Present tenses

forms formula usage example

+ V/V(s) 
 repeated actions;
+ She always drinks coffee

Present simple - don’t/doesn’t + V 


daily routines;

general truths;

- she doesn’t drink coffee

? Do/does + V timetables ? Does she usually drink coffee?

actions at the moment of speaking;

+ to be + Ving 
 plans for the near future; temporary + She is drinking coffee now

Present Continuous - to be (not) + Ving actions; “always” for repetitive

annoying actions; changing or
- she isn’t drinking coffee at the moment

? To be + Ving ? Is she drinking coffee this week?

developing situations

for past actions and still continuing;

+ have/has + V3/ed
 + She has already drunk 5 cups of coffee today

finished action with the result in

Present Perfect - haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed 
 present; unstated time in the past; - she hasn’t drunk any coffee since her youth

? Have/Has + V3/ed within a time period which is not ? has she ever drunk this type of coffee?
over at the moment of speaking

duration of a past action continuing + She has been drinking coffee all morning

+ have/has been + Ving 


Present Perfect 
 - haven’t/hasn’t been + Ving 

up to the present; a continuous
action started in the past (finished
- she hasn’t been drinking coffee for a year now

or continuing) with The visible ? has she been drinking much coffee? She’s so
Continuous ? Have/Has been + Ving
present result; annoyance or anger active