laLdkj jkstxkj jk"Vªokn yksdfgrokn

HkkfV;k vkJe lwjrx<+

¼bZekunkj iz'kklu] laosnu'khy iz'kklu] ldkjkRed ncax iz'kklu½
mŸkjdq¡th
jktLFkku jkT; ,oa v/khuLFk lsok,¡ la;qDr çfr;ksxh ¼eq[;½ ijh{kk&2021
Paper- IV
vad&200 le; & 3 ?k.Vs
PAPER-IV GENERAL HINDI & GENERAL ENGLISH
(Total Marks : 200 Marks)
lkekU; fgUnh (120 vad)
Part-A Marks : 50
uksV% lHkh ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsAa izR;sd iz'u ds fy, 2 vad fu/kkZfjr gaSA
1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh laf/k dhft,%&
¼i½ u;u$vfHkjke = u;ukfHkjke ¼ii½ lR;$vkxzg = lR;kxzg
¼iii½ ?k`r$vksnu = ?k`rkSnu ¼iv½ vuq$Nsn = vuqPNsn
2- bu 'kCnksa dk laf/k&foPNsn dhft, %&
¼i½ nq'pfj= = nq%$pfj= ¼ii½ izlkj.k = izlkj$u
¼iii½ i)fr = in~$gfr ¼iv½ 'kjPpUnz = 'kjr~$pUnz
3- fuEukafdr dh laf/k dhft,%&
¼i½ le~$iw.kZ = lEiw.kZ@lai.w kZ ¼ii½ "kV~$ekfld = "kk.ekfld
¼iii½ fnd~$e.My = fn³~e.My ¼iv½ fir`$mins'k = fi=qins'k
4- bu milxksZa ds la;ksx ls nks&nks 'kCn fyf[k,%&
¼i½ nj = njvly] njckj] nj[kkLr] njE;ku
¼ii½ ukuk = ukukizdkj] ukuk:i] ukuktkfr] ukukfodkj
5- fuEu 'kCnksa esa ls milxZ o ewy 'kCn i`Fkd dhft, %&
¼i½ i;ZVu = ifj$ vVu ¼ii½ izknqHkwZr = izknqj~$ Hkwr
¼iii½ gkQdeht = gkQ$ deht ¼iv½ ckbTtr = ck $bTtr
6- bu izR;;ksa ds la;ksx ls nks&nks 'kCn cukb;s%&
¼i½ ,; = dkSUrs;] xkaxs;] Hkkfxus;
¼ii½ ; = e/kqj& ek/kq;Z] fnfr&nSR;] lqUnj&lkSUn;Z
7- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls izR;; o ewy 'kCn i`Fkd dhft,%&
¼i½ lqukj = lksuk$ vkj ¼ii½ dywVk = dkyk$ÅVk
¼iii½ vD+yean = vD+y$ean ¼iv½ dfczLrku = dcz$bLrku
8- fuEukafdr 'kCnksa ds foykse 'kCn fyf[k,%&
¼i½ {kj = v{kj ¼ii½ uSlfxZd = Ñf=e
¼iii½ n'kk = nqnZ'kk ¼iv½ ferO;;h = viO;;h
9- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ds foykse fyf[k, %&
¼i½ frjLdkj = lRdkj ¼ii½ funZ; = ln;
¼iii½ fof/k = fu"ks/k ¼iv½ dfo = dof;=h

-1-
10- fn, x, 'kCnksa ds nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k, %&
¼i½ nqdwy = diM+k] iV] phj] vEcj] oL=] ifj/kku
¼ii½ Jksr = d.kZ] dku] Jo.k] =qfriqV
11- bu 'kCnksa ds nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k, %&
¼i½ fg; = ân] ân;] mj] o{k] o{kLFky
¼iii½ ohfp = ygjh] ygj] rjax] fgyksj] ÅfeZ
12- fuEukafdr 'kCn&;qXe dk vFkZ Hksn Li"V dhft, %&
¼i½ v;'k&v;l = cnukeh&yksgk
¼ii½ vfj&vjh = nq'eu&lacks/ku
13- fuEukafdr 'kCn&;qXeksa dk vFkZ Hksn Li"V dhft, %&
¼i½ dqp&dwp = Lru&izLFkku
¼ii½ dVd&daVd = lsuk&dkaVk
14- fuEufyf[kr okD;k'kksa ds fy, lkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k, %&
¼i½ og dFkk tks ewydFkk esa vk, = vardZFkk
¼ii½ og tks [kqys gkFk ls nku djs = eqDrgLr
15- bu okD;k'kksa ds fy, lkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k, %&
¼i½ og tks osnksa dk Kkrk gks = osnK
¼ii½ og tks fdlh ds eeZ dks tku ys = eeZK
16- fuEukafdr okD;ksa ds 'kq) :i fyf[k,%&
¼i½ foU/;kpy ioZr fgeky; ls izkphu gS = foU/;kpy fgeky; ls izkphu gSA
¼ii½ Ñ".k us dal dh gR;k dh = Ñ".k us dal dk o/k fd;kA
17- fuEUfyf[kr okD;ksa ds 'kq) :i fyf[k,%&
¼i½ eU=h&e.My dh cSBd vkt gksxh = efU=e.My dh cSBd vkt gksxhA
¼ii½ xk¡/kh th dks Hkqyk;k ugha tk ldrk = xk¡/kh th dks Hkwyk ugha tk ldrkA
18- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ds 'kq) :i fyf[k, %&
¼i½ v/kksiru = v/k% iru ¼ii½ vukfFkfu = vukFkk
¼iii½ miy{k = miy{; ¼iv½ dqenq uh = dqeqfnuh
19- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ds 'kq) :i fyf[k, %&
¼i½ ÑR;ÑR; = ÑrÑR; ¼ii½ dksars; = dkSars;
¼iii½ xR;kFkZ = xR;FkZ ¼iv½ xR;kojks/k = xR;ojks/k
20- bu eqgkojksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djds vFkZ Li"V dhft, %&
¼i½ vUu&ty mBuk = ,d LFkku ij jgus dk laca/k VwV tkuk
¼ii½ bZaV ls bZaV ctkuk = dM+h VDdj ysuk
21- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djds vFkZ Li"V dhft,%&
¼i½ ,d vk¡[k ls ns[kuk = cjkcj le>uk
¼ii½ dye rksM+uk = izHkkoiw.kZ ys[ku djuk
22- fuEukafdr yksdksfDr;ksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djds vFkZ Li"V dhft,%&
¼i½ tkdS iSj u QVs fcokbZ og D;k tkus ihj ijkbZ = Lo;a nq%[k Hkksxs fcuk nwljs dh ihM+k dk vkHkkl ugha gks
ldrk
¼ii½ tSlk jktk oSlh iztk = eqf[k;k tSlk gksxk vuq;k;h Hkh oSls gh gksaxs
23- fuEufyf[kr yksdksfDr;ksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djds vFkZ Li"V dhft, %&
¼i½ nku dh cfN;k ds nk¡r ugha ns[ks tkrs = eq¶r esa feyh dke dh oLrq esa dfe;k¡ ugha ns[kh tkrha
¼ii½ FkksFkk puk ckts ?kuk = vdeZ.; ckr vf/kd djrk gSA
24- fuEukafdr ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa ds lekukFkZd fgUnh ikfjHkkf"kd fyf[k,%&
¼i½ JURISDICTION = {ks=kf/kdkj
¼ii½ OUTFIT ALLOWANCE = ifj/kku HkRrk
-2-
25- fuEukafdr ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa ds lekukFkZd fgUnh ikfjHkkf"kd fyf[k,%&
¼i½ PAY SCALE = osrueku
¼ii½ STRONG ROOM = dks"k d{k] lqjf{kr d{k

Part-B Marks :50

fuEufyf[kr çR;sd ç'u 10 vad dk gS
1-
dk;kZy; ifj;kstuk funs'kd ¼vkoklu½
jktLFkku 'kgjh is;ty] lhojst ,oa vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk fuxe fyfeVsM
¼jktLFkku ljdkj dk miØe½
i= Øekad %& :Mfldks@ih-Mh- ¼gk½@t;iqj@2021&22@ 158 fnukad%& 03-02-2022
bZ&fufonk lwpuk la[;k & 14@2021&22
NIB Code:- RDP2122A0029
UBN : RDP2122WLOB00050
UBN : RDP2122WLOB00051
UBN : RDP2122WLOB00052
^eq[;ea=h tu vkokl ;kstuk &2015* ds izko/kku 4 , ¼i½ ds varxZr jktLFkku ds 3 'kgjksa & Hkhueky] NcM+k ,oa djkSyh esa
EWS & LIG Flats (G+3) dh ;kstuk,sa Turnkey Basis ij fuekZ.k gsrq vuqHkoh ,oa l{ke fodkldRrkZ@ Hkou
fuekZrk@ laosndksa ls fu/kkZfjr izi= eas f}cksyh i)fr }kjk bZ&izkDs ;kjesaV izfØ;k vuqlkj vkWuykbu fufonk;sa vkeaf=r dh tkrh
gSA ¼lHkh ;kstukvksa dh vuqekfur dqy ykxr :i;s 15780-74 yk[k½
fufonk ls lacfa /kr leLr fooj.k osc lkbZV %& http://eproc.rajasthan.gov.in,
www.urban.rajasthan.gov.in/rudsico o http://www.sppp.raj.nic.in ls MkmuyksM fd;k tk ldrk gSA

ifj;kstuk funs'kd ¼vkoklu½

jkt- laokn@lh@21@11412 :Mfldks] t;iqj

2- vfrfjDr ftyk dyDVj t;iqj }kjk mi[k.M vf/kdkjh dksViqryh dks nqjLr ernkrk lwph rqjar
fHktokus ds fy, v)Zljdkjh i= fyf[k,A
jktLFkku ljdkj
jksfgr dqekj dk;kZy; vfrfjDr
vfrfjDr ftyk dysDVj ftyk dysDVj t;iqjA
fnukad % 1 Qjojh] 2022
v-'kk-i-Ø- 3 ¼d½@vftd@lk@22@18
fiz; Jh foosd lDlsuk th]
eSa vkidk /;ku i-Ø- 2 ¼l½@vftd@lk@12@17 fnukad 20 tuojh] 2022 dh vksj fnyokuk pkgw¡xk
ftlds ek/;e ls vkidks dksViqryh mi[k.M dh nqjLr ernkrk lwph fHktokus gsrq fy[kk x;k FkkA vkxkeh yksdlHkk pqukoksa ds
eísutj pquko vk;ksx us leLr ftyksa dh ftysokj ernkrk lwph nqjLr dj izdkf'kr djus dk vkns'k fn;k gSA blfy, vki
vius Lrj ij :ph ysrs gq, ;s lwph HkstsaA
i= dks izkFkfedrk nsrs gq, rqjar lwpuk HkstAsa
'kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr!
ln~Hkkoh
¼jksfgr½
Jh foosd lDlsuk
mi[k.M vf/kdkjh]
dksViwryhA

-3-
3- fgUnh vuqokn dhft,A
It will generally be found that those who know what it is to have been in need and destitution are
very much less afraid of it, and consequently more inclined to extravagance, than those who
know poverty only by hearsay. People who have been born and bred in good circumstancs & are
as a rule much more careful about the future, more economical, in fact that those who by a piece
of good luck, have suddenly passed from poverty to wealth. This book as if poverty was not
really such a very wretched thing as it appears from a distance. The true reason however is rather
the fact the man who has something without which he could no more live than he could live
without air.
