University of Raparin

College of Science
Department of Medical Laboratory
Biostatistics with SPSS
SPSS Project

The death of a child under the age of five

Prepared by:
Dia omer Hamad

Supervised by:
Dr. Sarbaz Hamza

2023

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Contents

Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................3

Real Data ................................................................................................................................................................ 4

Pie charts and Histograms .............................................................................................................. 6

Scatter/Dot Plots (Simple Scatter and Matrix Scatter) ...................................................................8

Boxplots....................................................................................................................................11

Correlations............................................................................................................................ 13

References .................................................................................................................................... 14
Introduction
The death of a child under the age of five is a tragedy that affects families
and communities around the world. In 2019, an estimated 5.2 million
children under the age of five died, with the majority of these deaths
occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The leading causes of death
in this age group are largely preventable and include pneumonia, diarrhea,
and malaria, which together account for nearly one-third of all deaths.
Other common causes of death include preterm birth complications, birth
asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and congenital anomalies.

Malnutrition is also a significant contributor to child mortality, with

undernutrition estimated to be an underlying cause of 45% of all child
deaths. Infectious diseases, such as measles, pertussis, and tetanus, are
responsible for a significant number of deaths in this age group, particularly
in areas where access to vaccines and basic healthcare services is limited.
Environmental factors, such as unsafe water and poor sanitation, also play
a role in child mortality, increasing the risk of diarrhea and other
waterborne diseases.

Addressing the causes of death in children under five will require a

comprehensive approach that includes improving access to healthcare
services, promoting proper nutrition and sanitation, ensuring access to
vaccines, and addressing environmental factors. By addressing these
underlying factors, we can work to reduce child mortality rates and
improve the health and well-being of children around the world.
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Real Data

For the real data that I collected for the project, I bring it from our world in
data website. I have chosen two country which are Turkey and Iraq. The is
limited, and it starts from the years of 1990 and ends in 2019.
My data describe diseases that cause child death such as Acute hepatitis,
Digestive diseases, Chronic kidney disease, Cardiovascular diseases,
Environmental heat, Diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, Malaria.

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Country Year Acute hepatitis
Digestive diseases
Chronic kidney
Cardiovascular
disease
Environmental
diseases
Diabetes
heatmellitus
and
HIV/AIDS
cold exposure
Malaria
Turkey 1990 268 580 634 921 8 167 2 1
Turkey 1991 244 546 589 853 7 160 3 1
Turkey 1992 223 514 544 795 7 154 3 1
Turkey 1993 204 486 506 741 6 149 4 1
Turkey 1994 190 467 477 705 6 146 5 1
Turkey 1995 178 452 456 677 6 143 6 1
Turkey 1996 162 430 429 633 5 137 7 1
Turkey 1997 149 414 404 595 5 132 8 1
Turkey 1998 128 397 377 550 5 127 9 0
Turkey 1999 115 377 349 503 4 120 10 0
Turkey 2000 106 368 328 484 4 114 11 0
Turkey 2001 99 366 309 480 4 107 12 0
Turkey 2002 88 346 279 444 3 98 13 0
Turkey 2003 77 334 239 465 3 85 15 0
Turkey 2004 63 322 208 470 4 75 16 0
Turkey 2005 52 298 177 447 4 66 18 0
Turkey 2006 43 273 155 421 4 58 19 0
Turkey 2007 36 248 137 391 3 52 20 0
Turkey 2008 32 233 126 370 3 48 22 0
Turkey 2009 28 216 116 351 3 44 22 0
Turkey 2010 25 201 108 326 3 40 22 0
Turkey 2011 21 176 97 281 2 36 23 0
Turkey 2012 18 159 91 254 2 33 23 0
Turkey 2013 17 148 88 233 2 31 23 0
Turkey 2014 15 138 86 218 2 29 22 0
Turkey 2015 14 128 82 196 1 27 22 0
Turkey 2016 13 121 79 182 1 26 21 0
Turkey 2017 12 114 73 164 1 25 21 0
Turkey 2018 11 108 69 152 1 23 20 0
Turkey 2019 10 102 66 141 1 22 21 0
Iraq 1990 94 285 135 537 3 29 3 0
Iraq 1991 94 292 135 546 3 30 3 0
Iraq 1992 94 304 138 567 4 32 3 0
Iraq 1993 93 308 141 580 4 33 4 0
Iraq 1994 89 302 137 570 4 33 5 0
Iraq 1995 85 297 134 562 4 32 5 0
Iraq 1996 85 304 137 572 4 34 6 0
Iraq 1997 79 299 134 560 4 34 7 0
Iraq 1998 73 289 130 540 4 33 8 0
Iraq 1999 66 278 126 517 4 33 9 0
Iraq 2000 60 265 125 498 3 31 11 0
Iraq 2001 55 252 127 485 3 30 12 0
Iraq 2002 52 244 129 476 3 29 14 0
Iraq 2003 52 246 136 483 2 29 16 0
Iraq 2004 49 239 136 468 2 28 17 0
Iraq 2005 48 234 137 456 2 27 19 0
Iraq 2006 46 224 133 434 2 25 20 0
Iraq 2007 43 216 125 405 2 24 21 0
Iraq 2008 40 208 116 375 2 23 22 0
Iraq 2009 35 197 111 370 1 21 23 0
Iraq 2010 31 187 104 357 1 19 24 0
Iraq 2011 27 177 99 343 1 18 24 0
Iraq 2012 24 169 95 333 1 17 25 0
Iraq 2013 22 160 92 324 1 16 25 0
Iraq 2014 20 149 89 305 1 15 26 0
Iraq 2015 18 141 84 287 1 15 26 0
Iraq 2016 17 133 80 265 2 14 25 0
Iraq 2017 15 127 74 245 1 13 24 0
Iraq 2018 13 120 70 228 1 13 24 0
Iraq 2019 12 114 66 212 1 12 24 0

