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  • 锦的化学结构复习

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    The document defines acids as proton donors and discusses acid testing indicators like thymolphthalein and litmus. It classifies acids as either organic like citric acid or mineral like sulfuric acid. Acids react with metals and carbonates to form salts. Bases are defined as proton acceptors and also discussed indicators for testing. Bases are classified as alkalis like sodium hydroxide or oxides like calcium oxide. The reaction of acids with bases forms salts and water, while the reaction of bases with ammonium salts forms water, ammonia and salts.

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    The document defines acids as proton donors and discusses acid testing indicators like thymolphthalein and litmus. It classifies acids as either organic like citric acid or mineral like sulfuric acid. Acids react with metals and carbonates to form salts. Bases are defined as proton acceptors and also discussed indicators for testing. Bases are classified as alkalis like sodium hydroxide or oxides like calcium oxide. The reaction of acids with bases forms salts and water, while the reaction of bases with ammonium salts forms water, ammonia and salts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views2 pages

    锦的化学结构复习

    Uploaded by

    dawsontangxy
    The document defines acids as proton donors and discusses acid testing indicators like thymolphthalein and litmus. It classifies acids as either organic like citric acid or mineral like sulfuric acid. Acids react with metals and carbonates to form salts. Bases are defined as proton acceptors and also discussed indicators for testing. Bases are classified as alkalis like sodium hydroxide or oxides like calcium oxide. The reaction of acids with bases forms salts and water, while the reaction of bases with ammonium salts forms water, ammonia and salts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Acid

    ——definition: an acid: H+ ion (or proton) donor

    Testing: Thymolphthalein
    phenolphthalein colorless to pink
    Methyl orange when it is acid it is red, when it is base it is yellow
    Universal Indicator from red to violet
    Litmus acid is red, base is blue
    pH:
    An acidic solution has a pH number less than 7.
    An alkaline solution has a pH number greater than 7.
    A neutral solution has a pH number of exactly 7.

    classification
    ——Organic acids: ethanoic acid, methanoic acid, lactic acid, citric acid (all weak acid)
    Mineral acid: carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric. Acid
    (all strong acid)

    Reaction
    ——metals = salt+hydrogen
    Bases = salt + water
    carbonates = salt + water + carbon dioxide

    The reaction of bases with ammonium salts


    Bases
    ——definition: H+ ion (or proton) acceptor

    Testing: Thymolphthalein and phenolphthalein


    Methyl orange
    Universal Indicator
    Litmus
    pH:
    An acidic solution has a pH number less than 7.
    An alkaline solution has a pH number greater than 7.
    A neutral solution has a pH number of exactly 7.

    classification
    ——Alkalis
    sodium hydroxide (strong)
    Calcium hydroxide(strong)
    Ammonia solution (weak)
    ——Bases
    Calcium oxide (strong)
    Magnesium oxide (strong)

    The reaction of bases with acids

    ——Bases = salt + water

    The reaction of bases with ammonium salts

    Ammonium salt + base = water+ ammonium + salt

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