lkekU;r% ns[k x;k gS fd ftu yksxksa us xjhch vkSj vkfFkZd vHkkoksa dks ns[kk gS] os x+jhch dks nwj ls ns[kusokyksa
dh rqyuk esa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls izk;% de ?kcjkrs gSa] rFkk LoHkko ls vf/kd [k+phZyis u dh vksj >qds gq, gksrs gSaA os
yksx tks lEiUu fLFkfr;ksa esa tUesa vkSj iys gksa] os mu yksxksa dh rqyuk esa] ftUgsa vdLekr~ lkSHkkX; ls /ku&izkfIr
gqbZ gS fd xjhch vius vki esa bruh ?kfV;k vkSj varks"kizn ugha gksrh] ftruh fd og nwj ls fn[krh gSA okLrfod
dkj.k rks ;g rF; gS fd tks O;fDr le`) ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa tUek gS] og bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fcuk oSls gh jgus dh
dYiuk ugha dj ldrk] tSls fd fcuk ok;q ds thfor jgukA
4- fuEufyf[kr vorj.k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd nsrs gq, yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ 'kCnksa esa laf{kIrhdj.k dhft,%&
,d vksj gekjk vkt dk ikB~;Øe vkSj f'k{k.k in~/kfr;k¡ Nk=&Nk=kvksa dh lekt esa O;kIr ySafxd vkSj /kkfeZd
HksnHkko vkSj cgqla[;d oknh vgEeU;rk ds [krjksa ls vkxkg djus dh ctk, mu ij LohÑfr dh gh eksgj yxkrs
fn[krs gSaA nwljh vksj LokJ;h dkexkj efgykvksa] vYila[;dks]a vkfnokfl;ksa ;k fiNM+s oxksZa dh dksbZ lkFkZd&lPph
Nfo Hkh og lkeus ugha yk ikrsA LokJ;h fL=;ksa ij ,d yEch jk"Vªh; jiV cukrs oDr geus ik;k fd xjhc
LokJ;h vYila[;d oxZ dh fL=;k¡ gekjs ikB~;Øe esa ukSdjkuh ;k ydM+gkfju ;k ifugkfju ds gh :i esa vkrh
gSA jk"Vªh; vk; esa cM+k ;ksx nsus okyh dq'ky dkexkj ds :i esa os yxHkx vn`'; gSaA blh rjg ns'k ds
,sfrgkfld&lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; esa vYila[;dksa dks Hkh Hkkjrh;rk ds ,d vfuok;Z vkSj lkFkZd rRo dh ctk;
ckgj ls vk, vkØe.kdkjh ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA rukoksa dh nqfu;k esa yxkrkj thus okys ;s
Nk=&Nk=k,a ubZ vk'kk vkSj jpukRed mRlkg ls Hkjus dh ctk; rfud&lk ekSdk ikus ij izfrfgald gks mBrs
gSaA dHkh ;g fgalk dh vkx cnk;w¡ ds naxksa dh rjg nwljksa ij tk VwVrh gS] rks dHkh :i dq¡oj ;k dkuiqj dh rhu
cfguksa ;k e.My ds eqn~ns ij vkx yxk ysus okys Nk=ksa dh rjg [kqn vius ij!
mRrj & nks"kiw.kZ@HksnHkkoiw.kZ ikB~;Øe ,oa f'k{k.k&iífr;k¡
gekjs ledkyhu ikB~;Øe vkSj f'k{k.k&iífr;k¡ ySafxd vkSj /kkfeZd HksnHkko rFkk cgqla[;doknh vgE;U;rk ds
[krjksa ls vkxkg djus ds ctk; mudks LohÑfr nsrs gSaA nwljh vksj efgyk Jfedksa] vYila[;dks]a vkfnokfl;ksa dh
lkFkZd Nfo izLrqr ugha djrs gSaA oafpr oxZ dh efgyk,¡ misf{kr etnwjksa ds :i esa rFkk vYila[;d vkØe.kdkjh
ds :i esa fn[kk, tkrs gSaA fo|kFkhZ rukoxzLr gSa] vr% jpuk'khy gksus ds ctk; izfrfgald ,oa vkRe?kkrh gks mBrs
gSaA
5- fuEufyf[kr dFku dk Hkko foLrkj fyf[k,% ¼'kCn lhek : yxHkx 100 'kCn½
^ftu [kkstk ikb;k¡ xgjs ikuh iSB ^
mÙkj& ftlus xgjs ikuh esa mrj dj [kkst dh gS mls eksrh vo'; feys gSaA ;kuh tks xgjs euks;ksx ls ryk'krk
gS] dBksj ifjJe djrk gS] mls ,d&u&,d fnu izfrQy vo'; feyrk gSA tks v/;;u :ih lkxj esa xgjs xksrs
yxkus dk lkgl djrk gS mls Kku dk eksrh vo'; feyrk gSA ;gk¡ nks ckrsa Li"V gSa& ,d rks ;g fd ftlus Hkh
[kkstk gS mlus izkIr fd;k gS] vFkkZr~ ladYi ds lkFk ftlus esgur dh gS mldks vo'; gh Qy feyrk gSA nwljh
;g fd [kkstus ds fy, xgjs ikuh esa tkuk gksxkA tcfd Åijh lrg ij ifjJe djrs jgus ls dqN miyC/k gksus
okyk ugha gSA ikuh ds uhps ry gS vkSj gesa ry rd igq¡puk gksxkA mlds fy, ladYi] lkgl] 'kfDr vkSj ifjJe
dh t:jr gksxhA ;fn bu lcdks cVksjdj xgjs ikuh esa mrjsx a as vkSj [kkstx
sa s rks izkfIr vo';aHkkoh gSA iqjk.kksa vkSj
bfrgkl esa HkxhjFk] /kqzo] izg~ykn] 'kadjkpk;Z] foosdkuan] xka/kh vkfn ds mnkgj.k blh mfDr dks pfjrkFkZ djrs gSaA

-4-
 Part-C Marks :20
Hkkx&l vad %20
fuEufyf[kr ç'u 10 vad dk gSA
31- fuEufyf[kr fo"k; ij ,d fuca/k fyf[k,A ¼'kCn lhek yxHkx 250 'kCn½
i{kikriw.kZ ehfM;k% Hkkjrh;
yksdrU= ds fy, [krjk
ehfM;k (Media) lwpukvksa vkSj vk¡dMks+ dks lajf{kr ,oa lEizsf"kr djus okyk midj.k vFkok lkewfgd lapkj
gSA bls yksdrU= dk prqFkZ LrEHk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd fo/kk;dk] dk;Zikfydk vkSj U;k;ikfydk
turk ds izfr viuh tokcsnsgh dks Hkwy u tk,¡] ;g lqfuf'pr djuk ehfM;k dk dke gSA okLrfod yksd rU= og
