laLdkj jkstxkj jk"Vªokn yksdfgrokn

HkkfV;k vkJe lwjrx<+

¼bZekunkj iz'kklu] laosnu'khy iz'kklu] ldkjkRed ncax iz'kklu] tkfrokn jfgr iz'kklu½
mŸkjdq¡th
jktLFkku jkT; ,oa v/khuLFk lsok,¡ la;qDr çfr;ksxh ¼eq[;½ ijh{kk&2021
Paper- IV
10 Qjojh 2022] xq#okj
vad&200 le; & 3 ?k.Vs
PAPER-IV GENERAL HINDI & GENERAL ENGLISH
(Total Marks : 200 Marks)
(120 Marks)
(120 vad)
Part-A Marks : 50
Hkkx&v vad % 50
uksV% lHkh ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsaA izR;sd iz'u ds fy, 2 vad fu/kkZfjr gaSA
1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh laf/k dhft,%&
¼i½ ek;k$vkpj.k = ek;kpj.k ¼ii½ jfo$bUnz = johUnz
¼iii½ pew$ÅtkZ = pewtkZ ¼iv½ ij$midkj = ijksidkj
2- bu 'kCnksa dk laf/k&foPNsn dhft, %&
¼i½ erSdrk = er$,drk ¼ii½ nw/kkSnu = nw/k$vksnu
¼iii½ egkS"k/k = egk$vkS"k/k ¼iv½ rFkSo = rFkk$,o
3- fuEukafdr dh laf/k dhft,%&
¼i½ vfHk$vkxr = vH;kxr ¼ii½ lq$vYi = LoYi
¼iii½ vuq$bZ{kk = vUoh{kk ¼iv½ fir`$vkKk = fi=kKk
4- bu milxksZa ds la;ksx ls nks&nks 'kCn fyf[k,%&
¼i½ vfHk = vfHkKku] vfHkK] vfHku;] vfHkizk;] vfHkHkk"k.k
¼ii½ fu = fuÑ"V] fu{ksi] fuf[ky] fu;kstu] fujr
5- bu 'kCnksa esa ls milxZ i`Fkd dhft, %&
¼i½ U;k; = fu ¼ii½ izrh{kk = izfr
¼iii½ i;ZVu = ifj ¼iv½ O;Lr = fo
6- bu izR;;ksa ds la;ksx ls nks&nks 'kCn cukb;s%&
¼i½ vuh; = dFkuh;] xksiuh;] xzg.kh;] fparuh;
¼ii½ vu = my>u] ?kqVu] ,saBu] pqHku
7- fuEu 'kCnksa ls izR;; i`Fkd dhft,%&
¼i½ pkykd = vkd ¼ii½ vfM+;y = b;y
¼iii½ ?kqM+dh = bZ ¼iv½ [kjkZVk = vkVk
-1-
8- fuEukafdr 'kCnksa ds foykse 'kCn fyf[k,%&
¼i½ vfrfFk = vkfrFks; ¼ii½ vts; = ts;
¼iii½ vfHk;qDr = vfHk;ksxh ¼iv½ viZ.k = xzg.k
9- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ds foykse fyf[k, %&
¼i½ vLrs; = Lrs; ¼ii½ vkn`r = vukn`r] fujkn`r] frjLÑr
¼iii½ vkfoHkkZo = frjksHkko ¼iv½ vYiK = cgqK
10- fn, x, 'kCnksa ds nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k, %&
¼i½ varfj{k = vkdk'k] mPpkdk'k] [ke/;] c`gnkdk'k] egkdk'k
¼ii½ vn`'; = var/kkZu] vxkspj] vpk{kq"k] vizdV] vizR;{k
11- bu 'kCnksa ds nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k, %&
¼i½ ?kksM+k = v'o] rqjax] ?kksVd] ckth] lSa/ko] g;
¼iii½ vj.; = vVoh] dkarkj] dkuu] taxy] ou
12- fuEukafdr 'kCn&;qXe dk vFkZ Hksn Li"V dhft, %&
¼i½ vx&v?k = lw;Z@ igkM+ & iki
¼ii½ v;'k&v;l = cnukeh&yksgk
13- fuEukafdr 'kCn&;qXeksa dk vFkZ Hksn Li"V dhft, %&
¼i½ vuy&vfuy = vkx&gok ¼ii½ vfHkK&vufHkK = fo'ks"kK&vutku
14- fuEufyf[kr okD;k'kksa ds fy, lkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k, %&
¼i½ ftls tkuk u tk lds = vKs;
¼ii½ jk"Vªifr@jkT;iky }kjk tkjh vkns'k@ lhfer vof/k dk vkns'k = v/;kns'k
15- bu okD;k'kksa ds fy, lkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k, %&
¼i½ igkM+ ds Åij dh tehu = vf/kR;dk
¼ii½ fo/kkf;dk }kjk LohÑr fu;e = vf/kfu;e
16- fuEukafdr 'kCnksa ds 'kq) :i fyf[k,%&
¼i½ vuqxzfgr = vuqx`ghr ¼ii½ vkokgu = vkg~oku
¼iii½ bZa/ku = bZa/ku ¼iv½ vgksjkf= = vgksjk=
17- fuEUfyf[kr 'kCnksa ds 'kq) :i fyf[k,%&
¼i½ mYysf[kr = mfYyf[kr ¼ii½ dfu"V = dfu"B
¼iii½ ÑRkX; = ÑrK ¼iv½ dfo;=h = dof;=h
18- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ds 'kq) :i fyf[k, %&
¼i½ ;g lPps balku gS = ;s lPps balku gSaA
¼ii½ izk;% lHkh yksx nq[kh gSa = izk;% ¼;k lHkh½ yksx nq[kh gaSA
19- bu okD;ksa ds 'kq) :i fyf[k,%&
¼i½ xgjh leL;k = xaHkhj leL;k
¼ii½ bl ikB dks i<+ks = ;g ikB i<+ks
20- bu eqgkojksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djds vFkZ Li"V dhft, %&
¼i½ vad&Hkjuk = cgqr Lusg ls feyuk
¼ii½ vius iSjksa ij [kM+k gksuk = vkRefuHkZj gksuk
21- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djds vFkZ Li"V dhft,%&
¼i½ vk¡[kas can gksuk = e`R;q gks tkuk
¼ii½vkdk'k ls ckrsa djuk = cgqr Å¡pk gksuk
22- fuEukafdr yksdksfDr;ksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djds vFkZ Li"V dhft,%&
¼i½ vkxs dqvk¡ ihNs [kkbZ = nksuksa vksj ladV
¼ii½ vk/kk rhrj vk/kk cVsj = vuesy ;ksx
-2-
23- fuEufyf[kr yksdksfDr;ksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djds vFkZ Li"V dhft, %&
¼i½ Å¡V ds eq¡g esa thjk = vko;'drk dh rqyuk esa ek¡x vf/kd gksuk
¼ii½ dj ys lks dke vkSj Hkt ys lks jke = le; ij tks dj fy;k tk, ogh viuk gSA
24- fuEukafdr ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa ds lekukFkZd fgUnh ikfjHkkf"kd fyf[k,%&
¼i½ BUDGET HEAD = vk;&O;; en
¼ii½ CASH-BOOK = jksdM+ cgh
25- fuEukafdr ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa ds lekukFkZd fgUnh ikfjHkkf"kd fyf[k,%&
¼i½ UTILITY CERTIFICATE = mi;ksfxrk izek.k i=
¼ii½ NOTIONAL BENEFIT = dkYifud ykHk
Part-B Marks :50
Hkkx&c vad % 50
fuEufyf[kr çR;sd ç'u 10 vad dk gSA

