SOTO A Course BCIT – Final Exam Prep Notes

You Should Know:

-Drip trays req’d below manifold connections to catch drips/liquid cargo from draining of pipes upon
disconnect

-Electrostatic charge created via (several diff processes): steaming, cargo loading/unloading, IG inerting
-Mooring lines purposes; springs prevent longitudinal move’t & near parallel to shore, headlines & stern
lines prevent longitudinal move’t & keep vessel alongside (near 45 degs to shore), breast lines restrict
athwartship move’t (keep vessel alongside)
-Samples (of cargo) should be taken at time of loading from shipper, not upon discharge; 3 sample
‘copies’ retained – 1 on shore, 1 onboard, 1 to receiver
-Hose handling: appropriate saddles/supports should be used, don’t allow hose to pinch between
hulls/shore
-Col Regs Part F - Additional Canadian Provisions
“Rule 39: Special Signals for Dangerous Goods - In the Canadian waters of a roadstead, harbour,
river, lake or inland waterway a vessel that is taking in, discharging or carrying dangerous goods
shall,
(a) when not underway, exhibit where it can best be seen, an all-round red light or the
International Code flag “B”;
(b) and (b) when underway, exhibit where it can best be seen, the International Code flag “B”
but not an all-round red light.”

Not underway (made fast to Underway (not made fast to

shore, anchored, aground) shore, anchored, aground)

OR

-‘Appropriate ticketholder’ (for our case SOTO) is the only person who can be responsible for the transfer
of cargo/product
-All deck piping/hoses should be drained post-transfer to prevent thermal expansion damage to
pipes/valves
-30min minimum wait time post-loading or unloading for electrostatic charges to dissipate
-Static accumulators: light or ‘clean’ products (gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene)
-Non static accumulators: heavy or ‘dirty’ products (HFO, Marine diesel, crude, bitumen) + H20, alcohols
-Fighting H-C oil fires: us FOAM (forms a ‘blanket’ over H-C layer, stopping vapour production/release)
-Reduce static charge production: load/unload at a linear velocity of <1m/s initially (upon start of
transfer)
-Standard volumes are corrected to what temperature? 60F = 15C
-Types of Fires;
- A: flammable solids
- B: flammable liquids
- C: electrical
- D: flammable metals
-Auto-Ignition Temp (AIT) definition: the temp at which the vapours of a substance, or mixture, will ignite
without any external source
-Health efx on human body due to diff harmful gases (in order of increasing concentration):
H2S: nausea, eye irritation, resp tract irritation, strong odour, loss orf odour, loss of sense of
smell, unconsciousness/seizures/loss of bowel control/death
CO2: deep breathing, headaches, breathing strenuous, sweating, bad headaches, breathlessness,
ringing of ears, dim vision and twitching, unconsciousness, coma
CO: chemical asphyxiation by bonding with hemoglobin in blood more readily than oxygen
Gasoline: irritation of eyes, nose, throat, alcohol intoxication-like symptoms, ‘drunk’
Benzene: (chronic efx) cumulative effects over lifetime such as blood poisoning
-What gases should be checked before entering enclosed space? O2, explosive (H-C) vapours, toxic gases
-Via what devices? Oximeter, explosimeter, gas detector/Draeger tubes
-What physical property of cargo can change during transit? Volume due to temperature changes, but
the weight does not change
-H-C gases are heavier than air (sink)
-Tank alarms: (HLA) High level alarm max setting should be 95% of tank capacity, HHLA (High high level
alarm) max setting should be 98% to allow for thermal expansion
-Vapour pressure: the pressure exerted by the vapours produced by a substance at equilibrium with the
‘environment’, as determined in the closed-cup method
- Vapour pressure is proportional to temperature
-Define LFL and UFL
LFL: the conc. at which there is sufficient fuel to support combustion
UFL: the conc. above which there is too much fuel, or not enough oxygen to support combustion
-Highest suction type pump? Reciprocating/eductor
-What causes cavitation in cent pumps? Drop in inlet pressure causes BP to drop, causing vapour to evap
out of liquid, micro bubbles implosions cause turbulence resulting in damage to impeller/casing (pitting)
- Fix? Reduce discharge pressure (slightly close valve)
-P-V valves: speed = 30m/s (1/10th of speed that flames travel through vapours)
-Eductor pumps use: Venturi effect
-Cargo hose: annual testing (min) @ 1.5x RWP (rated working pressure) of hose
-Any piping/hoses should be blanked when not in use
-SDS sheet req’d from shore before loading (to know type, parameters of product, safety considers)
-‘Tank Top’ = bottom of product tank (‘top’ of bilge water tank below)
-Stripping = removal of final vol of product in tanks (usually uses separate pump)
-Aluminum not good for cargo tank ladders due to high conductivity (allow charges to move freely; non-
accumulating)
-Insulation flanges are used at hose ends; for electrical DIScontinuity
-Flame screens on P-V valves prevent flames from entering vacuum side
-Static accumulators have low conductivity
-Head, Lift, Dynamic Head