gksrk gS] tgk¡ turk dks viuh ljdkj ds leqfpr fu.kZ;ksa dh tkudkjh gks rFkkmu fu.kZ;ksa ls gksu okys ykHk&gkuh
dh xgjh le> gks] ftlls turk yksdrkfU=d izfØ;kvksa esa lkFkZd Hkkxhnkjh fuHkk ldsA orZeku ;qx esa ehfM;k ek=
,d m|ksx cudj jg x;k gS] ftlesa uSfrd cks/k dh vR;Ur deh gks xbZ gSA orZeku le; esa ;g vius mrjnkf;Roksa
dk lgh rjhds ls fuoZgu djus ds LFkku ij ljdkj vkSj vfHktkR; oxZ ds gkFkksa dh dBiqryh cu pqdk gSA
Hkkjr esa yksdrU= ds lkeus fu%lUnsg vusd [krjs ekStwn gSa] fdUrq yksdrU= dh ewy Hkkoukvksa vkSj(80 n'kZMarks)
u ij tks
[krjk lh/kk izHkko Mkyrk gS] og gS ehfM;k dk vius mrjnkf;Ro ls foeq[k gksukA ehMh;k esa jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu ds
lkFk&lkFk v[kckj] i=&if=dk,¡] lks'ky ehfM;k ¼ tSls& Facebook, Whatsapp, Messenger, Twitter) ,oa
fQYesa vkfn 'kkfey gSaA ;fn bl lHkh ls feyus okyh lwpukvksa dk xgu fo'ys"k.k djrs gSa] rks ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS
fd ehfM;k dk i{kikr dbZ Lrjksa ij izdV gksrk gS] tks gekjs yksdrU= dh uhao dks detksj djrk gSA
jktuhfrd Lrj ij yksdrU= ds fy, [krjk
loZizFke yksdrU= ds ml i{k ij /;ku dsfUnzr djrs gSa] tks jktuhfrd gSa rFkk ftldk lEcU/k pquko ls gSA
yksdrU= esa usrkvksa ,oa mudh ikfVZ;ks ds le{k ;g foo'krk gksrh gS fd mUgsa turk dk fiz; cuuk gksrk gSA muds
bl dk;Z esa ehfM;k dh ,d ize[q k Hkwfedk gksrh gSA ehfM;k usrkvksa ds Hkk"k.kksa ,oa muds b.MjO;w dks izlkfjr djds
turk ds lkeus mudh ,d Nfo izLrqr djrk gSA ;g Nfo gh ml usrk ;k ikVhZ dk *czk.M* curh gS] ftlls mls
ykHk gksus dh lEHkkouk curh gSA bldk vk'k; ;g gqvk fd pquko dkSu thrsxk ;g r; djus esa fefM;k dh ,d
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gS] D;ksafd fdlh usrk dh Nfo dks fufeZr djus ;k mls fcxkM+us dh tSlh rkdr ehfM;k ds
ikl gksrh gS] oSlh fdlh vU; laxBu ds ikl ugha gksrh gSA bls orZeku esa izpfyr isM+ U;wt ds rgr ns[kk tk
ldrk gS] blh dkj.k ljdkjsa vkSj lHkh ikfVZ;k¡ ehfM;k dks vius i{k esa djus ds fy, iz;Ru'khy jgrh gSaA
vr% bl fLFkfr esa ;fn ehfM;k lrk ;k /ku ds yksHk esa lrk dh nyky gks tkrh gS] rks ;g turk ds lkFk
Ny gksrk gSA [krjk ;g Hkh gS fd ehfM;k vius xyr rjhdksa ls fdlh vPNs usrk ds tuer dks [kjkc dj ldrh gSA
bu lHkh rjhdksa ls yksdrU= dh uhoa detksj gksrh gSA lrk ;fn ehfM;k ds lkFk fey tk, rks lQsn >wB Hkh lp
cu tkrk gSA
;fn orZeku esa jk"Vªh; ;k izkUrh; jktuhfr dh ckr djsa rks ge vklkuh ls vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa fd
dkSu&lk v[kckj ;k pSuy fdl jktuhfrd ikVhZ ds i{k esa gS vkSj dkSu fdlds fo:) gSA ;|fi dqN ehfM;k
laLFkku rVLFk fn[kus dk iz;kl djrs gS] tcfd dqN us rks ;g iz;kl djuk Hkh NksM+ fn;k gS vkSj os [kqydj ;k
foi{k ds izoDrk cu x, gSaA mYys[kuh; gS fd i{kikr ls vk'k; dsoy vU/k leFkZu ls gh ugha gksrk] cfYd
vU/kfo'okl Hkh i{kikr dk gh ,d :i gksrk gS A vfU/kfo'okl Hkh mruk gh ?kkrd gksrk gS] ftruk fd vU/kleFkZu
;g nksuksa gh fLFkfr [krjukd gksrh gSaA
lkekftd Lrj ij yksdrU= ds fy, [krjk
yksdrU= dsoy jktuhfrd ugha gksrk] cfYd ;g lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd Hkh gksrk gS vkSj ehfM;k dk i{kikriw.kZ O;ogkj
jktuhfrd yksdrU= ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd yksdrU= dks Hkh [krjs esa Mkyrk gSA
Lkkekftd yksd s rU= ls rkRi;Z gS fd lekt esa lHkh /keksZ] uLyksa] tkfr;ksa vkSj fyaxksa ds O;fDr;ksa dks fu.kZ; izfdz;k esa
fgLlsnkjh dk leku volj feys vkSj os dsoy vius /keZ] tkfr ;k fyax ds dkj.k fdlh fu;ksZX;rk ;k HksnHkko dk
f'kdkj u gksaA Hkkjr tSls fofo/krkiw.kZ ns'k esa ;g vkSj Hkh vko';d gS] D;ksafd lkekftd laLd`fr gekjs fy, :fp dk
ugha] cfYd vfLrRo dk fo"k; gSA ehfM;k dk i{kikriw.kZ O;ogkj lkeftd yksdrU= dks Hkh gkfu igq¡pkrk gSA flusek
esa cgqr&lh ,slh fQYesa ns[kus dks feyrh gSa ftlesa fdlh FkMZ&ts.Mj vkSj VªkUlts.Mj -O;fDr dk migkl cuk;k
tkrk gSA fu%'kDr tuksa dk migkl djuk ,d lkekU;&lh ckr gSA fgUnh flusek esa nf{k.k Hkkjrh;ksa dk [kwc migkl
fd;k tkrk gS] fl[kksa ij Hkh O;aX; fd, tkrs gSA xksjs jax ds leFkZu esa Hkh gtkjksa xhr&laxhr le;&le; ij
-5-
lquus dks feyrs gSA efgykvksa ds ifjJe dks de djds vk¡duk] gd ek¡xus ij mudks nks"kh Bgjk;k tkuk] dksjksuk
tSlh egkekjh dks fyax o fdlh leqnk; ls tksM+uk vkfn gekjs ehfM;k ds lkekU; y{k.k gSaA ehMh;k ds mPp inksa ij