26-

xksfoUn 'kekZ fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh] izHkkjh lkekU; fpfdRlky;] xaxkiqj dh lsok,¡ jktLFkku gkml fnYyh esa fpfdRld ds in ij
dk;Z laHkkyus gsrq ,d o"kZ ds fy, izfrfu;qfDr ij nh tkuh gSA bl gsrq dk;kZy; vkns'k tkjh dhft,A

jktLFkku ljdkj
LokLF; foHkkx ¼xqzi&7½
'kklu lfpoky;] t;iqj
Øñiñ6@2 Lokñ@izfrñfuñ@107@12 fnukad 22 flrEcj] 2012

dk;kZy; vkns'k
Jh xkfoUn 'kekZ fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh izHkkjh lkekU; fpfdRlky; xaxkiqj] flVh ¼djkSyh½ dh lsok,¡ jktLFkku gkml
fnYyh esa fpfdRld ds in ij dk;ZHkkj lEHkkyus dh frfFk ls ,d o"kZ ds fy, izfrfu;qfDr ij nh tkrh gSA mudh lsok,¡ jkT;
ds foŸk foHkkx ,oa LokLF; foHkkx }kjk tkjh vkns'kksa ds rgr~ ,d o"kZ ls vf/kd le; ds fy, Hkh izHkkoh gks ldrh gSA

gLrk{kj
¼d[kx½
fof'k"V lfpo

Øñiñ6@2 Lokñ@izfrñfuñ@107&110@12 fnukad 22 flrEcj] 2012

izfrfyfi % fuEufyf[kr dks lwpukFkZ ,oa vko';d dk;Zokgh gsrq izsf"kr gS %
1- funs'kd LokLF; foHkkx] t;iqjA
2- izHkkjh vf/kdkjh jktLFkku gkml] fnYyhA
3- eq[; fpfdRlk ,oa LokLF; vf/kdkjh] djkSyhA
4- Jh xksfoUn 'kekeZ] fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh] izHkkjh lkekU; fpfdRlky;] xaxkiqj ¼djkSyh½A
5- dk;kZy; izfrfyfiA

gLrk{kj
¼d[kx½
fof'k"V lfpo

-3-
27-
dk;kZy; ifj;kstuk funs'kd ¼vkoklu½
jktLFkku 'kgjh is;ty] lhojst ,oa vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk fuxe fyfeVsM
¼jktLFkku ljdkj dk miØe½
i= Øekad %& :Mfldks@ih-Mh- ¼gk½@t;iqj@2021&22@ 158 fnukad%& 03-02-2022
bZ&fufonk lwpuk la[;k & 14@2021&22
NIB Code:- RDP2122A0029
UBN : RDP2122WLOB00050
UBN : RDP2122WLOB00051
UBN : RDP2122WLOB00052
iz/kkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk ¼lcds fy, vkokl½& 'kgjh ds varxZr eq[;ea=h tu
vkokl ;kstuk&2015 ds rgr 3 'kgjksa ds fy, fufonk,sa
^eq[;ea=h tu vkokl ;kstuk &2015* ds izko/kku 4 , ¼i½ ds varxZr jktLFkku ds 3 'kgjksa & Hkhueky] NcM+k ,oa
djkSyh esa EWS & LIG Flats (G+3) dh ;kstuk,sa Turnkey Basis ij fuekZ.k gsrq vuqHkoh ,oa l{ke
fodkldRrkZ@ Hkou fuekZrk@ laosndksa ls fu/kkZfjr izi= eas f}cksyh i)fr }kjk bZ&izkDs ;kjesVa izfØ;k vuqlkj
vkWuykbu fufonk;sa vkeaf=r dh tkrh gSA ¼lHkh ;kstukvksa dh vuqekfur dqy ykxr :i;s 15780-74 yk[k½
fufonk ls lacaf/kr leLr fooj.k osc lkbZV %& http://eproc.rajasthan.gov.in,
www.urban.rajasthan.gov.in/rudsico o http://www.sppp.raj.nic.in ls MkmuyksM fd;k tk ldrk
gSA

ifj;kstuk funs'kd ¼vkoklu½

jkt-laokn@lh@21@11412 :Mfldks] t;iqj

28- fuEukfdar vuqPNsn dk fgUnh esa vuqokn dhft,A

Gandhiji was asked by one of his visitores what was the fundamental motive in the work
which he had done for India. Was it social, or political, or religious ? His activities have
spread so widely into all three spheres, and have exercised so deep an influence both on
the fundamental sturcture of Hindu society and on the political status of India that such
question is natural.
Gandhiji replied : "My motive has been purely religious......... I could not be leading a
religious life unless I took part in politics. I do not know any religion apart from human
activity.
fdlh vkxarqd us xk¡/kh th ls iwNk fd mUgksuas Hkkjr ds fy, tks dk;Z fd;k mleas mudk ewy mís'; D;k
FkkA og lkekftd Fkk] vFkok jktuSfrd] ;k /kkfeZd \ bu rhuksa {ks=ksa esa muds fØ;kdyki brus O;kid gSa
vkSj mudk fgUnq lekt ds ekSfyd <k¡ps rFkk Hkkjr dh jktuhfrd fLFkfr ij bruk vlj gqvk fd mDr
iz'u iwNuk LokHkkfod gSA xk¡/kh th us mRrj fn;k fd & esjk mís'; iw.kZr;k /kkfeZd jgk gSA eSa /kkfeZd
thou rc rd ugha fcrk ldrk Fkk tc rd leLr ekuo tkfr ls vius vkidks ifjfpr u dj yw¡ vkSj
;g dk;Z eSa jktuhfr esa Hkkx fy, fcuk ugha dj ldrk FkkA ekuoh; fØ;kdykiksa ls i`Fkd fdlh /keZ dh
eq>s tkudkjh ugha gSA

-4-
29- fuEufyf[kr vorj.k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd nsrs gq, yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ 'kCnksa esa laf{kIrhdj.k dhft,%&
^^yksdxhrksa dh ewy cksyh vFkok Hkk"kk dk irk yxkuk dfBu gh ugha] vlaHko&lk gS] D;kasfd yksdxhr mRiUu
gksdj Hkk"kk ds izokg esa rSjrs pyrs gSaA euq"; ds daB gh muds ?kkV gSaA mi;qDr daB ikdj dksbZ dgha clsjk ys
ysrk gSA yksdxhrksa ij muds vklikl dk ,slk izHkko iM+ tkrk gS fd mudk ewy :i dk;e ugha jgrkA blls
tgk¡ os xk;s tkus yxrs gSa] ogk¡ ds cgqr ls 'kCn] tks i;kZ;okph gksrs gSa] muesas cSB tkrs gSa vkSj muds ewy 'kCnksa
dks LFkku&P;qr dj nsrs gSaA blesa dkSulk xhr igys&igys dgk¡ cuk bldk irk ugha yxk;k tk ldrkA dsoy
bl ckr dk irk yx ldrk gS fd dkSulk xhr dgk¡ xk;k tkrk gS \^^
mÙkj& yksd xhrksa dh ewy Hkk"kkA yksdxhrksa dh ewy Hkk"kk [kkstuk vlaHko&lk gS D;kasfd yksdxhr l`tu&dky ls
gh mi;qDr daBksa esa cldj Hkk"kk&izokg esa rSjrs pyrs gSaA muds 'kCnksa dks LFkkuh; i;kZ;okph LFkku&P;qr dj nsrs
gSaA muds mn~Hko&LFkku dk ugha] orZeku LFkku dk Kku laHko gSaA

30- fuEufyf[kr dFku dk Hkko foLrkj fyf[k,% ¼'kCn lhek : yxHkx 100 'kCn½
^deksZa dh /ofu 'kCnksa ls Å¡ph gksrh gSA^
mÙkj& 'kCn rc gh vU; rd igq¡prs gSa] mUgsa izHkkfor djrs gSa tc mueas /ofu gksrh gS] os mPp Loj esa vfHkO;Dr
fd, tkrs gS fdarq tks 'kCn ds }kjk dgk tkrk gS ;fn mls vius deZ ds }kjk izLrqr dj fn;k tk, rks mudh
/ofu 'kCnksa dh /ofu ls Hkh Å¡ph gksrh gS vFkkZr~ os vU; dks 'kCnksa ls Hkh vf/kd izHkkfor djrs gSA
fuLlansg 'kCnksa esa laizs"k.kh; 'kfDr gksrh gS] os Jksrk ds ekul dks cnyus esa izHkkoh gksrs gS] :lks us Lora=rk ds
ckjs eas tks&dqN dgk mlls Ýkafllh Økafr laHko gksus esa enn feyh] ekDlZ ds fopkjksa ls nqfu;k esa lkE;oknh
Økafr;k¡ gqbZ fdarq ysfuu] ekvks vkSj xka/kh us vius deksZa ds }kjk ekuo laLÑfr ds ifjorZu dk tks lk{kkr~ ekxZ
izLrqr fd;k mlus nqfu;k dks vf/kd xgjkbZ ls izHkkfor fd;kA oLrqr% deZ fdlh fopkj dh laHko'khyrk dks
izLrqr djrs gSa] yksxksa esa ,slk fd, tk ldus ds izfr fo'okl iSnk gksrk gS] fopkj vkSj deZ dh nwjh vkSj }Srrk
lekIr gksrh gSA deZ dks lk{kkr~ gksrk gqvk ns[kus ij og deZ rks dj.kh; yxrk gh gS lkFk gh Lo;a drkZ Hkh
xgu vkLFkk vkSj J)k dk ik= cu tkrk gS] og vuqdj.kh; yxus yxrk gSA jke]Ñ".k] cq)] egkohj] bZlk]
eksgEen vkfn gtkjksa o"kksZa ds ckn Hkh yk[kksa&djksM+ksa yksxksa dks izHkkfor fd, gq, gSaA og muds deksZa dh /ofu gS
tks ekSu :i esa yksxksa rd igq¡p jgh gSA chloha lnh dk egkekuo xka/kh Hkh vius deksZa ds }kjk gh fo'o ds
O;kid tu&leqnk; dks izHkkfor dj ldk gSA