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Pie charts and Histograms

Figure 1: This Pie Chart shows children who died from the Environmental heat and
cold exposure with various percentages.

Figure 1 shows the percentage of child mortality with each colored box, representing
Iraq and Turkey. percentage of children dying from environmental heat and cold
exposure.

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 Figure 2: The Histogram shows Death due to Acute hepatitis.

Figure 2 reveals child deaths due to Acute hepatitis from a data set. Productivity has
declined dramatically.

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Scatter/Dot Plots (Simple Scatter and Matrix Scatter)

Figure 3: The scatter plot for deaths due to HIV/AIDS in Iraq and Turkey.

Figure 3 shows AIDS deaths from 1990 to 2019 between two countries, which are
very close to each other, both increasing.

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Figure 4: The scatter plot between death due to Digestive diseases and
Cardiovascular diseases.

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Figure 5: Scatter plot matrix between Diabetes mellitus and Chronic kidney
Disease.

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Boxplots

Figure 7: Boxplot for Environmental heat and cold exposure and HIV/AIDS.

Figure 7 shows AIDS and Environmental heat and cold exposure deaths that AIDS is
left skewed and Environmental heat and cold exposure is right skewed.

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Figure 7: Boxplot for Digestive diseases and Acute hepatitis between Iraq and
Turkey.

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Correlations

Correlations
Environmental
heat and cold Diabetes
Year exposure mellitus HIV/AIDS
Year Pearson Correlation 1 -.843** -.609** .948**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 60 60 60 60
Environmental heat and cold Pearson Correlation -.843** 1 .855** -.835**
exposure Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 60 60 60 60
Diabetes mellitus Pearson Correlation -.609** .855** 1 -.614**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 60 60 60 60
HIV/AIDS Pearson Correlation .948** -.835** -.614** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 60 60 60 60
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Correlations
Digestive Chronic kidney Cardiovascular
Acute hepatitis diseases disease diseases
Acute hepatitis Pearson Correlation 1 .965** .954** .928**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 60 60 60 60
Digestive diseases Pearson Correlation .965** 1 .931** .949**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 60 60 60 60
Chronic kidney disease Pearson Correlation .954** .931** 1 .817**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 60 60 60 60
Cardiovascular diseases Pearson Correlation .928** .949** .817** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 60 60 60 60
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

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References

. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/causes-of-death-in-children-under-5