iq:"kksa vkSj rFkkdfFkr lo.kZ leqnk; dk opZLo gSA dHkh tkucw>dj rks dHkh&dHkh vutkus esa bl lewg ds O;fDr
,slh fVIif.k;k¡ vkSj foe'kZ izLrqr djrs gSa] tks lkekftd lejlrk dks Bsl igq¡pkrk gSA
vkfFkZd Lrj ij yksdrU= ds fy, [krjk
i{kikrh ehfM;k ds dkj.k vkfFkZd yksdrU= Hkh [krjs esa jgrk gSA vf/kdka'k ehfM;kdehZ e/;e oxZ ;k mPp e/; oxZ
ls vkrs gSa] blfy, leL;kvksa dks ns[kus&le>us dk mudk ,d fo'ks"k oxhZ; n`f"Vdks.k gksrk gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g
gksrk gS fd fuEu oxZ dh vkfFkZd leL;k,¡ mruk m}sfyr ugha djrha] ftruh fd djuh pkfg,A blds vfrfjDr
vf/kdka'k ehfM;kdehZ egkuxjksa ;k cMs+ 'kgjksa esa fuokl djrs gSa] blfy, xk¡o dh vkfFkZd leL;k,¡] fdlkuksa }kjk dh
xbZ vkRegR;k,¡ mUgsa mruk cspSu ugha dj ikrh gS] ftruk djuk pkfg,A
mYys[kuh; gS fd v[kckjksa esa eujsxk ls tqMh+ [kcjsa mruk LFkku ugha ?ksjrh gS] ftruk dh osru vk;ksx ls tqMh
[kcjsaA mnkgj.kLo:i& ljdkjh dfeZ;ksa ds osru feyus esa ;fn nsjh gks tkrh gS ;k dqN fnu ds fy, osru :d tkrk
gS] rks ,slh [kcjsa eq[;rk ls v[kckjksa ;k U;wt pSuyksa dh gsfMax curh gS] ysfdu fdlkuksa }kjk vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ds
cks> ls ncdj dh tkus okyh vkRegR;k,¡ ;k fdlh vU; dkj.kksa ls fdlku ;k etnwj dh e`R;q dks dHkh cMh U;wt
ugh cuus fn;k tkrk gSA
bl izdkj] ehfM;k dh ,slh izkFkfedrk,¡ lqfuf'pr djrh gSa fd og vkfFkZd yksdrU=] ftldk liuk egkRek xk¡/kh]
MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj o usg:] lHkh us ns[kk Fkk] og vc rd vius lkdkj :i esa ugha vk ldk gSA
i{kikr lnSo cqjk ugha gksrk
mYys[kuh; gS fd i{kikr lnSo cqjk ugha gksrk] og vPNk vkSj ykHknk;d Hkh gks ldrk gSA tc fdlh ifjokj esa dksbZ
chekj gksrk gSA rks mls ?kj ds cMs& + cqtqxksZ dh vfrfjDr laosnuk,¡ o Lusg izkIr gksrk gS] rks ;g dghsa ls Hkh vuqfpr
ugha gSA fdlh dks cpkus gsrq fd;k x;k HksnHkko cqjk ugha gksrkA og cqjk rc gksrk gS tc fdlh dks gkfu igq¡pkus ds
fy, fd;k tk,A esVªks Vªsuksa o clksa esa efgykvksa ds fy, fo'ks"k lhVksa dk vkjf{kr gksuk] efgykvksa dh fo'ks"k lqj{kk ds
fy, gS] blfy, ;g mfpr Hkh gSA laj{k.kkRed HksnHkko o vkj{k.k dh uhfr ds eqy esa cqfu;knh rdZ gS fd oafpr oxZ
dks eq[;/kkjk esa ykus gsrq ldkjkRed i{kikr vko';d gSaA gekjh ehfM;k dk dqN fgLlk ,slk Hkh gS] tks bl izdkj
dk i{kikr djrk gS vkSj ;g fu'p; gh ljkguh; gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] *pd ns b.fM;k* tS lh fQYe ;fn mrj&iwoZ
ds leqnk; dks Hkkjr dh eq[;/kkjk dk fgLlk lkfcr djrh gS] ;fn *eqYd *tSlh fQYe le>krh gS fd gj eqlyeku
vkradoknh ugha gksrk] ;fn *vkfVZdy&15* tSlh fQYe fn[kkrh gS fd lekt esa esa nfyr ;k oafpr oxZ fdl gn rd
'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj gS] ;fn *vyhx<+* fQYe ;g vglkl djkrh gS fd fdlh leySafxd O;fDr dks viuh uSlfxZd
:fp dh otg ls fdrus ykaNu lgus iM+rs gSa vkSj *Nikd * tSlh fQYe ;g fn[kkuk pkgrh gS fd rstkc ds geys ls
ihfM+r yM+dh dk thou fdruk dfBu gksrk gS] rks gS bl rjg ds i{kikr dks ge xyr ugha dgsx a ]s D;ksfd ;g
i{ikr le; vkSj lekt dh vko';drk gSA ;fn ch lkabZukFk tSls ehfM;kdehZ dks xjhch o Hkq[kejh ij thou Hkj
vuqlU/kku djus dk tquwu lokj gks tkrk gS vkSj os vehjksa dh ftUnxh ij /;ku ugha ns ikrs gSa] rks ;g i{kikr Hkh
iz'kalk ds ;ksX; gksrk gSA
fu"d"kZ
fu"d"kZ :i ls ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd yksdrU= pkgs jktuhfrd gks] lkekftd gks ;k vkfFkZd gks] mlesa yksxksa dh
lgHkkfxrk bl ckr ls csgn izHkkfor gksrh gS fd ehfM;k lekt ds lkeus dSlh Nfo izLrqr djrk gS \ ;fn ehfM;k
oafpr oxZ ds i{k es [kMk gksrk gS] rks ns'k dk lekos'kh fodkl lqfuf'pr gksrk gSA blds foijhr ;fn ehM;k vius
uSfrd nkf;Ro dks Hkqykdj jktuhfrd 'kfDr;ksa ;k vehjka dk fiNyXxw gks tkrk gS] rks og tkus&vutkus yksdrU= dks
detksj djrk gSA
orZeku ;qx esa Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dk vf/kdka'k Hkkx vius nkf;Roksa dk lgh rjhds ls fuoZgu ugha dj jgk gaS] vFkkZr~ og
vius mrjnkf;Roksa ls foeq[k gksdj cMs+ ykssxks dh pj.koanuk eas [kq'k gSA ;g fLFkfr vR;f/kd fpUrktud gSA ;fn
le; jgrs ehfM;k us vius nkf;Roksa dk lgh <ax ls fuoZg~u djuk vkjEHk ugha fd;k] rks fuf'pr gh og~ fnu nwj ugha