Part-C Marks :20

Hkkx&l vad %20
fuEufyf[kr ç'u 10 vad dk gSA

31- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fuca/k fyf[k,A ¼'kCn lhek yxHkx 250 'kCn½
1- vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk orZeku ,oa Hkfo";
2- efgyk 'kfDr lEiUuhdj.k % pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj lEHkkouk,¡
3- yksdiz'kklu esa ikjnf'kZrk dh vko';drkA
mÙkj&
vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk orZeku ,oa Hkfo";
cnyrs nkSj esa vkt tgk¡ lc dqN fMftVy gks jgk gS] ogha f'k{kk dk {ks= Hkh blls vNwrk ugha gS fQj dksfoM&19 tSlh
egkekjh us ekuo thou ds yxHkx lHkh {ks=ksa dks izHkkfor fd;k gS] ftlesa f'k{kk {ks= ij bldk O;kid izHkko iM+k gSA
blfy, vkt le; dh ek¡x gS fd vkWuykbu f'k{kk dks c<+kok fn;k tk,A Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkh dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds nkSj
esa f'k{kk esa gq, uqdlku dks de djus ds fy, ^Hkkjr i<s+ vkWuykbu ;kstuk* 'kq: dh gS] tks vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds c<+rs
egRo dks js[kkafdr djrh gSA oLrqr% orZeku ds lkFk&lkFk Hkfo"; esa Hkh vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk egRo fujarj c<+sxk] ysfdu
gesa ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd vkWuykbZu f'k{kk ds ykHk ds lkFk&lkFk dqN O;kogkfjd gkfu;k¡ Hkh gSa] bls lko/kkuh iwoZd
viukus dh t:jr gSA
-5-
vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk vFkZ & vkWuykbu f'k{kk dEI;wVj vk/kkfjr usVodZ ls laca) gksrh gSA blesa fo|kFkhZ ?kj ij jgdj Hkh
f'k{kk izkIr djrk gSA blds varxZr fo|kFkhZ ohfM;ks ds ek/;e ls ykHkkfoar gksrs gSa] blesa f'k{kd ls izR;{k laca/k ugha gksrk
gSA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk bysDVªkWfud vuqiz;ksxksa vkSj lh[kus dh izfØ;kvksa ds mi;ksx dks lanfHkZr djrh gSA vkWuykbu f'k{kk gsrq
b.VjusV dk dusD'ku] dEI;wVj] LekVZQksu vkfn egRoiw.kZ lkexzh dh t:jr gksrh gSA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds ek/;e@izdkj & vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds izdkj fuEufyf[kr gSa &
1- ykbo ohfM;ks Dyklst & bldss varxZr ,d gh le; esa fo|kFkhZ vkSj f'k{kd vyx&vyx LFkkuksa ls ,d&nwljs ls
'kSf{kd laokn djrs gSaA bl rjg dh d{kk esa fo|kFkhZ vius iz'uksa dk rRdky mRrj tku ikrs gSa] ftlls mudk ml fo"k;
ls lacaf/kr lansg Hkh nwj gks tkrk gSA blh dkj.k bls ^fj;y Vkbe yfuZax* Hkh dgrs gSaA
2- izh fjdkWMM s ohfM;ks Dyklst & bl O;oLFkk esa ikB~;Øe ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh igys ls gh miyC/k gksrh gSA bl izdkj
dh vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk ykHk ;g gS fd fo|kFkhZ fdlh Hkh le; bldk ykHk mBk ldrs gSa vFkkZr bl d{kk dks dHkh Hkh
ns[k ldrs gSaA bl 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk esa fo|kFkhZ vkSj f'k{kd ds chp okLrfod le; esa dksbZ laokn djus dk fodYi ugha
gksrk gSA
3- LykbM~l & vkWuykbu f'k{kk esa lw{e ls lw{e oLrqvksa ds v/;;u esa LykbM~l iz.kkyh dkQh mi;ksxh gSA budk iz;ksx
f'k{k.k dkS'ky dks izHkkoh cukrk gSA LykbM dks iznf'kZr djus ds fy, izkstDs Vj dh vko';drk gksrh gSA LykbM~l ds dbZ
izdkj gSa & ySaVuZ LykbM~l] lsyQksu LykbM~l] Xykl LykbM~l] QksVksxzkfQd LykbM~l
4- vkWuykbu VsLV & fMftVy ;qx esa vkt vkWuykbu VsLV dk Hkh egRo dkQh c<+ x;k gSA bldh lgk;rk ls fo|kFkhZ
dks eq[; ijh{kk dh rS;kjh esa dkQh enn feyrh gS] D;ksafd blls fo|kFkhZ viuh xyfr;ksa dks lq/kkj ldrs gSa] lkFk gh
viuh Vkbfeax dks Hkh lsV dj ldrs gSaA ;g VsLV dkxt&dye ls ugha cfYd dEI;wVj ij fn;k tkrk gSA ijh{kk 'kq:
gksus ls igys LVkVZ V~;Vw ksfj;y ls ijh{kk ds fu;e crk, tkrs gSaA
5- ihMh,Q vk/kkfjr vkWuykbu f'k{kk & izh fjdkWfMM ohfM;ks Dyklst ;k LykbM~l ds }kjk fn, tk jgs ysDpj esa eq[;r%
ihMh,Q ds ist dks gh ,d&,d dj LØhu ij izLrqr dj i<+k;k tkrk gSA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk ls ykHk & vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls d{kkvksa dk f'k{k.k vf/kd jkspd vkSj laoknkRed cuk;k tk jgk
gS] ftlls cPps bl ij vf/kd ls vf/kd /;ku ns jgs gSaA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk dksbZ Hkh] dgha Hkh vkSj dHkh Hkh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ;k=k ds nkSjku ;k fQj fdlh
dkj.ko'k vodk'k ysus ij NqVs gqq, fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk dks izkRs lkgu nsus ls fo|kFkhZ u,&u, Kku Hkh izkIr djsaxsA lkFk gh f'k{kdksa ij l{ke] vn~;ru u gksus
vkSj f'k{kdksa dh deh ds tks vkjksi yxrs gSa mls Hkh nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Hkkjr tSl fo'kky ns'k esa i;kZIr Ldwy&dkWyt s ugha gSA vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds fodYi ls Ldwyksa&dkWystksa ij ncko de gksxk
vkSj vfHkHkkodksa ,oa cPpksa ds fy, vius <ax ls i<+u& s i<+kus dh Lora=rk gksxh vFkkZr~ Ldwy&dkWyst esa esa nkf[kys dh
vfuok;Zrk [kRe gks tk,xhA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk ls Nk= Lo;a ;g le>sxsa fd os lh[ksr gSa] mUgsa D;k ilUn vkSj fdl leFkZu dh vko';drk gSA lkFk gh
Nk= Lora= :i ls 'kks/k djsaxs vkSj ,d ubZ izLrqfr dk fuekZ.k djsaxsA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk ls Nk=ksa dks nqfu;k ds loZJ"s B fo'ofo|ky; o loZJ"s B f'k{kdksa ls xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk fey ldrh gSA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk ls gkfu@lacaf/kr pqukSfr;k¡ &
vkWuykbu f'k{kk dEI;wVj vk/kkfjr usVodZ ls laca/k gksrh gS] ftlds fy, dbZ midj.kksa dh t:jr gksrh gS tks dkQh eagxsa
gksrs gSaA bl dkj.k vkWuykbu f'k{kk ikuk lcds fy, laHko ugha gSA
vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds varxZr Nk= fdlh iz'u dk tokc baVjusV ij vklkuh ls izkIr dj ysrs gSa] ,sls esa Nk= dHkh fdlh
fo"k; ij i<+rs gq, lksp fopkj ugha dj ldrs gSaA
euksoSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj vkWuykbu f'k{kk rukoiw.kZ gSA buds 'kks/k ds vuqlkj 15 feuV ds vkWuykbu v/;;u ds ckn
Nk=ksa esa uksV~l ysus dh :fp [kRe gks tkrh gSA
gky ds uohu losZ ds vuqlkj vkWuykbu f'k{kk ls cPpksa ds 'kkjhfjd o ekufld LokLF; ij foijhr izHkko iM+ jgk gSA
Hkkjrh; fparu ijEijk ds vuqlkj f'k{kk ds rhu mís'; gSa & O;fDr ,oa pfj= fuekZ.k] lekt dY;k.k dk mRrjksRrj
fodklA vkWuykbu f'k{kk bu y{;ksa dh iwfrZ dgk¡ rd djrh gS] bldh tk¡p t:jh gSA
dbZ fo"k; cgqr dh O;kokfjd gSa & tSls foKku ds iz;ksx] f'kYi] 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk] fMtkbfuax vkfn esa fo|kFkhZ dk gkFk
idM+dj fl[kkuk vko';d gksrk gSA
vf/kdka'k f'k{k.k vkWuykbu f'k{k.k ds fy, izf'kf{kr ugha gSa] ftl dkj.k vkWuykbu f'k{k.k dk lkeuk djus ls os nwj Hkkxrs
gSaA

