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ESSAY
1. How did the founding of Islam compare and contrast with that of the other major monotheistic
religions?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
2. "Islam was a product of and reflective of a particular time and place." Discuss, pro and con.
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
3. What are the basic beliefs of the Islamic religion? To what degree are they reflective of the
experiences of Muhammad and the culture of Arabian society in this time? Why do you think as you
do?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
4. To what degree do the beliefs of Islam, distinct from other aspects of Arab culture between 500 and
650 C.E., appear to have motivated Muslims to expand the territory under their control? How does the
evidence, as you see it, lead you to that result?
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
5. Compare and contrast the origins and achievements of the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid regimes.
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
6. How did Turks, Christians, and Mongols influence the course of Islamic civilization?
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
7. How do you explain the remarkably rapid expansion of the Islamic caliphate in the seventh and eighth
centuries? In what fundamental way was the Islamic empire transformed in the course of that
expansion? How did the spread of Islam and the challenges faced by the need to choose successors to
Muhammad affect the political structure of the Muslim world?
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
8. How did the social structure and religious ideas of the Islamic world compare and contrast with those
of India after the Aryan invasion?
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
9. Discuss Islam as a preserver and a conduit of the culture and intellectual heritage of Graeco-Roman
civilization.
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
10. Consider the relative contributions of Arab, Turk, and Persian cultures to Islamic literature, art, and
architecture.
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
11. Compare and contrast Abbasid civilization under Harun al-Rashid with Frankish civilization at the
time of Charlemagne. What were the differences, and what were the similarities, if any?
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
12. What role did the expansion of the Seljuk Turks play in the origins of the Crusades? How would you
characterize the behavior of the European Crusaders as they entered Jerusalem?
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
13. In what ways was the Muslim caliphate in Spain more tolerant than those in the east? What kinds of
restrictions were generally placed on non-Muslims in Andalusia? Since the attacks of September 2001,
how have revisionist historians sought to use the example of the Moorish era in Spain to counter the
perception that all Muslims are sympathetic to terrorist attacks against the West? How have other
historians disputed this interpretation?
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Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
IDENTIFICATIONS
1. Muhammad
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2. Allah
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3. Bedouin
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4. sheikh
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5. majlis
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7. Mecca
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8. Gabriel
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9. Islam
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10. Muslim
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11. Koran/Qur'an
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14. Yathrib/Medina
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15. umma
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17. Ramadan
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18. ulama
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19. Shari'a
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21. caliph/khalifa
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22. imam
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24. jihad
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32. sultan
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33. Saladin
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35. Mongols
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. The council of elders of the Arabian Bedouin tribes was called the
a. majlis.
b. jihad.
c. sheikh.
d. Ka'aba.
e. iman.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 184
3. The Ka'aba
a. was a group of sacred stones revered by the Bedouin tribes, each of which possessed one.
b. was the shrine in Mecca containing a large black meteorite.
c. represented the monotheism of the Bedouins.
d. was Allah's representative Arab priesthood.
e. was the male initiation ceremony when one formally became an adult.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 184
4. Muhammad began the solitary meditations during which he received the revelations underlying Islam
because of
a. a dispute with his wife.
b. his desire to expand his knowledge of the message of Allah.
c. the difficulties created in his mind by the corrupt and decadent society of his day.
d. the call of the angel Gabriel.
e. his desire to convert the people of Mecca to Islam.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 185
7. The city to which Muhammad went to in 622, a journey known as the Hijrah, was
a. Mecca.
b. Medina.
c. Jerusalem.
d. Riyad.
e. Damascus.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 185
9. Islam is
a. polytheistic.
b. monotheistic.
c. polyandrous.
d. divinistic.
e. secularist.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 186
10. According to Islamic belief
a. Muhammad created the concept of Allah.
b. Allah sent not his first but his final revelations through Muhammad.
c. the teachings of Jesus and Moses are incorrect and immoral.
d. Allah ordained that Muhammad was a subordinate God.
e. there is no afterlife for the individual.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 185
12. Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
a. prayer.
b. fasting during Ramadan.
c. pilgrimage to Medina.
d. belief in Allah and Muhammad as his Prophet.
e. giving alms to the poor.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 187
14. The son-in-law and cousin of Muhammad who was murdered after he became caliph was
a. Hashemuti.
b. Ali.
c. Khadija.
d. Sadaam.
e. Abu Bakr.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 189
18. Which of the following empires experienced defeats at the hands of the seventh-century Arab armies?
a. Carolingian.
b. Byzantine
c. Mauryan
d. Fatimid
e. Mongol
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 189
19. The Persian empire which experienced defeats at the hands of the Arab armies was the
a. Sassanid.
b. Umayyad.
c. Abbasid.
d. Fatimid.
e. Mongol.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 189
20. All of the following were true about the spread of Arab control except
a. its voluntary and egalitarian features proved quite attractive to many people.
b. if an individual chose not to become a Muslim, he still had to participate in mandatory
military service.
c. as a result of the caliphate being won by the Syrian governor, the Islamic capital was
located in Damascus for a time.
d. Egypt was an early Arab conquest.
e. non-Muslims were usually required to pay a special tax.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 189
27. The caliphate that is often described as the Abbasid "Golden Age" was the reign of
a. Muhammad Ali.
b. Harun al-Rashid.
c. Abu Bakr.
d. Kabia al-Kahn.
e. Kadija al-Farabi.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 191
28. The Shi'ite capital at Cairo was established under the dynasty of the
a. Umayyads.
b. Abbasids.
c. Fatimids.
d. Seljuk Turks.
e. Golden Horde.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 192
29. The Frankish leader who defeated a Muslim army near Tours in 732 was
a. Pepin.
b. Clovis.
c. Charlemagne.
d. Charles Martel.
e. Louis the Pious.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 189
30. The Muslim sect who were the "partisans of Ali" are the
a. Sunnis.
b. Shi'ites.
c. Sufis.
d. Kurds.
e. "orthodox".
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 190
31. In the Abbasid empire, the head of the council and principal minister of the caliph was known as the
a. iman.
b. vizier.
c. diwan.
d. uluma.
e. umma.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 191
33. The military defeat of the Byzantine armies by the Seljuk Turks, which led to the Crusades, was the
Battle of
a. the Tigris.
b. Manzikert.
c. Tours.
d. Anatolia.
e. Yathrib.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 193
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