Writing a literature review on Bipolar Affective Disorder can be an incredibly challenging task.

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Affective Disorder has been studied for many years, resulting in a large body of literature. Sorting
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studies may have varying methodologies, sample sizes, and conclusions, making it crucial to assess
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Bipolar Affective Disorder.

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Bipolar Affective Disorder.
Group-based psychosocial intervention for bipolar disorder: randomised controlled trial. The role of
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in bipolar disorder: effectiveness in 522 patients with bipolar
depression, mixed-state, mania and catatonic features. Distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn
to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli), as reported or observed. Pharmacotherapy with mood
stabilizers, such as lithium, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics, is a first-line treatment that should
be continued indefinitely because of the risk of patient relapse. It can be used for emergent
situations, such as in patients with acute psychosis who have suicidal behavior. 60. Excessive
involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in
unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments). Goals of initial
treatment include adequate sleep and reduction of psychotic symptoms. Limitations: There was high
risk of selection, performance, and attrition bias in most studies. Major Depressive disorder
Dysthymic disorder Cyclothymia Bipolar II disorder Bipolar I disorder. A community lifetime
prevalence (in its broadest measure) of 4% has been suggested. A randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression. Interventions for
helping people recognise early signs of recurrence in bipolar disorder. A comprehensive literature
review Is treatment for bipolar disorder more effective earlier in illness course. A person viewing it
online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal,
non-commercial reference. Active lifestyle approaches include good nutrition, exercise, sleep
hygiene, and proper weight management. A community lifetime prevalence (in its broadest measure)
of 4% has been suggested. Treatment for bipolar disorder in adults: a systematic review. The target
audiences for these 2016 guidelines are psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Am Fam
Physician. 2012;85(5):483-493. Accessed May 19, 2020. Patients with acute mania require
hospitalization because of risk of harm to self or others. First admission or presentation is unlikely to
equate to first episode, because of the duration of untreated illness. The episode is not severe enough
to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization.
Novel complex interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder. Novartis; 2011. Updated March 2020. Accessed August 30, 2020. Anticholinergics for
neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia. Depression Bipolar disorder Anxiety. Depression. 10% of men
and 20% of women have Sx 2 nd most common condition by 2020. Prim Care Companion CNS
Disord. 2014;16(3) ):PCC.13r01609. Manic Episode. Persistently elevated,expansive or irritable
mood for at least a week Presence of at least 3 typical symptoms. Prim Care Companion J Clin
Psychiatry. 2010;12(suppl 1):17-22. Psychotherapy is a useful adjunct to pharmacotherapy.
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g.,
feels sad, empty, or hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). ( Note: In
children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.) Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or
almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or
observation). The target audiences for these 2016 guidelines are psychiatrists and other mental
health professionals. Depression in children and adolescents: screening; February 8, 2016.
Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective
account or as observed by others). Group-based psychosocial intervention for bipolar disorder:
randomised controlled trial. Five studies focused on comparisons between first and multiple
episodes, and the others on fewer vs more episode categories. A comprehensive literature review Is
treatment for bipolar disorder more effective earlier in illness course. The episode is not severe
enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate
hospitalization. Limitations: There was high risk of selection, performance, and attrition bias in most
studies. Table 6 lists tests that can be considered in the evaluation of patients with a suspected
bipolar disorder. 37 High-quality evidence supports the use of metformin for metabolic adverse
effects of treatment. 18. The episode is not attributable to the physiologic effects of a substance
(e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication, other treatment) or another medical condition. During the period
of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three (or more) of the following symptoms
(four if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant degree and represent a noticeable
change from usual behavior: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. The mood disturbance is sufficiently
severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate
hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features. A community
lifetime prevalence (in its broadest measure) of 4% has been suggested. Bipolar ii disorder consists
of depressive and manic episodes which alternate and are typically less severe and do not inhibit
function. Affective Disorders Issues. 1. Emotional states: adaptive and non-adaptive negative
emotionality 2. This decision inevitably requires the exercise of clinical judgment based on the
individual's history and the cultural norms for the expression of distress in the context of loss.
Benzodiazepines for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia. Actual cost will vary with insurance and by
region. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others; not merely
subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down). Relapse rates and risk factors of bipolar
disorder: conclusions of a naturalistic 4 year follow-up study. Note: A full hypomanic episode that
emerges during antidepressant treatment (e.g., medication, electroconvulsive therapy) but persists at
a fully syndromal level beyond the physiologic effect of that treatment is sufficient evidence for a
hypomanic episode diagnosis. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip
carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. You can download the paper by clicking
the button above. You may be either euphoric or irritable, but in either case. The primary step in the
management of bipolar affective disorder is to confirm the diagnosis of mania or hypomania and
define the patient’s mood state as the treatment approach differs significantly for. A randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression.
