english 8 reviewer

Qtr 1, Module 4

S.Y. 2020-2021
RONDA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Palanas, Ronda, Cebu
MODULE 4: IDENTIFYING AND USING SIGNALS THAT INDICATE COHERENCE

MAIN IDEA - It is the central topic of a written discussion.

PARAGRAPH - It is a group of related sentences about a topic.

CONJUNCTIONS - These link words, clauses, or phrases.

ORGANIZATION - It is the arrangement of ideas in a paragraph.

A written discourse must be clear, effective and creative. To do this, important

techniques can help in the clarity and organization of ideas relating to the main topic.

Coherence serves as the bridge between ideas in a text or discussion. Without

coherence, the reader cannot acquire full understanding of the central message. It links one
idea to another as it establishes the relationship between them.

To achieve this, appropriate words or phrases show the relationship and create a
smooth flow of meaning. These words or phrases are called coherence signals.

*Coherence signals connect the ideas between sentences and within paragraphs.

USES/FUNCTIONS OF COHERENCE SIGNALS

 Additive – additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further,
furthermore, in addition, moreover, then, likewise, etc.
Note: Additive, from the root word itself na ADD, means to add on more points or details.
(Buot pasabot, kanang mga words/phrases nga nakita nimus ibabaw, mao na siyay mga
coherence signals nga pwede nato makita sa paragraph nga nag-signal nga naa pa siyay sumpay.
Pwede usab na gamiton ang maong mga pulonga kun kita na mismo maoy maghimu ug
paragraph mahitungod sa unsa nga topic na atoang mahunahunaan o gipabuhat. Again, additive
gani, buot pasabot pagpuno o magpuno sa idea nga gipresentar arun mas masabtan pa ang topic
nga gibasa o gihimu).

Example: Various protests occurred in South Africa to abolish Apartheid. In addition, UN did
not agree with this system of inequality.

 Causative – accordingly, as a result, and so, because, thus, since, hence, consequently, for
that reason, on account of, therefore, etc.
Note: Causative means to show cause and effect relationship.
(Buot pasabot, ang mga pulong nga gi-underline ug nagsunod, mao na sila nagsignal nga kun naay sanhi, naa
gyud bunga (kun naay pinagmulan, naa gyuy kinalabasan o kun naay dahilan, naa gyuy dulot ng pangyayari)
diha sa imung gibasa o gibuhat. Atong balikon, basta causative gani, cause and effect relationship gyud na diha
ang makita o mabasa).

Example: Apartheid was a political and social system in South Africa. Due to this, the white people were
separated from the black people.

 Sequential – In the (first, second, third, etc.)place, To begin with, next, To start with,
initially, thus, subsequently, before, from, then, etc.

Note: Sequential means to form or follow a logical order or sequence.

(Meaning to say, kanang mga pulong sa ibabaw, nagsignal na sila nga naay pagkasunod-sunod
sa mga ideya o detalye nga syempre related sa topic na gi-discuss o gi-state).

Example: Africa was divided into four races under the strict laws. Subsequently, people lived
and stayed away from each other.

 Conditional – unless, if, when, in case, in that case, even if, only, if, provided, given that,
etc.

Note: Conditional means to express condition that is dependent or relative on another

thing. It also refers to a situation which may exist or whose possible consequences you are
considering. (Kanang mga pulonga sa ibabaw, mao na silay mga makita nimu kun naay
kondisyon nga nagdepende sa laing matang. Obserbari ang example sentence sa ubos. Ang
apartheid, usa ka systema nga naglahi sa mga Blacks sa mga Whites didto sa Africa, nga
nakaapekto pag ayu sa mga Africans. Bisan pa man ug mu-reklamo o mu-tutol sila sa di
makatarungang pakikitungo sa ilaha, di gihapon sila allowed sa karamihan nga public places
tungod kay systema naman ang Apartheid nga umiiral ug naandan na kini sa Africa. Pero di
maguol, example ra na. Hinayhinay na nga nausab ug nahigmata ang kadaghanan).

Example: This system (apartheid) greatly affected the lives of the Africans. Even if they
opposed this unequal treatment, the Blacks were not allowed in many public places.

 Concessional – although, at any rate, at least, still, though, even though, admittedly, granted
that, while it may be true, in spite of, etc.
Note: From the word concession, it indicates that the information in one clause is not the
result you expect from the information given in the other clause. (Meaning to say, naay
different o lahi nga resulta sa naunang sentence/clause. Notice the example below, ang beauty
sa usa ka tawo is beyond o mulabaw pa sa imahe nga makita sa mata. Pero lahi na ang misunod
niini, imbes na mu-add ug justification nga pupareha sa naunang sentence, nahimu na hinuong
sukdanan ang imahe o hitsura sa iyang halaga isip usa ka tawo).
Example: The beauty of a person is beyond the image the eyes can see. Admittedly, many
consider the outward appearance as the measure of the person’s worth such as skin color,
physical form, hair type, etc.

 Clarifying – in other words, that is, in this case, I mean, up to a point, under certain
circumstances, put another way, simply, etc.
Note: From the root word nga CLARIFY. It means to make it easier to understand, usually
by explaining it in more detail. Notice the example below. Giclarify o gisimplify ang racial
discrimination as the deprivation of rights specifically sa mga Blacks. Why blacks? Kay mao ni
ang gi-coin nila nga word to dehumanize the Africans, nga maoy ang naka-experience sa
apartheid).

Example: Racial discrimination created a drastic change in the social activities of people in
Africa. The blacks were banned to vote, were not allowed to own lands in white areas, and were
restricted to mix with whites in public facilities. In other words, the blacks were denied of
many rights.

Now, read the paragraph below. Identify and underline the coherence signals used in the
paragraph.

The beauty of a person is beyond the image the eyes can see. Admittedly, many consider
the outward appearance as the measure of the person’s worth such as skin color, physical form,
hair type, etc. When they treat others, they show an unfair regard. In this case, the truth should
be known.

To begin with, every person is inherently special. Each being is gifted with unique
qualities since he or she has intelligence, traits, behavior, and attractiveness apart from others.
Additionally, it is the inner self of an individual that makes him or her shine.

Knowing these aspects will lead to a better understanding and respect for any individual.
Thus, it is imperative to say that every person is special and beautiful.

REMINDER:

Tarungag analyze ang mga sentences sa paragraph/s arun makuha nimu ang gist or idea as a
whole.