NAME: ANUOLUWAPO EZEKIEL PALMER INSTITUTION : LASUSTECH

COLLEGE : APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT: ACTUARIAL SCIENCE

MATRIC NUMBER: 220202010007 LEVEL: 100L

COURSE: Logic, philosophy And Human Existence

Assessment

Philosophy
What is philosophy?

Philosophy is a discipline that seeks to understand the nature of reality, human existence, and the
meaning of life. It involves the critical examination of ideas, beliefs, and concepts, and aims to answer
fundamental questions about the world and our place in it. Philosophers use logic, argumentation, and
careful observation to explore a wide range of topics, from ethics and metaphysics to epistemology and
political philosophy. Through philosophical inquiry, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves,
our world, and the complex relationships that exist between them.

Philosophy in Actuarial Science involves the application of fundamental principles, such as probability
theory and statistical analysis, to assess and manage risks in insurance and financial industries. Actuaries
also utilize ethical frameworks to make sound decisions in complex situations. Furthermore, critical
thinking and problem-solving skills are essential in developing and implementing actuarial models.
Ultimately, philosophy plays a crucial role in shaping the methods and practices of Actuarial Science to
ensure the protection of individuals and organizations against financial uncertainties.

There are different definition of philosophy, explain

Philosophy is a broad field that has various definitions. The word "philosophy" is derived from Greek,
meaning "love of wisdom." In general terms, philosophy can be defined as the study of fundamental
questions about existence, knowledge, reason, ethics, and reality. It is a way of thinking critically about
the world, using reason and logic to analyze ideas and arguments.
More specifically, philosophy can be broken down into different branches that explore different areas of
human thought. These include metaphysics, which examines the nature of reality, epistemology, which
studies knowledge and belief, ethics, which deals with morality and values, and logic, which investigates
reasoning and argumentation.
Other definitions of philosophy include:

- A practice of inquiry that seeks to understand the fundamental nature of reality, including the
relationship between the mind and body, the nature of space and time, and the ultimate structure of
the universe.

- A way of thinking that involves questioning assumptions and beliefs, and considering multiple
perspectives and possibilities.

- A discipline that aims to clarify concepts and ideas, develop arguments and theories, and engage in
critical reflection on a range of topics.

- A field of study that has contributed to many other academic fields, including science, literature, art,
and politics.

In summary, philosophy is a complex and multifaceted field that involves the exploration of fundamental
questions about the nature of reality, knowledge, ethics, and logic. It is a discipline that requires critical
thinking and reflection, and has played an important role in shaping human thought and culture
throughout history.

Philosophy can be defined in various ways, depending on the context and the perspective of the
individual. Some of the definitions of philosophy are:

1. Love of Wisdom:Philosophy comes from two Greek words "philos"and "sophia"which means
"love of wisdom". It is a passion for gaining knowledge and understanding the fundamental
nature of reality.

2. The Study of Ultimate Reality:Philosophy seeks to understand the ultimate reality behind the
visible world. It examines the nature of existence, knowledge, and values.

3. Systematic Inquiry:Philosophy is a systematic inquiry into fundamental questions about human

nature, morality, and existence. It aims to provide rational, logical, and coherent answers to
these questions.

4. Critical Reflection:Philosophy is an exercise in critical thinking that challenges accepted beliefs

and assumptions. It encourages individuals to think deeply and critically about the world around
them.

5. A Way of Life:Philosophy is not just an academic discipline, it can also be a way of life. It
encourages individuals to live a virtuous and ethical life by developing a critical and reflective
mindset.

These are just a few examples of the many definitions of philosophy that exist. Ultimately, the definition
of philosophy depends on how one approaches the subject and what questions one seeks to answer.
Branches of Philosophy
Philosophy is a wide-reaching subject that encompasses a variety of branches. These include:

1. Metaphysics - This is the study of existence itself, and examines what things are, why they exist,
and what they mean. Metaphysics seeks to understand the nature of reality itself.

2. Epistemology - This branch of philosophy deals with the study of knowledge itself, examining
what knowledge is, how we acquire it, and what we can know for certain.

3. Logic - This deals with reasoning and how we can structure our thoughts and arguments. Logic
seeks to help us think more clearly and logically, and to make valid inferences from what we
know.

4. Ethics - This is concerned with questions of morality and right and wrong. It examines what
actions are good or bad, and what constitutes ethical behavior.

5. Aesthetics - This branch of philosophy deals with questions of art and beauty. It examines what
makes things beautiful, and what value art has in our lives.

6. Political Philosophy - This examines questions of government and the distribution of power in
society. It seeks to understand how we should organize society to promote justice, equality, and
human flourishing.

Each of these branches of philosophy has its own unique set of questions and approaches, but they all
contribute to our understanding of the world around us and our place in it.

WHAT IS REASONING ?

Reasoning is the process of using critical thinking, logic and analysis to make judgments or draw
conclusions. It involves evaluating evidence, considering different perspectives and making informed
decisions based on facts and logical arguments. Effective reasoning involves careful consideration of all
available information, weighing the pros and cons of different options, and using sound judgment to
reach a reasoned conclusion.

WHAT IS LOGIC?

Logic is the science of reasoning and inference, including the study of valid and fallacious arguments,
deductive and inductive reasoning, and the principles of specific inference. In other words, it is a
systematic method for reaching well-founded conclusions by using rational analysis and critical thinking.
Logic has important applications in fields such as mathematics, philosophy, computer science, and
linguistics, among others.

IS LOGIC AND REASONING THE SAME, EXPLAIN?

Logic and reasoning are related concepts but they are not the same. Logic is a formal system of
deductive reasoning that follows a set of rules and principles to arrive at a conclusion that is true based
on the premises presented. Reasoning, on the other hand, is the mental process of thinking about
something in a logical and rational way to arrive at a conclusion or solve a problem. In other words,
reasoning is the broader concept that encompasses logic as one of its tools. While logic is systematic and
precise, reasoning is more flexible and intuitive. Therefore, while both logic and reasoning are important
for critical thinking, they are not interchangeable terms...