-6-
vkWuykbu f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus gsrq fd, tk jgs iz;kl &
ifjorZu lalkj dk fu;e gS rFkk ifjorZu ds nkSj esa jk"Vª] lekt o O;fDr vius dks cny ysxk] og fuf'pr :i ls
fodkl ds iFk ij vkxs gSaA Hkkjr esa ljdkjh Ldwy] dkWyst vkfn lajpukvksa esa vkWuykbu f'k{kk dks egRo fn;k tk jgk
gSA ;gk¡ rd fd fofHkUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kk( tSls flfoy lsok] esfMdy] bUthfu;fjax vkfn dh rS;kjh djkus okys dksafpx
laLFkku Hkh blesa tqV x, gSaA dsUnz ljdkj us bl o"kZ ds ctV eas Hkh yxHkx 100 dkWystksa esa vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds ckjs esa
izko/kku fd, gSa &
1- Lo;a ¼ SWAYAM½& Lo;a dk foLrkj :i Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds
gSA ;g ,d ,slk fu%'kqYd vkWuykbu iksVZy gS] tks orZeku ;qokvksa dh vf/kxe vkdka{kkvksa dks b.VjusV ds ek/;e ls iwjk
djrk gSA bl igy ds ek/;e ls lHkh v/;;u lkexzh vkSj d{kk esa gq, ijh{k.k ds ohfM;ks dks fu%'kqYd fo|kfFk;ksa dks
miyC/k djk;k tk,xkA
2- Lo;aizHkk ¼Swayam Prabha½ & ekuo lalk/ku ea=ky; }kjk o"kZ 2017 esa 'kq: dh xbZ 32 pSuyksa okyh Lo;aizHkk Nk=ksa
dks fu%'kqYd vkWuykbu f'k{kk iznku djus okyk ,d iksVZy gSA bl iksVZy ds ek/;e ls Ldwy ls ysdj dkWyst rd ds lHkh
Nk=ksa dh lgk;rk dh tk,xh
3- ewDl ¼Massive Open Online Course, Moocs½ ;g fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ds fy, ,slk vkWuykbu ikB~;Øe gS] tks
lkekU; yksxksa ds fy, [kqyk gqvk gSA blds ek/;e ls yksxksa dks vius fy, fdlh fo"k; ij yksxksa ls varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij
tqM+us dk volj feysxkA
4- Hkkjr i<+s vkWuykbu & dksjksuk ladV ds nkSjs esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; us Hkkjr ds vkWuykbu f'k{kk ifjra= dks
csgrj cukus ds fy, yksxksa ds fopkj@lq>ko vkefU=r djus ds mís'; ls ^Hkkjr i<+s vkWuykbu* uked lkIrkfgd vfHk;ku
dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA
5- fo|knku 2-0 & bl dk;ZØe dk izkjEHk ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; us bZ&f'k{k.k ls lacaf/kr fo"k; lkexzh esa
;ksxnku djus ds fy, fd;k gSA ;g ,d jk"Vªh; dk;ZØe gS] ftlesa O;fDr vkSj laxBu f'k{kk ds {ks= esa bZ&f'k{k.k esa
;ksxnku dj ldrs gSaA
6- nh{kk ¼DIKSHA½ & ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; }kjk o"kZ 2017 esa Nk=ksa ds fy, iwjd f'k{k.k lkexzh iznku djus
vkSj f'k{kdksa ds dkS'ky dks vixzsM djus gsrq nh{kk IysVQkWeZ dk 'kqHkkjEHk fd;k x;k FkkA
7- ih,e bZ&fo|k & ;g vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk ,d dk;ZØe gS] ftls dksfoM&19 vkSj ykWdMkmu ds dkj.k gks jgs
vdknfed uqdlku dks ns[krs gq, dsUnz ljdkj }kjk pkyw fd;k tk,xkA
fu"d"kZ &
bl izdkj] ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;|fi vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds lanHkZ esa dqN pqukSfr;k¡ fo|eku gSa] ftls nwj fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A lkFk gh vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds ykHk vkt ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj T;knk gSaA fMftVy ;qx o dksjksuk laØe.k dh
Hk;kogrk us vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds egRo esa dkQh o`f) dh gS] ftls ljdkj ds fofHkUUk 'kS{kf.kd dk;ZØe ds lanHkZ esa le>k
tk ldrk gSA fuf'pr :i ls vkt dh ifjfLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk Hkfo";
dkQh mTToy gS vkSj ;g f'k{kk ds {ks= esa Økafr yk jgk gSA ysfdu lkFk gh gesa vkWuykbu f'k{kk dh dM+h fuxjkuh Hkh
djuh pkfg,] ftlls fd Nk=ksa dks bl rduhd dk iwjk ykHk izkIr gks] ogha mudk ekufld 'kkjhfjd o pkfjf=d guu Hkh
u gksA
efgyk 'kfDr lEiUuhdj.k % pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj lEHkkouk,¡
izfl) ukjhoknh ysf[kdk tseZsu xzhj dk ekuuk gS ^^iq:"k vxj vkt cnyk gqvk utj vkrk gS rks blfy, ugha fd og
^QsfefuLV* joS;k vf[r;kj dj jgk gS& oLrqr% og vkfFkZd nckoksa ds dkj.k mnkj utj vk jgk gSA**
vkSj ;g lp Hkh gS fd vkSjr dh vkfFkZd :i ls vkRefuHkZjrk us iq:"K dk thou dgha T;knk lgt vkSj vklku cuk;k
gSA og iq:'K pkgs firk gks] HkkbZ gks ;k ifrA ysfdu ;g foMacuk gh gS fd Hkkjrh; lekt esa [kkl rkSj ij iq#"k ds fy,
efgykvksa dh ;g fLFkfr Lohdkj dj ikuk cgqr gh viekutud gks x;k gSA ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fo:) vusd pqukSfr;ksa ls
yM+rh vdsyh L=h ds la?k"kksZa dks iq#"k ds f[kykQ u gksdj mu reke fLFkfr;ksa ds f[kykQ gSa tks mls dHkh 'kfDr lEiUu
gksus gh ugha nsrsA tgk¡ mlds l'kDr gksus ds gj iz;kl dk neu dj fn;k tkrk gSA
vDlj lHkh efgykvksa dks bl vk/kkj ij l'kDr eku fy;k tkrk gS fd Qyk¡ efgyk ns'k dh iz/kkuea=h cu xbZ] Qyk¡
efgyk ns'k dh lcls cM+h o lcls iqjkuh jktuhfrd ikVhZ dh v/;{k gS] Qyk¡ efgyk fdlh daiuh dh lhbZvks cu xbZ gS
vkfnA ,sls rdZ nsdj ;g lkfcr djus dh iwjh dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS pwfa d veqd {ks=ksa esa efgyk,¡ loZJ"s B inksa ij igq¡p
pqdh gS blfy, Hkkjr esa Hkh efgyk,a l'kDr gks jgh gSa vkSj 'kfDr lEiUuhdj.k dh rjQ c<+ jgh gSaA
geus maxyh ij fxuh tk ldus okyh pan 'kfDr&lEiUu lQy ,d ;k nks izfr'kr efgykvksa ds vk/kkj ij efgykvksa dks
l'kDr Bgjkus dh dksf'k'ksa rks Hkjiwj dha] ijUrq D;k dHkh mu 98 izfr'kr efgykvksa ds ckjs esa lkspk tks ^vkapy esa nw/k vkSj
