CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

UiTM SARAWAK, KAMPUS SAMARAHAN 2

BUILDING SERVICES
ECM346
OPEN-ENDED LAB
TITLE OF : Three – phase Electricity Supply
EXPERIMENT
DATE OF : 13 APRIL 2023
EXPERIMENT:
GROUP: : CEEC1104C
GROUP
MEMBERS: :1.AARON DANNIEL ANAK ALFRED RUDOFH GANI
(2021466516)
2. AIMAN HAKIM BIN HAMDAN (2021610716)
3. AHMAD FAZRUL HAZIQ BIN ABU NAZRIE (2021879798)
4.ABANG SAHREEZA BIN ABANG ABDUL RANI
(2021831464)
LECTURER: : SIR MORGAN JAMPI ANAK JEPON
LEVEL OF :1
OPENESS:
MARCH 2023 – AUGUST 2023

NO ELEMENT COPO Marks COMMENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 BASIC CONCEPT
SUMMARY OF
3
PROCEDURES/METHOD
ANALYSIS AND
4 2 4 6 8 10
INTERPETATION OF DATA

5 DISCUSSION OF RESULT 2 4 6 8 10

6 CONCLUSIONS 2 4 6 8 10

TOTAL MARKS /30

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TITLE: Three – phase Electricity Supply

INTRODUCTION

Level 1 laboratory activity refers to condition where the problem and ways & means are guided and
given to the students. However, the answers to the assignment are left to the students to solve using
the group creativity and innovativeness. The activity is hope to slowly introduced and inculcate
independent learning amongst students and prepare them for a much harder task of open-ended
laboratory activities.
In this laboratory activity students will be introduced to the concept, principles and the mechanism
of the equipment that involved in the process of generation, transmission and distribution of the
electrical energy to the consumer (three phase electricity supply).

OBJECTIVES

To expose students to the principles and component in generation, transmission and distribution of
electricity to the consumer (three phase electricity supply).

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the laboratory activity, students would be able to:
1. Identify the correct principle and component in generation, transmission and
distribution of electricity to the consumer (three phase electricity supply).
2. Analyse the operation system of a three phase electricity supply demonstration set and
present it in typical format of a laboratory report.
3. Work in group to produce technical report.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

A generator forces electrons in the windings to flow through the external electrical circuit. In
fact, we can divide generator into two types.
There are alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Both of these generator have own
their advantages and disadvantages.

In DC generator systems, current we must be transmitted at a low voltage and high current level,
which creates huge problems with power loss. AC generators send current at a high voltage and
low current level, which means much less power loss.

AC generators work on a simpler design concept than DC generators. An AC generator consists

of a set of stationary coils around which revolves a magnetic field which is generated by a
rotating shaft. A DC generator has the wire coil connected to its shaft, which makes contact with
stationary brushes.

AC generators require less maintenance than DC generators. This is due to the design of the slip
rings and how they interact with the brushes. The slips rings of an AC generator have smooth
surfaces, which the generators brushes are constantly in contact with. This means the brushes do not
wear out as quickly as in DC generators, which do not have slip rings, but instead a series of bars
which the brushes bump against.
 The back-and-forth actions of electrons in AC cause raising and falling magnetic fields. This makes
it easy to transform AC into different voltages (transformers need raising and falling magnet fields
to work), but it takes a lot of power to create these changing magnet fields.

AC is the most preferred type of electricity supply because of reasons stated above. AC suitable to be
transmitted in a very long distances and then distributed accordingly to the demand by the consumer.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Civil Engineer’s jobs are to identify adequate supply of electricity to the building. Planning,
transmission and distribution of electricity is crucial to ensure proper and suitable amount of
electricity received by the consumer.
Students are requires to search for the information regarding the generation, transmission and
distribution of electricity to the consumer with a supply of three phase voltage. Demonstrates the
supply system by using a sketch and then follow by the demonstration set.

APPARATUS

The three-phase electricity supply’s demonstration test.

PROCEDURES

1. A detail layout for the transmission and distribution of electricity supply from
Generating Power Plant (GPP) was purposed to the transmission substation,
distribution substation and finally to a building by indicating the voltages at each
stage in the system.
2. The suitable electrical appliances were used in a three-phase wiring system for a
multi-story house.
3. All equipment in the single line diagram of a sequence of supply control was studied.
4. All supply control inside a consumer unit as well as outgoing wiring was shown.
5. The wiring was discussed by using picture, diagram , flowchart, or drawing.
6. The items such as neutral link and service fuse, meter, consumer unit, RCCB, main switch,
MCB, earth link and earth electrode, neutral link and out-going cables to lighting, ceiling
fan and switch socket outlet was studied.

DATA ACQUISITION

No. Items Function Picture

1 Meter to measure the electrical
energy usage of a home,
building, or other electrically
powered device.

2 Neutral link utilised as the terminating

point for neutral wires in a
typical electrical circuit and
can vary in construction
depending on the number of
neutral terminations
3 Consumer unit to provide control,
distribution, and protection
to the various final circuits
within the installation

4 Service fuse To protect distribution lines

and equipment from damage
due to overloads and short
circuits

5 RCCB can automatically measure

and disconnect the circuit
whenever a fault occurs in
the connected circuit or the
current exceeds the rated
sensitivity.
6 Earth link to protect you from an
electric shock and providing
a path for a fault current to
flow to earth.
7 Main switch Can be cut off by a human
or a computerized system
to control the flow of power
in the building.

8 MCB To protect an installation or

appliance against sustained
overloading and short-
circuit faults, but it will also
give protection against
earth faults provided that
the earth fault loop
impedance is low enough
9 Earth electrode to have a designed
electrical path to dissipate a
static discharge voltage
(which can be lightning or
other forms of static
electricity) to the earth.

10 Earth wire -Earth wire prevents live

(green) wire from overloading.

-Earth wire absorbs the

excess electrons and
channelize them to flow
beneath the ground.
11 Neutral wire a current-carrying conductor
(black) that brings current back to
the power source to
establish control over the
voltage.
12 Live wire To carries current to the
(red) device

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

1. Layout of Generating power plant ( LUKIS + MENTION VOLT )

Single line diagram

i) Single line diagram for ( GAMBAR )

ii) Single line diagram for ( GAMBAR )

iii) Single line diagram for ( GAMBAR )

2. Suitable electrical appliances that use a three-phase wiring

system for a multistory house.

a) Freezers
b) Microwave
c) Air conditioners
3. The study of all equipment in the single line diagram of a
sequence of supply control.

 Double pole miniature circuit breaker ( DP MCB )

- Used to serve two separate 120-volt circuits or serve a
single 240-volt circuit
 Single pole circuit breaker ( SP MCB )
- To protect 120 volt lightning loads or the standard lightning
for that place.
 Residual current device ( RCD )
- To senses current and disengages any low voltage circuit
whenever a fault occur and to protects humans from
 shock.
 Moulded case circuit breaker ( MCCB )
- To protect an electrical circuit from overload or short
circuit by cutting off the power supply when overcurrent
occur.
DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

1. https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2013/12/three-phase-electrical-
wiring.html