tc g~e yksdrU= ds vU/kdkj ;qx esa gksaxs vkSj Hkfo"; dh ihf<+;ksa ds lkeus viekfur gksus dks ck/; gksx a As

-6-
 Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr% cnyrs vk;ke~
fdlh ns'k dh fons'k uhfr mlds jk"Vªh; fgrksa ds vuq:i nwljs ns'kksa ds lkFk vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] lkekftd rFkk
lSfud fo"k;ksa ij ikyu dh tkus okyh uhfr;ksa dk leqPp; gksrh gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k dh fLFkfr ,oa oS'fod ifjfLFkfr;k¡
lnSo ,dleku ugha jgrha] blfy, cnyrh vUrjkZ"Vªh; ifjfLFkfr esa jk"Vªh; fgrksa ds n`f"Vdks.k ls le;kuqlkj fdlh
Hkh ns'k ds fons'k uhrh esa ifjorZu gksuk LokHkkfod gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd dksbZ ns'k u rks fdlh dk LFkk;h fe= gksrk gS
vkSj u gh LFkk;h 'k=qA Hkkjr dh tks fLFkfr LorU=rk izkIr djus ds le; o"kZ 1947 esa Fkh] oSlh fLFkfr chloha lnh
ds lkB ;k lrj ds n'kd esa ugha Fkh A chloh lnh ds lekIr gksus rd Hkkjr dh fLFkfr ifjofrZr gks pqdh Fkh vkSj
vc bDdhloha lnh esa bls nqfu;k esa rsth ls mHkjrh gqbZ fo'o 'kfDr ds rkSj ij ns[kk tkrk gSA Hkkjr us vius jk"Vªh;
fgrksa dks egRo nsrs gq, iMks+lh ns'kksa ds lkFk e/kqj lEcU/k cukus rFkk viuh igpkus oSf'od Lrj ij cukus gsrq
le;&le; ij viuh fons'k uhfr esa ifjorZu fd;k gSA
LorU= Hkkjr dh izkjfEHkd fons'k uhfr ¼1947&1966½
Hkkjr ds izFke iz/kkueU=h tokgjyky usg: dks Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr dk lw=/kkj ekuk tkrk gSA mUgksua s iz/kkueU=h ds
lkFk&lkFk fons'k eU=h dh Hkqfedk Hkh fuHkkbZ vkSj oSf'od fu%'kL=hdj.k] xqVfujis{krk o iap{khy ds fl)kUrksa ij
Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr dh uhao j[khA mUgksua s dgk Fkk& **lkjk fo'o bl ckr ds fy, LorUk= gS fd og tSlh uhfr
pkgs oSlh viuk,] fdUrq ge Hkkjrh; rVLFkrk dh uhfr viuk,¡xs vkSj lSfud xBcU/kuksa o 'khr ;q) dks nsus okys
rRoksa ds pDdj esa ugh iMsx + As ge lkjs lalkj ls fe=rk o ln~Hkko pkgrs gSA lcds lkFk cU/kqRo o lg;ksx dk Hkko
viukuk pkgrs gSaA lg&vfLrRo dh uhfr 'kkfUr dk vHk;nku nsrh gS] ;q) dh lEHkkoukvksa dks feVkrh gS rFkk lcdks
lg;ksx o ln~Hkkouk ds lw= esa ck¡/krh gSA ;g ekuo ds n`f"Vdks.k esa ifjorZu djrh gS rFkk ;q) dh vk'kadk dh
euksoSKkfud izfrfdz;k ls lalkj dks cpkrh gSA ** pw¡fd phu Hkkjr dk ,d iMkslh ns'k gS] blfy, tokgjyky usg:
us blls fe=rk dh uhfr ij vey djuk 'kq: fd;kA
o"kZ 1954 esa Hkkjr ,oa phu ds e/; iap'khy le>kSrk gqvkA fons'k uhfr ds rkSj ij iap'khy le>kSrs dk mn~ns';
ikjLifjd lg;ksx ds ek/;e ls fo'o 'kkfUr ,oa lqj{kk dh LFkkiuk djuk Fkk] fdUrq vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkkjr dks
viekfur djus ds n`f"Vdks ls 20vDVwcj] 1962 dks Hkkjr ds mrj&iwohZ lhekUr {ks= esa yn~nk[k dh lhek ij vkdze.k
dj phu us tEew&d'ehj ds dqN {ks= ij dCtk dj fy;kA phu bl vkdze.k ds }kjk viuh 'kfDr dk izn'kZu dj
Hkkjr dks detksj fl) djuk pkgrk FkkA phu ds bl vkdze.k ls tokgjyky usg: dks c<k vk?kkr igq¡pkA blh
vk?kkr ls o"kZ 1964 esa mudh e``R;q gks xbZA
usg: th dh e`R;q ds ckn ykycgknqj 'kkL=h iz/kkueU=h cusA mUgksaus s fons'k uhfr ds egRo dks le>rs gq, ,d
LorU= fons'k eU=h fu;qDr djus dk QSlyk dj ljnkj Lo.kZ flag dks bl in ij fu;qDr fd;kA 'kkL=h th ds
yxHkx Ms<+ o"kZ ds NksVs ls dk;Zdky esa Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr ;FkkFkZoknh fl) gqbZA bl nkSjku Hkkjr ds lEcU/k
nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ls csgrj rks gq, gh] lkFk gh lksfo;r la?k Hkh Hkkjr ds fe= jk"Vª ds rkSj ij mHkjkA tc
ikfdLrku us o"kZ 1965 esa Hkkjrh; lhek esa ?kqliSB djus dh dksf'k'kdh rks 'kkL=h th us bldk eq¡grksM+ tokc fn;k
vkSj mls Hkkjr lkeus ftlds vUrxZr Hkkjr }kjk ikfdLrku ds foftr {ks= {ks= s dks okil djuk r; fd;k x;kA
ykycgknqj 'kkL=h bl le>kSrs ds i{k esa ugha Fks] fQj Hkh u dsoy le>kSrk gqvk] cfYd jgLe; rjhds ls mudh ogha
e`R;q Hkh gks xbZA rk'kdUn le>kSrk fdlh Hkh :i esa Hkkjr ds i{k es ugh FkkA bls Hkkjrh; fons'k uhft dh ,d cMh+
foQyrk ekuk tkrk gSA
Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr ,oa ?kVukdze ¼1966&1989½
ykycgknqj 'kkL=h dh e`R;q ds ckn tokgjyky usg: dh iq=h bfUnjk xk¡/kh Hkkjr dh iz/kkueU=h cuhaA mUgksus