vka[kksa esa ikuh* fy, vius vfLrRo dh [kkst esa] eqfDr dh ryk'k esa nj&cnj HkVdus dks etcwj gSa \
-7-
'kfDr mldks nh tkrh gS ftldh dqN lRrk gks ijUrq ;gk¡ rks efgyk,¡ thou ds lkekU; ukxfjd Hkh ughaA iq#"kksa dh
;qxks&;qxksa dh lRrk] ftlds bfrgkl] orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; lc ds ewy esa iq:"k gS] ml iq#"k dh lRrk dks Nhuus dk
nqLlkgl ,d detksj efgyk djs ;g dSls laHko gSA enZoknh vga bls dSls Lohdkj dj ysxk HkykA efgykvksa dks fn, x,
jktuhfrd vf/kdkjksa esa iq:"k us fdl rjg ls iSB cukbZ gS] mlesa dqN inksa dk ;g uewuk ns[kk tk,xk tgk¡ efgyk Hkys
gh iz/kku cuh gks exj fu.kZ; ^iz/kkuea=h* dh djsaxs] og rks ek= gLrk{kj djus ds fy, gh cuh gS vkSj dekscs'k ;gh
fLFkfr fo/kk;d vkSj lkaln ifRu;ksa dh Hkh gSA lkaln] fo/kk;d ;k fQj iz/kku efgyk ifr ds fo:) tk, bldh dYiuk
Hkh mlds fy, vlaHko gSA
gkykafd efgyk 'kfDr lEiUUkhdj.k dh ftruh pqukSfr;k¡ gSa] laHkkouk,¡ Hkh mruh gh T;knk gSa D;ksfa d fiNys lkS o"kZ
vkSj orZeku dh efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dh rqyuk djsa rks dqN ldkjkRed ewyHkwr cnyko t:j vk, gSa vkSj fir`lRrkRed
O;oLFkk dh nhokjsa Hkh fgyh gSaA muds 'kks"k.k ds vlguh; rjhdksa esa cgqr gh ldkjkRed cnyko vk, gSaA fofHkUu [ksyksa ls
ysdj lsuk] jktuhfr] ehfM;k vkSj fQYesa gj txg efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+ jgh gSA ifjorZu pkgs lksp esa gks pkgs
lekt esa ,d fnu es ugha yk;k tk ldrk] blesa lfn;k¡ yx tkrh gSA 'kwnz] nfyr] L=h bu rhuksa ds izfr O;ogkj esa
vktknh ds igys vkSj mlds ckn dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dkQh QdZ vk;k gSA nfer vkSj misf{kr bu rhuksa oxksZa dks vf/kdkj
Hkh fey jgsa gSa( ;s vkfFkZd :i ls l'kDr Hkh gks jgs gSa vkSj lekt dh eq[; /kkjk esa 'kkfey Hkh gks jgs gSaA ijarq] tehuh
gdhdr ;gh gS fd eq[; /kkjk esa 'kkfey gksus okyh efgykvksa dh la[;k ux.; gh gSA gekjs orZeku lafo/kku esa rks
efgykvksa ds fy,] muds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, fofHkUu izko/kku dj fn;s x, ijUrq ;g foMacuk gS fd O;kogkfjd :i eas
bu izko/kkuksa dh Lohdk;Zrk u ds gh cjkcj gSA ukjhoknh foe'kksZa vkSj efgyk vf/kdkjksa ds fy, fd;s x, fofHkUu vkanksyuksa
esa nks Lrjksa ij fL=;ksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds rgrA ftl ckr ij cgl lcls T;knk gqbZ gS og gS L=h dk vius 'kjhj ij
vf/kdkj] tgk¡ mldh ;kSu Lora=rk mldh bPNkvksa ls tqM+h gS] mldk 'kjhj mlds ifr dh fefYd;r ugha gS cfYd bl
ij lcls igyk vf/kdkj Lo;a ml L=h dk gh gS ckdh phtsa mldh bPNk ij gh fuHkZj gSaA
lkeqfgd vf/kdkjksa ds rgr ukjhokn us iSr`d laifRr esa yM+fd;ksa dh leku Hkkxhnkjh] ;krukoknh vkSj mRihM+d
oSokfgd laca/kksa ls vyx gksus ds fy, rykd dk vf/kdkj] fL=;ksa ds lekUutud jkstxkj] leku dke ds fy, iq:"kksa ds
leku osru vkSj lekt rFkk jktuhfr ds Lrj ij fu.kZ;ksa esa leku Hkkxhnkjh ds eqís mBk, gSaA ijUrq fl)kar vkSj fopkj ds
Lrj ij ftu L=h vf/kdkjksa dks LFkkfir djus esa lQyrk feyh gS mUgsa ifjokj vkSj lekt ds Lrj ij vHkh vkerkSj ij
O;kogkfjd :i ugha fn;k tk ldrk gSA L=h&fojks/kh reke ewY; brus Bksl rjhds ls lekt esa LFkkfir gks x, gSa fd
budh tM+ksa dks fgykuk bruk vklku dke ugha gSaA jkT; ds vf/kdkjh oxZ] iqfyl vkSj dkuwu }kjk Hkh L=h ds lkFk tks
HksnHkko vkSj nqO;Zogkj fd;k tkrk gS og vkSjr dks lHkh izdkj ds vieku vkSj vukpkj dks lgus ds fy;s foo'k djrk gSA
^^ efgyk 'kfDr lEiUuhdj.k dh ftruh pqukSfr;k¡ gSa]
laHkkouk,¡ Hkh mruh gh T;knk gSa D;ksafd fiNys lkS o"kZ
vkSj orZeku dh efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dh rqyuk djsa rks
dqN ldkjkRed ewyHkwr cnyko t+:j vk, gSa vkSj
fir`lRrkRed O;oLFkk dh nhokjsa Hkh fgyh gSaA muds 'kks"k.k
ds vlguh; rjhdksa esa cgqr gh ldkjkRed cnyko vk, gSaA
fofHkUu [ksyksa ls ysdj lsuk] jktuhfr] ehfM;k vkSj
fQYesa gj txg efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+ jgh gSA ifjorZu
pkgs lksp esa gks pkgs lekt esa ,d fnu esa ugha yk;k
tk ldrk] blesa lfn;k¡ yx tkrh gSaA 'kwnz] nfyr] L=h
bu rhuksa ds izfr O;ogkj esa vktknh ds igys vkSj mlds
ckn dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dkQh QdZ vk;k gSA**
lekurk vkSj Lora=rk dh lqUnj 'kCnkofy;k¡ x<+us esa n{k la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ds iz'kklu ra= esa Hkh fL=;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh
flQZ 15 izfr'kr gh gSA nqfu;k ds vOoy ekus tkus okys 96 ns'kksa ds fo/kkue.Myksa esa mUgsa vHkh rd fLkQZ 10 izfr'kr
txg gh fey ikbZ gSA vesfjdk tSls ns'k esa Hkh efgyk,¡ ges'kk ?kjsyw fgalk dk f'kdkj gksrh gSa vFkok bl vk'kadk ls
vk'kafdr jgrh gSA ikfdLrku ukfHkdh; vL= cukdj Hkys gh [kqn ds izxfr'khy gksus dk nkok djs exj ogk¡ dh U;k;
O;oLFkk dk gJ vkt Hkh ;g gS fd ogk¡ nks efgykvksa dh xokgh dks ,d iq:"k ds cjkcj ekuk tkrk gS vkSj ogk¡ 70
izfr'kr efgyk vijk/kh ftu tqeksZa esa ltk dkV jgh gSa mUgsa iq:"kksa ds laca/k esa vijk/k ekuk gh ugha tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa
izfr gt+kj iq:"kksa ij egt+ 943 efgyk,¡ gh cph gSaA Hkkjr esa gj 20 oha vkSjr thou dh fdlh&u&fdlh voLFkk esa
vkRegR;k dk iz;kl djrh gSA ;q) ls gksus okys foLFkkiu ds f'kdkj nqfu;k Hkj ds 'kj.kkfFkZ;kas eas vkSjrsa vkSj cPps gSaA L=h
ds fo:) bLrseky fd;k tkus okyk lcls Øwj gfFk;kj cykRdkj gSA

