Inductively Strong or weak Examples

1. Of all the 50 million swans, I saw, nothing is black. Therefore, no swan is black.
2. The sun has risen for the last 4.6 billion years. So, it will probably rise tomorrow.
3. 85% of Ethiopians are farmers. Zeritu Kebede is an Ethiopian. So, Zeritu Kebede is a farmer.
4. All previous American presidents were men. Therefore, probably the next American president will be a
man.
5. All previous American presidents were TV debators. Therefore, probably the next American president
will be a TV debator.
6. After eating lunch at the same restaurant, five individuals became ill with hepatitis. Inspectors from the
Health department learned that while the five individuals had eaten different foods, they had all had
tomatoes in their salad. Furthermore, this was the only food that all five had eaten. The inspectors
concluded that the disease had been transmitted by the tomatoes.
7. Nahom reasons as follows: I have taken three girls from AAU to dinner: Rekik, Betel and Heaven. On
each occasion, these girls ordered the most expensive dinner on the menu. Therefore, I concluded that in
all probability every girl from AAU will, if taken to dinner, order the most expensive thing on the menu.
8. Miriam has read and enjoyed the historical novels of Margaret Sugarblood, which always concern
romantic themes of love and marriage in by-gone days. A new novel by Miss Sugarblood has just
appeared and Miriam reasons that she is likely to enjoy reading this novel too.
9. The police said that John committed the murder. So, John committed the murder.
10. Two independent witnesses claimed John committed the murder. John’s fingerprints are the only ones on
the murder weapon. John confessed to the crime. John also has prior criminal record. So, John
committed the murder.
11. It looks like a duck and walks/quacks/flies…like a duck. So, it is a duck.
12. For the last two consecutive seasons, Manchester City won the English Premier League. From
this, it is reasonable to argue that Manchester City will win next season’s Premier League.
13. Every time I have eaten fir fir I have got stomach cramps. So, it’s a rule that when I eat fir fir I
get stomach cramps.
14. Last night I put some bottles of Coca-Cola in the refrigerator. So, they are probably frozen by
now.
15. Ato Wondemu was alcoholic throughout his life. The medical test shows that he is infected with
a liver cancer. It must be the case that his drinking habit caused his illness.
16. Your sample shows that more than 60% of the class is highly interested in learning logic.
Therefore, we may conclude that all students of the class are very much interested in learning
logic.
17. Mr. Thomas Michael, the director of World Food Program in Ethiopia mentioned that almost
eight million people of the country are facing food scarcity. Based on Mr. Thomas Michael’s
authority, it is reasonable to conclude that millions of Ethiopians are starved.