vUrjkZ"Vªh; tfVyrkvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fons'k uhfr esa egRoiw.kZ cnyko fd,A ykycgknqj 'kkL=h )kjk LFkkfir
iz/kkueU=h lfpoky; dks mUgksaus fons'k uhfr fu/kkZj.k ds izeq[k dsUnz ds :i esa mHkkjk vkSj xqIrpj lsok dks lqn`<+
djus ij cy fn;kA jk"Vªh; fgrksa ds fy, mUgksua s u dsoy iwohZ ikfdLrku dks ckaXykns'k ds :i LFkkfir gksus esa izeq[k
Hkqfedk fuHkkbZ] cfYd o"kZ1974esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k Hkh fd;kA blds dkj.k vesfjdk tSls ns'k Hkkjr ds f[kykQn gks x,
ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjr ij vusd izfrcU/k yxk fn, x,] fdUrq blls iwoZ o"kZ 1971 esa lksfo;r la?k ls Hkkjr dh lfU/k gks
pqdh Fkh] ftlus gesa u dsoy vkfFkZd] cfYd lSU; enn Hkh igq¡pkbZA lksfo;r la?k us tc vQxkfuLrku ij geyk
fd;k] rc Hkkjr us mldk leFkZu fd;k FkkA bldks Hkh Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr dh foQyrk ds rkSj ij ns[kk tkrk gSA
bfUnzjk th ds ckn tc eksjkjth nslkbZ Hkkjr ds iz/kkueU=h cus] rks mUgksaus fons'k uhfr ds Kkrk vVy fcgkjh oktis;h
dks fons'k eU=h fu;qDr fd;kA oktis;h us Hkkjr dh ewyHkwr fons'k uhfr;ksa esa dksbZ ifjorZu rks ugha fd;k fdUrq fdlh
Hkh ns'k ls lEcU/k ds fy, jk"Vªh; lgefr ij vo'; cy fn;kA eksjkjth nslkbZ ds ckn pkS/kjh pj.k flag Hkkjr ds

-7-
iz/kkueU=h cusA mUgksua s lksfo;r la?k }kjk vQxkfuLrku ij dCts dk Li"V 'kCnksa esa fojks/k dj Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr
dh xyfr;ksa dks lq/kkjus dk iz;kl fd;kA
viuh ek¡ Jherh bfUnjk xk¡/kh dh gR;k ds ckn tc jktho xk¡/kh Hkkjr ds iz/kkueU=h cus] rks mUgksaus fons'k uhfr dks
vk/kqfud n'kk ,oa fn'kk nsus dk iz;kl fd;kA Hkkjr ds vUrjkZ"Vªh; lEcU/kksa dks csgrj djus ds fy, mUgksaus vius
dk;Zdky esa pkyhl ls vf/kd ns'kksa dh ;k=k dhA phu ds lkFk lEcU/k dks vyx djrs gq, vkxs c<+uk gksxkA iMkslh
ns'k Jhyadk esa dbZ o"kksZ ls py jgs la?k"kZ dks lekIr djus ds fy, mUgksaus fo'ks"k iz;kl fd,A
Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr ,oa ?kVukdze ¼1990&2004½
blds ckn Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa vfLFkjrk dk nkSj izkjEHk gks x;kA FkksMs+ gh le; esa fo'oukFk izrki flag] pUnz'ks[kj]
,p Mh nsoxkSMk+] bUnz dqekj xqtjky bR;kfn ds :i esa dbZ iz/kkueU=h vk, vkSj x,A bl nkSjku fons'k uhfr ds rkSj
ij dqN eq[; ckrsa Hkh lkeus vkbZ] ysfdu os fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; ugha gSA
ekpZ]1998 esa vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ds iz/kkueU=h cuus ds ckn Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr esa dbZ ifjorZu gq,A os igys ,d
ckj fons'k eU=h jg pqds FksA bldk ykHk mUgsa vius dk;Zdky esa feykA vius jktuhfrd thou esa mUgksaus ns[kk Fkk
fd Hkkjr ds ikfdLrku ls vPNs lEcU/k ugha gksus ds izfrdwy izHkko nksuksa n'kksas ij iM+ jgs Fks] blfy, mUgksaus
ikfdLrku ls Hkkjr ds lEcU/km csgrsj djus dh fn'kk esa fo'ks"k iz;kl fd, ,oa blds fy, o"kZ 1999 esa ikfdLrku dh
;k=k Hkh dh] gkyk¡fd bldk ifj.kke ldkjkRed ugha jgk] ikfdLrku us mlh o"kZ dkjfxy esa ?kqliSB izkjEHk dj nhA
foo'k gksdj Hkkjr dks dBksj :[k viukuk iM+kA oktis;h th ds dk;Zdky esa gh Hkkjr ds lEcU/k vesfjdk ls csgrj
gq, ,oa o"kZ 2000 esa vesfjdh jk"Vªifr fcy fDy.Vu Hkkjr dh ;k=k ij vk,A 11 flrEcj] 2001 dks vesfjdk ds oYMZ
VªsM ls.Vj ij vy&dk;nk ds vkrafd geys ds ckn Hkkjr ,oa vesfjdk ds lEcU/kksa esa izxk<rk vkbZA ;gk¡ ls Hkkjrh;
fons'k uhfr dk ,d u;k nkSj izkjEHk gqvkA
Hkkjr dh cnyrh fons'k uhfr ,oa ?kVukdze ¼2004&2014½
o"kZ 2004 esa MkW- eueksgu flag tc iz/kkueU=h cus] rks ubZ 'krkCnh dh pqukSfr;ka ds vuq:i mUgksua s Hkkjr dks vkfFkZd
:i ls lqn`<+ djus dh uhfr ij dk;Z djuk 'kq: fd;kA bldk dkj.k mudk ,d vFkZ'kkL=h gksuk Hkh FkkA mudh
vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dk gh ifj.kke Fkk fd o"kZ 2008 esa tc lEiw.kZ fo'o vkfFkZd eUnh ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk Fkk] rc Hkkjr
ij bldk izHkko ux.; FkkA mUgha ds usr`Ro esa 2 ekpZ] 2006 dks vesfjdk ,oa Hkkjr ds chp gq, vlSU; ijek.kq
le>kSrs ds dkj.k Hkkjr fo'o dk ,slk igyk ns'k cu x;k] ftlus ijek.kq vizlkj lUf/k ij gLrk{kj u djus ds
ckotwn oS/k rjhds ls ijek.kq bZ/ku o rduhd izkIr djus dh fLFkfr cuk yhA
