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Space-Technology
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What is 'Electromagnetic Waves'

Definition: Electromagnetic waves or EM waves are waves that are created as a result of
vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field. In other words, EM waves are
composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields.

Description: Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field comes in contact with a
magnetic field. They are hence known as ‘electromagnetic’ waves. The electric field and
magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. They
are also perpendicular to the direction of the EM wave.

EM waves travel with a constant velocity of 3.00 x 108 ms-1 in vacuum. They are deflected
neither by the electric field, nor by the magnetic field. However, they are capable of showing
interference or diffraction. An electromagnetic wave can travel through anything - be it air, a
solid material or vacuum. It does not need a medium to propagate or travel from one place to
another. Mechanical waves (like sound waves or water waves), on the other hand, need a
 medium to travel. EM waves are 'transverse' waves. This means that they are measured by their
amplitude (height) and wavelength (distance between the highest/lowest points of two
consecutive waves).

The highest point of a wave is known as 'crest', whereas the lowest point is known as 'trough'.
Electromagnetic waves can be split into a range of frequencies. This is known as the
electromagnetic spectrum. Examples of EM waves are radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves,
X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
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 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES EM WAVESMECHANICAL WAVESELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

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DSN
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GAGAN
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Related Definitions
 Achromatic Lens
An achromatic lens can be defined as a lens which is made by a combination of two different types of lenses
carrying different focal powers in a manner such that the images formed by the light of both the combined lenses
are free from chromatic aberration or achromatism. Description: A lens which is specially designed to control
the effects of chromatic distortion or aberration (a defect of opt
Aurora
An aurora is a natural phenomenon which is characterised by a display of a natural-coloured (green, red, yellow
or white) light in the sky. It is a light show which is caused when electrically-charged particles from the sun
collide with particles from gases such as oxygen and nitrogen present in the Earth’s atmosphere. Description:
Aurora is sometimes referred to as ‘polar light’. It is predomi
Celss
CELSS (Controlled Ecological Life Support System) is a scientific endeavor towards the creation of self-
supporting environments to maintain and support human life on space stations or colonies. CELSS are typically
“Living machines” which should ideally provide full life support (fresh air, organic food and clean water) to its
inhabitants by continuous recycling of the waste products produced by th
Chandrayaan 1
Chandrayaan-1, India’s first mission to moon, was an unmanned spacecraft weighing 1380-Kg along with 11
scientific payloads built in India, UK, USA, Germany, Bulgaria and Sweden. The mission comprised an orbiter
and an impactor. Launched successfully by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on October 22,
2008, the spacecraft was designed to study the Moon orbiting around it at a height of
 Chromosphere
Chromosphere is a reddish and glowing layer of gas above a star’s (or Sun's) photosphere. It is actually the
transition between corona and the photosphere. Out of the three layers of the Sun’s atmosphere, chromosphere is
the second one (with photosphere being the first layer and corona as the third). Description: As the name
suggests, chromosphere literally translates into ‘sphere of light’. It
Corona
Corona is a luminous envelope of plasma that surrounds the Sun and other celestial bodies. It is extended to
millions of kilometres into space and is commonly seen during a total solar eclipse. The intense temperature of
the Sun's corona is due to the presence of highly ionized ions which give it a spectral feature. Description: The
corona of the Sun is much hotter than its visible surface. The
Cryogenic Engine
A cryogenic engine/ cryogenic stage is the last stage of space launch vehicles which makes use of Cryogenics.
Cryogenics is the study of the production and behaviour of materials at extremely low temperatures (below -150
degree Centigrade) to lift and place the heavier objects in space. Description: Cryogenic stage is technically a
much more complexed system with respect to solid or liquid prop
Dsn
DSN (Deep Space network) is a network of large antennas and communication facilities, developed and
established in the US by the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). It is spread across the
world to support communication with spacecrafts on interplanetary missions. The DSN also provides the ability
to support some Earth-orbiting missions (at Sun-Earth LaGrange points, at lunar dis

 Dark Matter
Dark Matter is referred to the hypothetical matter that scientists have not been able to locate in the universe -
either through telescopes or using any other technological method. 27% of the matter in the universe is said to be
dark matter. Its existence came to the fore because of its gravitational effects on matters that are visible in the
universe. Description: Scientists have been unable t
Doppler Effect
Doppler Effect refers to the change in wave frequency during the relative motion between a wave source and its
observer. It was discovered by Christian Johann Doppler who described it as the process of increase or decrease
of starlight that depends on the relative movement of the star. Description: Doppler Effect works on both light
and sound objects. For instance, when a sound object moves tow

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