-8-
 ;g lp gS] efgykvksa dks fn;s x, 'kfDr vkSj vf/kdkj izHkkoh fl) ugha gks jgs gSa] ijUrq bu pqukSfr;ksa ds chp
,d laHkkouk dh [kkst vo'; dh tk ldrh gSA L=h&vf/kdkj dk lh/kk laca/k ^thus ds vf/kdkj* ls gS blfy;s bls
[ksr&t+ehu] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k rFkk etnwj vkanksyuksa ls tksM+s tkus dh t+:jr gSA varjkZ"Vªh; vkSj LFkkuh; Lrjksa ij ,d
xSj&ljdkjh L=h vk;ksx cus tks fuxjkuh vkSj ncko lewg dk dke ldsA L=h dks euq"; dk ntkZ fnykus dh yM+kbZ
lekt ds Hkhrj jgdj gh yM+uh gSA L=h dks l'kDr cukus dk y{; mls ,d ^izfr&iq:"k* cukuk ugha cfYd L=h vkSj
iq:"k ds chp vf/kdre lekurk ij fVds ,d ,sls lekt dh jpuk djuk gS tgk¡ L=h iq:"k ls,d ntkZ uhps jgus ds nnZ
ls LFkk;h :i ls eqDr gks ldsA
yksd iz'kklu esa ikjnf'kZrk dh vko';drk
f}rh; iz'kklfud lq/kkj vk;ksx us viuh pkSFkh fjiksVZ eas ;g fVIi.kh dh gS fd &
^^lw;Z ds izdk'k ls vf/kd csgrj dksbZ jksxk.kquk'kd ugha gks ldrkA ikjnf'kZrk izR;sd ÑR;ksa dk ea= gksuh pkfg,A
U;k;ikfydk viuh dk;Zokfg;ksa dks [kqys esa vk;ksftr djds bl ckr dks bZekunkjh ls viukrh gSA ikjnf'kZrk ls tk¡p Hkh
lgt :i eas gks tkrh gSA^lwpuk dk vf/kdkj* O;oLFkk ds vkxeu us gekjs ns'k esa iz'kklfud <k¡psa dks okLro esa lgh fn'kk
esa yk fn;k gSA** fuf'pr :i ls vk;ksx dh ;g fVIi.kh yksd iz'kklu esa ikjnf'kZrk dh vko';drk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dks
Li"V dj nsrh gSA
nwljs iz'kklfud lq/kkj vk;ksx dh v/;{krk dj jgs Jheku ,e- ohjIIkk eksbyh us bl ckr dh flQkfj'k dh Fkh fd
^dk;kZy;h xksiuh;rk vf/kfu;e ¼vkWfQf'ky; lsØl s h ,DV½] 1923*] tks ljdkjh lwpuk dks turk dh igq¡p ls budkj
djus dk ,d vklku cgkuk gksrk Fkk] mls iwjh rjg ls gVk fn;k tkuk pkfg,A eksbyh us ;g Hkh dgk fd jk"Vªh; lqj{kk
dh n`f"V ls xqIr j[kk tkuk vfuok;Z gS rks mls jk"Vªh; lqj{kk vf/kfu;e ds varxZr yk;k tkuk pkfg;sA vHkh dqN o"kZ
igys dh gh ckr gS tc jktLFkku eas u, pqus x, ljiapksa ds ,d ny us vius 'kiFk xzg.k lekjksg esa xksiuh;rk dh 'kiFk
ysus ls budkj dj fn;k vkSj mlds LFkku ij ikjnf'kZrk dh 'kiFk yhA mudk dguk Fkk fd og vius dk;kZy;h dk;ksZa
dks vius ernkrkvksa ls ugha Nqik ldrs ftUgksaus vius liuksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s mUgsa pquk gSA
^us'kuy dSEisu QkWj ihiy jkbV Vw buQkWesZ'kUk* ds laLFkkid lnL; vkSj Hkkjr ds tkus&ekus i=dkj LoxhZ; iz Hkk"k tks'kh
us yksd iz'kklu esa O;kIr reke fojks/kkHkklksa dks ,d dgkuh ds ek/;e ls O;Dr fd;k FkkA mUgksaus mTtSu ds ,d ew[kZ
xM+fj;s dh ml dgkuh dks nksgjk;k Fkk tks ,d NksVh igkM+h ij cSBrs gh Hkfo";nz"Vk cu x;k FkkA mUgksaus ;g dgkuh
tkjh j[krs gq, dgk Fkh fd ^^fnYyh esa jk;lhuk fgy uked ,d NksVh igkM+h gSA ml ij tks Hkh cSBrk gS og ,d gh
Hkk"kk cksyrk gS fd ;fn vki xM~<k [kksnksxs rks vkidks ^osYl* dk flagklu feysxkA** ljdkjksa dk Lo:i izfØ;kvksa ea]s
'kklu ds <k¡psa ij muds izHkko fd lRrk dh dqlhZ ij dkSu cSBk gS] yksxksa dks mldh tokcnsgh r; djuh gksxhA yksd
iz'kklu esa ikjnf'kZrk 'kCn dk iz;ksx [kqykiu vkSj tokcnsgh ds vFkZ esa fd;k tkrk gSA ,d laxBu dks rc ikjn'khZ ekuk
tkrk gS tc blds fu.kZ;&fuekZ.k vkSj blds dke djus dk <ax turk ds lkeus] ehfM;k dh Nkuchu ds fy;s vkSj
lkoZtfud ppkZ ds fy;s [kqyk gksA iz'kklu dh ,d ikjn'khZ O;oLFkk ljdkj ds fu.kZ;&fuekZ.k esa turk }kjk lgHkkxh
gksus esa lgk;rk djrh gS vkSj bl izdkj mldk fupys Lrj rd ;ksxnku vkSj iztkrkaf=d dk;Z gks tkrk gSA gekjs oru
ds igjsnkjksa dks vius mRrjnkf;Roksa dks iwjh bZekunkjh ds lkFk fuHkkuk gh gksxk &
^^,sls ugha tkxdj cSBks rqe gks igjsnkj peu ds]
fpark D;k gS lksus nks ;fn lksrs gSa ljnkj peu ds]
ubZ jks'kuh xys yxkvks vknj lfgr dgha cSBkvks
fBBqjh mnklhurk vks<s+ lks;k okrkoj.k txkvksA
/kjs gkFk ij gkFk u cSBks dksbZ u;k fodYi fudkyks]
tax yxs gkSalys ek¡t yks cq>k gqvk iq#"kkFkZ txk yksA**
blesa dksbZ nks jk; ugha gS fd ns'k esa Hkz"Vkpkj dh tM+as ftruh xgjh vkSj O;kid gks pqdh gSa os flQZ iz'kklfud lq/kkjksa ls
ugha cfYd O;kid jktuhfrd lq/kkjksa] [kkldj pqukoh lq/kkjksa vkSj jktuhfrd nyksa ds yksdra=hdj.k ls gh laHko gSaA
orZeku lanHkZ eas vPNh ckr ;g gS fd Hkz"Vkpkj [kkldj laLFkkxr Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ ,d O;kid tu Hkkouk tu Hkkouk
fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA f}rh; iz'kklfud lq/kkj vk;ksx us ^'kklu esa uSfrdrk* uked viuh pkSFkh fjiksVZ esa
jktuhfrd&U;kf;d&iz'kklfud lq/kkjks ls ysdj bZekunkj yksd lsodksa ds laj{k.k ds reke mik; lq>k, gSaA lwpuk dk
vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e&2005 yksd iz'kklu esa ikjnf'kZrk dh fn'kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gS ftlls ljdkjh Hkz"Vkpkj ij Hkh
dqN yxke yx ldh gS] ijUrq gky ds le; esa dqN ljdkjksa us ,sls ladsr fn;s gSa fd os lwpuk ds vf/kdkj dks vkSj
vf/kd et+cwr ugha djuk pkgrh gSa] vfirq bls dqN detksj fLFkfr esa gh j[kuk pkgrh gSaA tc muls ckj&ckj dqN
dfe;ksa dks nwj djus dks dgk x;k rks mUgksua s bl vksj dksbZ /;ku ugha fn;kA ^Hkkjr esa lwpuk ds vf/kdkj dh O;oLFkk ds
tu vkdyu* 'kh"kZd ls izdkf'kr ,d v/;;u eas bl ckr ij fpark O;Dr dh xbZ gS fd lwpuk ds vf/kdkj dkuwu ds
varxZr tkudkjh izkIr djus okyksa dks Mjk;k&/kedk;k tkrk gS vkSj dbZ ckj mu ij tkuysok geys Hkh fd;s tkrs gSaA
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 t:jh gS fd mudh lqj{kk ds fy;s fOgly CyksvlZ dkuwu dks 'kh?kz ykxw fd;k tk, rHkh ikjnf'kZrk esa ukxfjdksa ds
;ksxnku dks lwfuf'pr fd;k tk ldsxkA dqN ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa dk ;g dguk gS fd tkudkjh bu dk;kZy;ksa dks fcuk
ekaxs Lor% gh fcuk tkudkjh ekaxs bu dk;kZy;ksa dks miyC/k djok nsuk pkfg;sA lwpuk vkSj rduhdh dk yksd iz'kklu esa
vf/kdkfjd iz;ksx O;oLFkk dks vf/kd ikjn'khZ cuk ldrk gSA dk¶rk us vius dFku esa O;Dr fd;k gSA ;g Hkh rks lp gS
fd ge FkksM+k gh lgh] vius yksxksa ds psgjs ij eqLdku yk lds gSaA nq%[k&nnksZa vkSj la?k"kkZas ds nkSj ls xqt+jrs gq,] ns'k
etcwrh vkSj ladYi ds lkFkk fu/kkZfjr ekxZ ij vkxs c<+ jgk gSA ysfdu gesa ;g lkspuk vkSj le>uk gh gksxk fd yacs
la?k"kksZa ds nkSj esa fodflr gekjh thou&n`f"V dgha HkVd rks ugha xbZ gSA ml le;] tc e/;jkf= esa fo'o lks jgk Fkk
vkSj Hkkjr thoarrk vkSj Lora=rk ds lkFk tkx`r gqvk Fkk] geus tks okns fd;s Fks D;k ge mUgsa fuHkkus esa lQy jgs gSa \
egkxkFkkvksa ds vkn'kksZa dks lkdkj cukus ds fy;s dkjxj ra= nk;js dh t:jr gksrh gSA flfoy lsok,¡ jkT; dk ,slk
iz'kklfud ra=] ,slk dk;Zdkjh <k¡pk gSa tks vkn'kksZa dks ;FkkFkZ esa cnyus dk vkSt+kj curh gSaA Hkkjr dks fczfV'k 'kklu ls
,d O;kid rFkk lqO;fLFkr iz'kklfud ra= feyk] ysfdu bl ra= dh izo`fRr] izsj.kk] n`f"V vkSj fn'kk dks tUeksUeq[k cukus
dk dke vHkh ckdh gSA lekt ds cnyko ds fy;s bl ra= ds laLdkj esa cnyko t+:jh gSA blds fy;s bls vius vki dks
^lkgc* ugha ^lsod* rFkk ukSdj'kkgh ds ^bLikrh* <k¡ps dks lsok Hkko ls vuqizkf.kr gksuk gksxkA vxj gekjh ukSdj'kkgh
vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ikjn'khZ rFkk yphyh ugha gqbZ rks iafDr ds vafre vkneh ds fodkl dk liuk v/kwjk gh jg tk,xkA
iz'kklfud lq/kkjksa dks gesa bl cM+s nk;js esa ns[kuk gksxkA lrgh rkSj ls ns[kus ij iz'kklfud lq/kkj jkstejkZ ds ljdkjh
dkedkt ls tqM+h vLi"V&lh /kkj.kk yxrs gSa] ysfdu xgjs vFkksZa esa ;s yksxksa ds thou ls tqM+s gSaA lgh ek;uksa esa rks
iz'kklu gh vke tu ds fy;s ljdkj dk psgjk gS] pkgs og xk¡o dk iVokjh gks ;k Hkkjr ljdkj ds fdlh ea=ky; dk
lfpo( pkgs og VªsfQd dkaLVscy gks ;k bude VSDl dfe'ujA bu lcdks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ikjn'khZ o bZekunkj gksus dh
vko';drk gSA ;g rLlyh dh ckr gS fd ns'k esa ,sls vusd dne mBk, x, gSa ftuls ukSdj'kkgh T+;knk tuksUeq[k]
ikjn'khZ] dq'ky] dkjxj vkSj yksxksa dk nq%[k&nnZ le>uss okyh cu ldsxhA lwpuk dk vf/kdkj vkSj yksdiky tSls dkuwu
Hkz"Vkpkj ij yxke dlus dh fn'kk eas ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gksaxsA ysfdu gesa ;g le>uk gksxk fd iz'kklfud lq/kkj
,d fujarj pyus okyh izfØ;k gS ftlls cnyrh oS'ohdj.k dh izfØ;k dk QSyko gks jgk gSA bu pqukSfr;ksa ds chp gekjs
iz'kklfud ra= dk Hkh T+;knk pqLr] ikjn'khZ vkSj yphyk gksuk t+:jh gks x;k gS] t+:jh gS fd gekjh e'khujh
vf/kd&ls&vf/kd laosnu'khy vkSj ekuoh; cusA

