:

Automatic inverters can reduce the cost of energy production and consumption, by
improving the efficiency and performance of the system, and by enabling the integration of
renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind¹⁴. They can also reduce the
environmental impact of energy use, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and local
pollution.

Advantages: -

• They can provide continuous power to the load even when the main source
fails or fluctuates.
• They can reduce the energy consumption and cost by using the most efficient
or economical power source available.
• They can protect the load from voltage spikes, surges, or harmonics that may
damage the equipment or affect its performance.
 • They can extend the battery life by preventing overcharging or deep
discharging.

Disadvantages: -

• They may have lower efficiency than direct converters due to the multiple
conversions involved (DC to DC, DC to AC, or AC to AC).
• They may generate noise or electromagnetic interference that can affect
other devices or signals.
• They may require additional components or circuits, such as sensors, relays,
or switches, to perform the automatic switching function.
• They may have compatibility issues with some loads or sources that have
different voltage, frequency, or waveform characteristics.

CONCLUSION: -
Based on the current usage and benefits of automatic inverters, I can conclude that they are
useful devices that can improve the efficiency, quality, and reliability of power systems. They
can also enable the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, and
reduce the environmental impact of energy use. They can also offer new applications and
opportunities, such as electric vehicles, smart grids, and distributed generation.

GROUP MEMBER: -
RAMESH MONDAL
SHRABAN SINGHA
SOUMIK MAL
RAHUL SARKAR