Name: ______________________________ Date: ____________________________

Sections: _______________________ Teacher’s name: ___________________

Module 5 (GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES)
1. ______________________ - A variety of processes act on and within the Earth - here we consider those
responsible for Natural Disasters. Volcanoes, earthquakes, rock cycle, landslides Plate boundaries include
transform, convergent, divergent.

2. ______________________– The Earth is made up of large, lithospheric plates that move due to the
convection currents in the mantle (convection is the transfer of thermal/heat energy).

Earth’s lithosphere consists of a number of rigid but slowly moving plates. Floating on the molten magma of
the mantle. 3. ______________, made mostly of basalt, are denser and heavier. 4. ______________ are
lighter and are mostly granite. The study of the plates and their dynamic interaction in the building and
destruction of the crust is called plate tectonics.

5. “_____________" is a term used for a large landmass formed by the convergence of multiple continents. It
was formed 6. ______ million years ago.

These plates consist of the crust and a small amount of the underlying mantle. The plates slide over a weak
zone in the mantle at a rate of a few 7. ___________ per year.

Superheated magma 8. _________ and becomes 9. _________ and, therefore, rises toward the lithosphere. In
the upper mantle, materials that have risen from below 10. __________ causing contraction and greater
density. Upon cooling, magma sinks back to the mantle where it is reheated.

11-13 Three (3) Plate boundaries

____________ - plate tectonics are moving away from each other.
____________ - plate tectonics are coming together.
____________ - Plate tectonics move slide past each other.

14. A ___________ is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide,
and narrow compared with its length.
15-17. _____________ it is the buckling of a rock layers that was once horizontal. The two (2) types are:
_____________ and _____________.

18. _____________ is the result of the movement of the earth plates and this occurs where there is stress
along a weak point in the earth’s crust.

19-21. The three (3) types of Faulting: ____________, ______________, and _______________.

22-23. Stratigraphy is a branch of geology that studies rock layers (_________) and layering (____________).
24- 25. Two (2) ways to determine the age of the stratified rocks: ________________ and ________________.

26-30. The 4 Principles of Steno’s Law

a. ______________________- younger layer sit on top of lower layers
b. ______________________- layers of rocks are originally deposited flat.
c. ______________________- rock layer A and B must be older than intrusion C.
d. ______________________- layers are continuous until encounter solid bodies that block their
deposition.