GENERAL ENGLISH (80 Marks)

Part-A Marks : 20
Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(A) Identify the error and rewrite the correct form of the following sentences: (Q. No. 1-10)
10
1. We must respect our elders.
Ans. We should/ ought to respect our elders.
2. I do not know how much men he had cheated.
Ans.I do not know how many men he had cheated.
3. Bhawna will have reach home before the sun rises.
Ans.Bhawna will have reached home before the sun rises.
4. Everyone’s aged parents should be properly looking after.
Ans.Everyone’s aged parents should be properly looked after.
5. We have to be paid the taxes by the end of March.
Ans. We have to pay the taxes by the end of March.
6. The General commanded the soldiers that march quickly.
Ans. The General commanded the soldiers to march quickly.
7. I asked him why was he working so hard.
Ans.I asked him why he was working so hard.
8. Mr. R.K. Sharma is senior than me.
Ans. Mr. R.K. Sharma is senior to me.
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9. He is pleased by my performance.
Ans. He is pleased with my performance.
10. He believes that birds of the feather flock together.
Ans. He believes that birds of the same feather flock together..
(B) Choose the word similar in meaning: (Q. No. 11-12) 21
11. Renowned
celebrated / kind
Ans. Celebrated
12. Alive
lifeless / Stupendous
Ans. Deterioration
(C) Choose the opposite similar in meaning: (Q. No. 13-14) 21
13. Defendant
Plaintiff / divorced
Ans. Plaintiff
14. Stationary
Moving / study materials
Ans. Moving
(D) Rewrite choosing the appropriate expression to form a meaningful sentence:
(Q.No. 15-16) 2  1
15. A greedy man can not part with/ part from his money.
Ans. part with
16. He has put beside/ put aside a good deal of money.
Ans. Put aside
(E) Selecting the correct word/phrase, rewrite the following sentences: (Q. No. 17-18)
21
17. My father has seen many up and down/ ups and downs in life.
Ans. ups and downs
18. A newly established factory has to face bitter pills / teething troubles at the starting.
Ans. teething troubles
(F) Write a one word substitute for the following expression. : (Q. No. 19-20) 21
19. An instrument used by the doctors to listen to the sound of heart and lungs
Ans. Stethoscope
20. Wilful or ignorantly destroying works of art or literature
Ans. Vandalism
Part-B Marks : 30

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (Q. No. 21-25)
Marks : 5 X 2 = 10
Each nation has its own peculiar character which distinguished it from others. But the peoples of the world
have more points in which they are all like each other than points in which they are different. One type of
person that is common in every country is the one who always tries to do as little as he possibly can and to
get as much in return as he can. His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than is strictly
necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere.
Both these types are usually unconscious of their character. The man who avoids effort is always talking
about his ‘rights’: he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant, easy life.
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The man who is always doing more than his share talks of ‘duties’: he feels that the individual is in debt to
society, and not society to the individual. As a result of their views, neither of these men thinks that he
behaves at all strangely.
The man who tries to do as little as he can is always full of excuses: if he has neglected to do something, it
was because he had a headache, or the weather was too hot, or too cold, or because he was prevented by bad
luck. At first, other people, such as his friends and his employer, generously accept his stories, but soon they
realize what his friends become cool towards him and he fails to make progress in his job, he is surprised
and hurt. He blames everyone and everything except himself. He feels that society is failing in its duties
towards him, and that he is being unjustly treated. He soon becomes one of the discontented members of the
society.
His public-spirited opposite is never too busy to take on an extra piece of work that is the strangest thing
about the whole business. If you want something done in a hurry, don’t go to the man who is clearly not able
to help you as much as he claims he would like to. Go to the busiest man you know, particularly if you are
sure that he has not a spare minute in the week. If your work is really important, he will make time for it..
21. What kind of person is common and what kind of person is uncommon in every
country, according to the author?
Ans. The person who always tries to do as little as he possible can and get the maximum
in return is common in every country. His opposite, the man who does more than is strictly
necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is uncommon
22. What does the man who tries to avoid effort seem to think about other people?
Ans. The man who tries to avoid effort seems to think that society owes his a pleasant,
easy life and he always talks about his ‘rights’.
23. Whom does this kind of man blame when he is discontented?
Ans. This kind of man blames everyone and everything except himself when he becomes
discontented. He feels that he is being unjustly treated by others.
24. What is the strange thing about the public spirited man?
Ans. He is never full of excuses and he never neglects his duty. He is never so busy that he
cannot take on an extra piece of work.
25. Give for each of them another word or phrase of similar meaning to in that in the
context--
(a) Peculiar … (b) Unconscious..... (c) Rare ……(d) Neglected ……….
Ans. (a) Typical (b) unmindful/unaware/uninformed
(c) uncommon/ scarce (d) missed/Overlooked / disregarded
Translate the following sentences into English: (Q. No. 26-30) Marks:5 X 2 = 10
26- eSa lksgu ls ;g i= fy[kokÅa¡xkA
I will get Sohan write this letter.
27- Nk= us v/;kid ls fuosnu fd;k fd bl ckj eq>s {kek dj nksA
The Student requested the teacher that he should be forgiven that time.
28- v/;kid us yM+dksa ls dgk] ^^njokt+k can er djks^^A
The Teacher said to the students, “don’t shut the door”
29- og ys[kd gh ugha cfYd dfo Hkh gSA
He is not only a writer but also a poet.
30- og /kuh gS fQj Hkh izlUu ugha gSA
He is wealthy still/but he is not happy.