Treatment for bipolar disorder in adults: a systematic review. Although several agents are effective
for acute depression, quetiapine (Seroquel), cariprazine (Vraylar), lurasidone (Latuda) in combination
with lithium or valproic acid, and electroconvulsive therapy appear to be the most fast-acting
therapeutic options. 12 Although patients are highly responsive to antipsychotics, these medications
are associated with weight gain, diabetes, and extrapyramidal effects. 51. Goals of initial treatment
include adequate sleep and reduction of psychotic symptoms.
Benzodiazepines for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia. During the period of mood disturbance and
increased energy and activity, three (or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only
irritable) have persisted, represent a noticeable change from usual behavior, and have been present to
a significant degree: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. Bipolar ii disorder consists of depressive
and manic episodes which alternate and are typically less severe and do not inhibit function. Report
this Document Download now Save Save Bipolar Affective Disorder For Later 100% (1) 100%
found this document useful (1 vote) 190 views 30 pages Bipolar Affective Disorder Uploaded by
Aze Andrea Putra AI-enhanced description Bipolar disorder, or manic-depressive illness, is a serious
lifelong struggle. Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only three hours of sleep). AMY
PRICE NEFF, MD, is a staff physician at Nashville (Tenn.) General Hospital and an outpatient
community physician at Nashville Healthcare Center. Standalone smartphone apps for mental
health—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2014;16(3)
):PCC.13r01609. International consensus study of antipsychotic dosing. The International Society
for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder: knowledge to date and
directions for future research. Consistent with the staging model of illness, findings provide evidence
for the clinical utility of an early intervention approach in bipolar disorder to improve patient
outcomes. Eli Lilly; 2011. Updated April 2020. Accessed August 30, 2020. Three (or more) of the
symptoms (four of the symptoms if the mood is only irritable) found in Table 2 are present to a
significant degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behavior. 3 Early warning signs of a
relapse include sleep disturbance, agitation, increased goal orientation, and a disruption in the
patient's usual routine. The episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or
occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization. Manic episode A distinct period of
abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently
increased activity or energy, lasting at least one week and present most of the day, nearly every day
(or any duration if hospitalization is necessary). It can be used for emergent situations, such as in
patients with acute psychosis who have suicidal behavior. 60. Grandiosity, decreased need for sleep,
increased talking, racing thoughts, distractibility, overactivity (an. Affective Disorders Issues. 1.
Emotional states: adaptive and non-adaptive negative emotionality 2. Practice guideline for the
treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision). Interventions for helping people recognise early
signs of recurrence in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1561-1572. This
material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any
medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP.
Omega-3 for bipolar disorder: meta-analyses of use in mania and bipolar depression. Note:
Responses to a significant loss (e.g., bereavement, financial ruin, losses from a natural disaster, a
serious medical illness or disability) may include the feelings of intense sadness, rumination about
the loss, insomnia, poor appetite, and weight loss noted in Criterion A, which may resemble a
depressive episode. During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three
(or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant
degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behavior: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
Conclusions: Psychological and pharmacological treatments in the early stages of illness are more
effective than in the later stages of bipolar disorder across multiple domains. Decreased need for
sleep (e.g., feels rested after only three hours of sleep). Using the question-answer format, we
conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Late
onset mania as an organic illness—a review of case reports. Study quality was assessed using the
Cochrane risk of bias method.
Bipolar ii disorder consists of depressive and manic episodes which alternate and are typically less
severe and do not inhibit function; Bipolar ii disorder is diagnosed if the person has experienced at
least one episode of major depression and at least one episode of hypomania (a milder form of
mania). Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(5):483-493. Accessed May 19, 2020. Treatment for bipolar
disorder in adults: a systematic review. Limitations: There was high risk of selection, performance,
and attrition bias in most studies. Affected individuals have higher rates of other mental health
disorders, substance use disorders, and comorbid chronic medical illnesses. A comprehensive
literature review Is treatment for bipolar disorder more effective earlier in illness course. Comparative
effectiveness review no. 208. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2018. Depression
Bipolar disorder Anxiety. Depression. 10% of men and 20% of women have Sx 2 nd most common
condition by 2020. Epidemiology of Affective Disorder About 1-5% of general population Slightly
more females than males Familial component. Anxiety p hobias, post-traumatic stress disorder,
obsessive compulsive disorder. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on
pediatric bipolar disorder: knowledge to date and directions for future research. Excessive
involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in
unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments). Family functioning
among adolescents with bipolar disorder. This effect was found for pharmacological (Lithium,
Olanzapine, Divalproex) and psychological treatments. Lifestyle interventions targeting dietary
habits and exercise in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Major Depressive disorder Dysthymic
disorder Cyclothymia Bipolar II disorder Bipolar I disorder. Bipolar disorder with seasonal pattern:
clinical characteristics and gender influences. First admission or presentation is unlikely to equate to
first episode, because of the duration of untreated illness. Methods: A comprehensive literature
review using Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, PsycArticle, and Web of Science, as data sources, with a
subsequent narrative synthesis. A comprehensive literature review Andrew Thompson Steven
Marwaha Background: We aimed to investigate a key element of the early intervention approach;
whether treatment at an earlier stage of bipolar disorder is more effective than later in its course.
