Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and Business Entities 20th Edition Raabe Maloney Young Nellen 130587482X
9781305874824
Solution Manual:
https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-south-western-federal-taxation-2017-
essentials-of-taxation-individuals-and-business-entities-20th-edition-raabe-maloney-young-
nellen-130587482x-9781305874824/
Chapter 02 - Working with the Tax Law
1. Rules of tax law do not include Revenue Rulings and Revenue Procedures.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Rules of tax law do include Treasury Department pronouncements.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
2. A tax professional need not worry about the relative weight of authority within the various tax law sources.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The relative weight of authority is critical
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Technology: Technology: - BUSPROG: Technology
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
3. In recent years, Congress has been relatively successful in simplifying the Internal Revenue Code.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Each year the Code becomes more and more complex.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Technology: Technology: - BUSPROG: Technology
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
7. Subchapter D refers to the “Corporate Distributions and Adjustments” section of the Internal Revenue Code.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The correct subchapter for “Corporate Distributions and Adjustments” is Subchapter C.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
10. Revenue Rulings issued by the National Office of the IRS carry the same legal force and effect as Regulations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: They do not contain the same legal force as Regulations. That is, the legal force is less.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
12. The following citation can be a correct citation: Rev. Rul. 95-271,1995-64 I.R.B. 18.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The citation given refers to the Bulletin issued in the 64th week of 1995. Because a year
contains only 52 weeks, the citation cannot be correct.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
13. Revenue Procedures deal with the internal management practices and procedures of the IRS.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
14. Post-1984 letter rulings may be substantial authority for purposes of the accuracy-related penalty in § 6662.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
15. A letter ruling applies only to the taxpayer who asks for and obtains a letter ruling.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
20. A taxpayer must pay any tax deficiency assessed by the IRS and sue for a refund to bring suit in the U.S. Court of
Federal Claims. Only in the Tax Court can jurisdiction be obtained without first paying the assessed tax deficiency.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
21. In a U.S. District Court, a jury can decide both questions of fact and questions of law.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Questions of law are resolved by the presiding judge.
POINTS: 1
22. Three judges will normally hear each U.S. Tax Court case.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Most Tax Court cases are heard and decided by only one judge. Only when more important
or novel tax issues are involved will the entire court decide the case.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
23. A taxpayer can obtain a jury trial in the U.S. Tax Court.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: A jury trial is available only in a U.S. District Court.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
24. A taxpayer must pay any tax deficiency assessed by the IRS and sue for a refund to bring suit in the U.S. District
Court.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: The tax deficiency must be paid before suit can be instituted in either the U.S. District Court
or the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
Chapter 02 - Working with the Tax Law
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
27. The Golsen rule has been overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The Golsen rule is followed by the U.S. Tax Court.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
28. The granting of a Writ of Certiorari indicates that at least four members of the Supreme Court believe that an issue is
29. The “petitioner” refers to the party against whom a suit is brought.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The “defendant” is the party against whom a suit is brought.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
31. The U.S. Tax Court meets most often in Washington, D.C.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
33. The following citation is correct: Larry G. Mitchell, 131 T.C. 215 (2008).
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
34. The IRS issues an acquiescence or nonacquiescence only for regular Tax Court decisions.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: After 1990, the IRS issues its acquiescence program for other civil tax cases.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10
Chapter 02 - Working with the Tax Law
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
35. There is a direct conflict between a Code section adopted in 2008 and a treaty with France (signed in 2012). The Code
section controls.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The most recent item takes precedence.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
36. The Index to Federal Tax Articles (published by Warren, Gorham, and Lamont) is available in print and electronic
formats.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: It is available only in print form.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
38. The research process should always begin with a tax service.
a. True
b. False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11
Chapter 02 - Working with the Tax Law
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: If the research is simple, a researcher may start with the Code or Regulations.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUBUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic
United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Leverage Technology
United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
39. Electronic databases are most frequently searched by the keyword approach.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
40. The test for whether a child qualifies for dependency status is first conducted under the qualified child requirement.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
41. A Bluebook opinion is substantial authority for purposes of the accuracy related penalty.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-03 - LO: 2-03
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUBUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic
42. The primary purpose of effective tax planning is to reduce or defer the tax in the current tax year.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: This is a secondary tax objective.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 1 min.
46. The Internal Revenue Code was first codified in what year?
a. 1913
b. 1923
c. 1939
d. 1954
e. 1986
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 2 min.
47. Tax bills are handled by which committee in the U.S. House of Representatives?
a. Taxation Committee
b. Ways and Means Committee
c. Finance Committee
d. Budget Committee
e. None of these
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EOTX.SWFT.LO: 2-01 - LO: 2-01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPORG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - AICPA: FN-Research
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
OTHER: Time: 2 min.
The following sketches show the changes which were then made,
and all of which have been retained. The inside collar on the crank-
pin was dispensed with and the diameter of the pin was made
greater than its length, the projected area being generally increased.