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31. Make a précis of the following passage in about one third of its length and also suggest
its title: Marks : 10

Ans- Old Education System : it's Need of change

Our old education system which was more theoretical and was based on the concepts of the
British educationists have been completely outdated, defective and is needed to be changed. As it
recalls us our slavishness. Since it does support any practical knowledge and look down upon
manual labour, so it should be overhauled according to the need of the society and the country.
Part-C Marks: 30

32. Write a paragraph on any one of the following in approximately 200 words:
Marks: 10

(i) Religion and Politics

(ii) Crimimalsation of Politics
Ans.
i- Religion and Politics
Karl Marx has rightly said that religion is the opium of the people. It intoxicates them as opium
intoxicates the people. It is difficult to find a man without religion. The relationship between religion and
politics is historic and controversial. Since ancient times politics has always been
affected by religion. But in modern times the definition and role of religion in politics has undergone a
vast change. In some countries the rulers have been trying to secure authority and power through religion.
In a democratic country the secular political parties may achieve authority and power but not trough
religion.
India is a democratic country with various religions Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Jain and Budhism
etc. We have adopted a Public Welfare State with secular politics. Therefore, the role of religion in our
politics is not significant. Our politics can be based on democratic values and common interests of the
masses. Although we cannot avoid the moral and religious values like non-violence, truth, tolerance and
honesty which exist and persits in every religion.
Gandhiji believed that politics divorced from religion becomes debased. Gandhiji claimed to draw
inspiration from religion. His concept of religion was entirely different from that of political/ religious
leaders who organize a separate homeland for it. To him religion was a source of moral discipline for its
followers. Religion joins peopl, it does not generate conflict. It is a vital basis for identity formation. The
Muslims rule in India was marked by its pluralistic character.
Today our politics has been polluted by various vices and evils. Communalism is one of these evils. As a
matter of fact communalism works in the shadow of religion and excites the feelings of people. It has
caused terrible riots all over the country and has resulted in great loss of life, private and public property.
It is dividing the people in the name of religion. The recent riots in Gujarat are the proof of it. Political
parties and religious organizations and their leaders misuse religion for gaining power and winning
elections. That is why the Mandir-masijid politics has become popular. Politics based on religion is
dangerous for the integration of our country and is like a cancer to democracy. Religion based on politics
diverts the attention of the Government from public interest and the basic problems such as poverty,
unemployment, inequality and over-population are not solved.
In Indian politics many religious leaders, criminals and 'gundas' have entered the Parliament and State
Legislatures through religious interference in politics. They neither have any knowledge about public
problems nor any deep dedication to democracy. They play with the religious sentiments of the people to
serve their selfish motives. They instigate the public and create communal distrurbance and riots and thus
damage national integration and unity.
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In brief we can say that religion is a matter of spirit and psyche and it concers individuals and it is not a
matter of publicity. On the other hand politics is related to public interest and national interest ant it tries
to improve our spiritual, social and economic condition. To conclude we may say that if our
representatives and politicians are honest, sincere, intelligent and devoted they will certainly make
communal harmony and national integration stronger and the country will also progress. Therefore we
should not mix politics and religion and no party should make religion the basis of politics.

ii. Criminalsation of Politics

Our modern leaders are not like the patriots who spent long years in jail for fighting
against a foreign rule. They made great sacrifice for freedom. But our present leaders are no
better than criminals-petty thieves, gangsters, murderers, kidnappers and rapists. Politics today
has become the first resort of scoundrels. The notorious criminals, history-sheeters, smugglers
and murderes are entering politics.
Criminalisation of politics means direct entry of criminals into the political parties and
legislatures, including parliament. It also means the use of criminal methods and tactics to
influence political processes and procedures. The unscupulous politicians engage, gangsters and
goondas to by votes, to win elections, to terrorise opposition to submission. Sometimes these
criminals themselves enter our legislatures and pariliament through proper channel and make the
law of the land. This is and ironical situation.
Election Commissioner G.V.G. Krishnamurty, while adderessing a press conference on
August 20, 1997 said that as per records, 40 members of Parliament had criminal cases pending
againts them while nearly 700 members of State Assemblies out of 4072 were named in criminal
cases. According to him an internationally accepted norm that "Law breakers cannot be allowed
to be law-makers", which India must also follow. Although the Election Commission has passed
the order to combat the various problem of criminalisation of politics, it might fail to check the
criminalisation of politics as far as Uttar Pradesh is concerned. In Uttar Pradesh 169 MLAs have
criminal cases against them but only 3 out of them have been convicted.
To grab power through Governor's House is not a new thing. What happened in Goa and
Jharkhand are its recent examples. Buta Singh Bihar Governer was practicing favouritism. The
law and order situation is deteriotating ever under Governor's rule. There has been a rising protest
against criminalisation of politics since long. In the nineties the Late Krishan Kant raised a
powerful protest against it but to no result. The criminals contest elections even now and they
have become MLAs and MPs from jails. They are addressed as honourable and VIP treatement is
given to them in jails. The case of tained ministers is pending in a Delhi Court. The constitution
gives the PM the right to choose his ministers. In these circumstances we can't hope for a neat
and clean politics. George Fernandes recently said in an interview, "We are compelled to give
tickets to criminals and the tained as we promised them when they joined the party."
Because of the criminalisation of politics the present day leader has become a creature
driven by greed and the lust for power. He can resort to any measure to capture power and then
retain it. His value system is warped, he is driven by narrow, selfish, parochial interest and he
does not hesitate in using muscle power to eliminate his opponents. Parties have become the
vehicle for the leaders to amass wealth and shield themselves from the law of the land. National
interest has become subservient to party interest. Leaders go to any extent to save their skin.

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Due to the erosion of almost all democratic norms and values intolerance and harted have
increased and they are destroying the bonds of love and harmony. Violence has assumed many
forms - terrosims, communal tension, violence against women are distoring society. It is become
suspect, it is marred by allegation of rigging, booth capturing and bogus voting and manipulating
EVMs. Voters belonging to oppositions parties are not allowed to exercise their votes by
politically strong opponents.
Class conflict is on the rise. The recent attack on the Jehanabad Jail is its glaring example. The
dream of Gandhiji for a casteless society lies shattered on the ground. The criminalisation of
politics has increase social tension and rivalries and perpetuated the animosity between upper and
lower castes. It is not false to say that Indian democracy signifies nothing greater than party
politics and elections. Criminalisation of politics is worrying because parliament is losing its
credibility.
Therefore, our prime need is the rule of law. We have to free our democracy from
criminals and establish a democracy which is based on love and harmony, discipline, sincerity
and equality. Lawlessness and anarchy can be stopped if people are aware of their duties and
rights and use them properly. The youth should create awareness among the masses and each
citizen should practise restraint and discipline.
33. Elaborate any one of the following themes in approximately 150 words: Marks: 10
(i) Example is better than precept
(ii) Hard work is key to success

(i) Example is better than precept

Words of advice, moral teachings and rules of action and the like are less useful than the actual
example which carries out such rules into practice. Examples and precepts both are used for
teaching others, but the actual (practical) examples can make better impression upon the
mind.The impression made by precepts (Moral teachings) is temporary and does not last long. If
an instuctor only advises us to do such and such a thing without himself doing what he advises
others to do, it is natural that his teachings should fall flat upon those for whom they are meant.
So it is better to show the way oneself before giving advice. Precepts are things only in abstract,
they can make a permanent (concrete) impression by giving living (practical) examples.
(ii) Hard work is key to success
There is no substitute for hard work. Success in not something we run into by accident. It makes
a lot of preparation, hard work and character Success takes sacrifice and self-discipline. Success
requires descipline, focus, commitment and deep passion. There is no substitute for hard work.
Henry Ford said, "The harder you work, the luckier you get." According to Harry Golden,"The
only thing that overcomes hard luck is hard work." One cannot develop a capacity to do anything
without hard work. Professionals make things look easy because they have mastered the
fundamentals of whatever they do. Everything that we enjoy is a result of someone's hard work.
Excellence is not luck; it is the result of a lot of hard work and practice. Hard work and practice
make a person better at whatever he is doing. Hard work is both a beginning and an end in itself.
The harder a person works, the better he feels and the better he feels, teh harder he works, Great
talent without will-power and hard work is a waste. Procrastinating (delaying action) amount to
not working. Thus the statement urges us to work hard and advises us not to shirk work

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34. Write a letter to the Editor of the Times of India, Jaipur expressing your views on the topic
“influence of mobile and internet on students”.. (150 words)
Marks : 10

05 August 2021

The Editor
The Times of India
Jaipur

Subject- The influence of mobile and internet on students

Respected Sir
It will be very kind of you if you please publish my views about the “Influence of mobile and internet on
students” in column of your esteemed newspaper.
Today we can see a smart phone in the hand of every student. It has made life very easy, it has too many
drawbacks. The smart phone is taking the students into its grip. They are spoiling their lives on it. They
use it to play games, mere chatting or visiting the sites that they must not visit.
It is time for the parents that they must think about the future of their children and must curb the use of
smart phone and internet.
Thanking you
Yours Sincerely
Ankush
3-Basant Vihar
Ajmer

Write a report of the celebration of "The Independence day" in the college.

The Independence day

Pune
16th August 2012 by Neha Sharma

Independence day program was celebrated in our school on 15th August this year. The program started at
7:30 am with the welcome of the honorable chief guest , respected trustee of the school Mr. R.K. kothari.
He was welcomed with a round of applause and then with the principal. The chief guest hoisted the flag at
8 a.m. and the national anthem “Jan Gana Mana” was sung with great pride and patriotism. After the
national anthem ended, the chief guest gave a brief speech on how we are the future of our nation and we
should be responsible for our behavior and what we do to make our country proud. Youth of our country
can make a name at the world level and we can be the makers of this country. After the speech ended at 9
am , all were allowed to go and receive the sweets given by the school. The teachers gave small
introductions of the freedom fighters and gave a lot of knowledge about the struggle faced at that time.
Every story filled the hearts of the audience with emotions and patriotism as they were very heart
touching and at the same time real. All pledged to do something great for our country and make it proud

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