Bipolar disorder constitutes 1 pole of a spectrum of mood disorders. Anxiety----uneasiness from
apprehension and worry about possible events. Systematic review of symptom assessment measures
for use in measurement-based care of bipolar disorders. The prevalence and burden of bipolar
disorder: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Evidence-based guidelines for
treating bipolar disorder: revised third edition recommendations from the British Association for
Psychopharmacology. A community lifetime prevalence (in its broadest measure) of 4% has been
suggested. A comprehensive literature review Is treatment for bipolar disorder more effective earlier
in illness course. Empirical treatment data and their implication for the staging model and early
intervention. Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing
on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Consistent with the staging model of illness, findings
provide evidence for the clinical utility of an early intervention approach in bipolar disorder to
improve patient outcomes.
Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only three hours of sleep). The Amygdala. Classes
of Affective Disorders and Diverse Brain Dysfunction. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly
every day (observable by others; not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed
down). Patients typically do not present for care with hypomania because, despite possible negative
consequences, it is often seen as a desirable state by the patient. 21 Physicians should specifically ask
patients who are depressed about symptoms of mania or hypomania ( Table 4 ). 12, 17, 18 Shift
work, travel across time zones, and seasonal light changes such as during daylight savings time can
trigger hypomania and mania. Among patients using pharmacotherapy, relapse occurs in up to 25% in
the first year; the risk of relapse increases to 40% among patients who are untreated and to more
than 70% of patients within five years, regardless of treatment approach. 12, 18, 39 It is
recommended that pharmacotherapy be continued indefinitely. 12. Note: A full manic episode that
emerges during antidepressant treatment (e.g., medication, electroconvulsive therapy) but persists at
a fully syndromal level beyond the physiologic effect of that treatment is sufficient evidence for a
manic episode and, therefore, a bipolar I diagnosis. The clinical challenges of akathisia. CNS Spectr.
2015;20(suppl 1):1-14. Empirical treatment data and their implication for the staging model and early
intervention. Conclusions: Psychological and pharmacological treatments in the early stages of illness
are more effective than in the later stages of bipolar disorder across multiple domains.
Anticholinergics for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia. This decision inevitably requires the
exercise of clinical judgment based on the individual's history and the cultural norms for the
expression of distress in the context of loss. Novel complex interactions between mitochondrial and
nuclear DNA in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after
only three hours of sleep). Bipolar Disorder is a serious mental disease that can lead to risky behavior
if not treated. New diagnostic criteria and specifiers with attention on mixed features and anxious
distress aid the physician in recognizing episode severity and prognosis. Manic Episode. Persistently
elevated,expansive or irritable mood for at least a week Presence of at least 3 typical symptoms.
However, caution is indicated so that one or two symptoms (particularly increased irritability,
edginess, or agitation following antidepressant use) are not taken as sufficient for diagnosis of a
hypomanic episode, nor necessarily indicative of a bipolar diathesis. Search dates: October 4 and
December 12, 2019; and August 30, 2020. Affective Disorders Issues. 1. Emotional states: adaptive
and non-adaptive negative emotionality 2. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN)
Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. Treatment for bipolar disorder
in adults: a systematic review. Systematic review of symptom assessment measures for use in
measurement-based care of bipolar disorders. A comprehensive literature review Is treatment for
bipolar disorder more effective earlier in illness course. Using the question-answer format, we
conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The
prevalence and burden of bipolar disorder: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
Cyclothymia 4. Bipolar Disorder NOS. 1. Bipolar I disorder. the most serious. Diagnosed after, at
least 1 episode of mania. The manic episode may have been preceded by and may be followed by
hypomanic or major depressive episodes. Bipolar ii patients suffer from greater psychomotor
agitation, guilt, shame. The risk of suicide is lowered when patients are more satisfied with their care,
when they use lithium therapy, and with treatment of alcohol and tobacco use disorders. 36, 54. The
International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder:
knowledge to date and directions for future research.