The shank of the pin was made larger and shorter, and was riveted
at the back. Instead of turning the shaft down smaller than the
journal to receive the crank, I made it with a large head for this
purpose. The keyway could then be planed out and the key fitted
above the surface of the journal, and the joint was so much further
from the axis that but little more than one half the depth was required
in the crank-eye.
Mr. Corliss had already discarded the flanged boxes. He also first
made this bearing in four parts. The wear in the horizontal direction,
the direction of the thrust, could then be taken up. For this purpose
he used two bolts behind the front side box only. I modified his
construction by making the side boxes wider and taking up their
wear by wedges behind both of them, thus preserving the alignment.
One wedge could also be placed close to the crank. The dotted lines
show the width of the side boxes and the location of the wedges.
The shaft was made with a collar to hold the bearings in place, and
was enlarged in its body. The substitution in place of the crank of the
entire disk carrying a counterweight completed these changes. This
was the fruit of my first lesson in high-speed engine designing, which
had unconsciously been given to me by Mr. Sparks. The oil passage
in the pin was added later, as will be described.
I had another piece of good luck. I happened one day to see in the
Novelty Iron Works the hubs being bored for the paddle-wheels of
the new ship for the Collins line—the “Adriatic.” These were perhaps
the largest castings ever made for such a purpose. I observed that
they were bored out only half-way around. The opposite side of the
hole had been cored to about half an inch greater radius, and three
key-seats were cored in it, which needed only to be finished in the
key-seating machine. The idea struck me that this would be an
excellent way to bore fly-wheels and pulleys. As commonly bored, so
that they could be put on the shaft comfortably they were bored too
large, their contact with the shaft could then be only on a line
opposite the key, and the periphery could not run perfectly true.
I adopted the plan of first boring to the exact size of the shaft and
then shifting the piece about an eighth of an inch, and boring out a
slender crescent, the opposite points of which extended a little more
than half-way around. The keyway was cut in the middle of this
enlargement. The wheel could then be readily put on to the shaft,
and when the key was driven up contact was made over nearly one
half the surface and the periphery ran dead true. I remember seeing
this feature much admired in London, and several times heard the
remark, “I should think the key would throw it some.”
To prevent fanning I made the fly-wheel and pulley with arms of
oval cross-section. These have always been used by me. They have
done even better than I expected. They are found to impart no
motion to the air, however rapidly they may be run.
Flanges on the Eccentric.
I took Mr. Richards’ drawing to the Novelty Iron Works and had an
indicator ready for use when the engine was completed. The engine
was made by the firm of McLaren & Anderson, on Horatio Street,
New York, for their own use. It was set up by the side of their throttle-
valve engine, and was substituted for it to drive their machinery and
that of a kindling-wood yard adjoining for which they furnished the
power. It ran perfectly from the start, and saved fully one half of the
fuel. In throttle-valve engines in those days the ports and pipes were
generally so small that only a part of the boiler pressure was realized
in the cylinder, and that part it was hard to get out, and nobody knew
what either this pressure or the back pressure was. I have a diagram
taken from that engine, which is here reproduced.
The indicator was quickly in demand. One day when I was in the
shop of McLaren & Anderson, engaged in taking diagrams from the
engine, I had a call from the foreman of the Novelty Iron Works. He
had come to see if the indicator were working satisfactorily, and if so
to ask the loan of it for a few days. The Novelty Iron Works had just
completed the engines for three gunboats. These engines were to
make 75 revolutions per minute, and the contract required them to
be run for 72 consecutive hours at the dock. They were ready to
commence this run, and were anxious to indicate the engines with
the new indicator.
I was glad to have it used, and he took it away. I got it back after
two or three weeks, with the warmest praise; but none of us had the
faintest idea of the importance of the invention.
I remember that I had to go to the Novelty Works for the indicator,
and was asked by Mr. Everett, then president of the company, if we
had patented it, for if we had they would be glad to make them for
us. The idea had not occurred to me, but I answered him promptly
that we had not, but intended to. I met Mr. Allen at Mr. Richards’
office, and told them Mr. Everett’s suggestion, and added, “The first
question is, who is the inventor, and all I know is that I am not.” Mr.
Allen added, “I am not.” “Then,” said Mr. Richards, “I suppose I shall
have to be.” “Will you patent it?” said I. “No,” he replied; “if I patent
everything I think of I shall soon be in the poorhouse.” “What will you
sell it to me for if I will patent it?” I asked. “Will you employ me to
obtain the patent?” he replied. “Yes.” “Well, I will sell it to you for a
hundred dollars.” “I will take it, and if I make anything out of it will pay
you ten per cent. of what I get.” This I did, so long as the patent
remained in my hands.
The success of the stationary and the marine governors and of the
engine and the indicator fired me, in the summer of 1861, with the
idea of taking them all to the London International Exhibition the next
year. The demonstration of the three latter seemed to have come in
the very nick of time. For this purpose I fixed upon an engine 8
inches diameter of cylinder by 24 inches stroke, to make 150
revolutions per minute, and at once set Mr. Richards at work on the
drawings for it. I thought some of speeding it at 200 revolutions per
minute, but feared that speed would frighten people. That this would
have been a foolish step to take became afterwards quite apparent.
Joseph E. Holmes