Hkkjr dks ;g fo'ks"k ntkZ nsus ds fy, vesfjdk dks vius dkuwuksa esa la'kks/ku djuk iM+k] gkyk¡fd bl le>kSrs esa Hkkjr
ds ykHk dh vuns[kh dh xbZA fQj Hkh vesfjdk dk Hkkjr ds izfr :[k uje gksus dks Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr dh lQyrk
vo'; dgk tk ldrk gSA o"kZ 2011 esa 'kh"kZ vesfjdh [kqfQ;k ,tsUlh us'kuy b.VsfytsUl ds funs'kd tsEl DySij us
Hkkjr dh fons'k uhft dh iz'kalk djrs gq, dgk Fkk& **Hkkjr lqn`<+ fons'k uhfr ij vkxs c<+ jgk gSA iwohZ o;
nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds lkFk lEcU/k c<+kus dk dk;Z dj jgk gS vkSj vesfjdk] :l o Qzkal ds lkFk mPp Lrjh;
laokn LFkkfir dj jgk gSA **phu dh vksj ls Hkkjr esa ftruh ljdkjh ;k=k,¡ gksrh gSa] mruh gh ljdkjh ;k=k,¡ Hkkjr
dh vksj ls Hkh gks jgh gSA Hkkjr la;qDr jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn~ dh LFkk;h lnL;rk ikus vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; fu;kZr fu;U=.k
O;oLFkk dh 'krksZ dks dk;kZfUor djus dh fn'kk esa vxzlj gSA og th&20] iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ lEesyu tSls vUrjkZ"Vªh; eapksZ
ds lkFk viuh lgHkkfxrk c<+k jgk gSA
Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr ds u, vk;ke o ?kVukdze ¼2014 ls orZeku½
o"kZ 2014 esa dsUnz esa Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj dk xBu gqvk vkSj Jh ujsUnz eksnh iz/kkueU=h cusA rRi'pkr~
mUgksaus tkiku dh ;k=k dh vkSj nksuksa ns'kksa us dbZ le>kSrs gq,] blh ekg ds vUr esa vesfjdk tkdj gekjs iz/kkueU=h
us vesfjdh jk"Vª Jh cjkd vksckek ds lkFk egRoiw.kZ f}i{kh;] {ks=h; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqn~nksa ij ckr dh] ftlesa O;kikj]
fuos'k] vkfFkZd lg;ksx o lqj{kk lfEefyr gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us foxr rhu o"kksZ ¼2014&17 ½ esa Hkkjrh; fons'kh uhfr
dks u;k vk;ke fn;kA blesa *yqd bZLV ikWfylh* ds LFkku ij *,DV bZLV ikWfylh* dks djuk] iMkslh izFke uhfr dks
viukuk] e/; ,f'k;k esa etcwr lEcU/k LFkkfir djuk] if'peh ns'kksa ls lEcU/k c<kuk] phu ds lkFk Mksdyke fookn
dk 'kkfUriw.kZ lek/kku xyoku ?kkVh fookn esa fpuh lsuk dks viuh oSnfs 'kd dwVuhfr ds lgkjs ihNs gVus vkSj iwoZ dh
fLFkfr cgky djus ij etcwj fd;kA ckaXykns'k ds lkFk LFkk;h lhek fookn] btjk;y ds lkFk vusd egEiw.kZ le>kSrs]
cqysV Vsªu dk vkxeu vkfn vusd izxfr'khy dk;ksZ dks vatke fn;k x;k] tks gekjh lqn`<+ gksrh fons'k uhfr dk
mnkgj.k gSA Hkkjr us viuh fons'k uhfr ds lQy iz;klksa ds dkj.k gh iMkslh ns'kks]a {ks=h; laxBuksa ds e/; etcwr
igpku cukbZ gS vkSj orZeku esa fo'o 'kfDr cuus dh fn'kk esa vxzlj gSA izkphu dky ls Hkkjr dk fl)kUr *olq/kSo
dqVqEcde* dk jgk gSA
-8-
blds vfrfjDr iap'khy] uke (NAM) rFkk fons'k uhfr esa cnyko us Hkkjr dks viuh igpku cukus esa lgk;rk dh
gSA orZeku esa vkfl;ku esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr etcwr gqbZ gS rFkk 'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu ¼,llhvks½ esa twu] 2017 dks
Hkkjr dks iw.kZ lnL; dk ntkZ Hkh izkIr gqvk gS] tks Hkkjr dh fons'kh uhfr dh dwVuhfrd lQyrk dks n'kkZrk gSA
blds lkFk gh Hkkjr dk f}i{kh; rFkk cgqi{kh; lEcU/k Hkh lQy fl) gqvk gSA
Hkkjr dks oSf'od iVy ij dbZ lQyrk,¡ izkIr gqbZ gS% tSls&twu]2016 esa Hkkjr dk oSf'od O;oLFkk] *felkby
izkS|ksfxd fu;U=.k O;oLFkk* dk 35ok¡ lnL; cuuk] Hkkjr ds nyohj flag Hk.Mkjh dk uoEcj] 2017 esa iqu%
b.Vjus'kuy dksVZ vkWQ tfLVl es tt cuuk egRiw.kZ gSA fnlEcj]2017 esa Hkkjr vkSj bZjku ds lg;ksx ls bZjku esa
pkcgkj cUnjxkg dk mn~?kkVu ,d egRoiw.kZ lQyrk gS] blls ls.Vªy rFkk e/; ,f'k;k ds chp lEcU/k c<sxkA
blds vfrfjDr 19 tuojh] 2018 dks Hkkjr dks vkWLVªfy;k xzqi dk lnL; cuuk Hkh ,d izeq[k lQyrk jgkA 30 ebZ]
2019 dks Jh ujsUnz eksnh nwljh ckj Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h cusA bUgksaus vius 'kiFk xzg.k esa gh lHkh fcElVsd ns'kksa dks
cqykdj Hkkjrh; fon'kh uhfr ds u, vk;ke dh 'kq:vkr ds ladrs fn,A Hkkjr us cnyrs oSf'od jktuhfrd ifjos'kksa
esa vius vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd fgrksa dh 'kkfUr gsrq fdlh vkSipkfjd lewg ij fuHkZjrk dks lhfer dj jgk gSA Hkkjr
us vesfjdk rFkk :l tSls ns'kksa ds lkFk larqyu cuk, j[kk gSA bl izdkj Hkkjr orZeku esa fdlh egk'kfDr ds lkFk
gh dsoy lEcU/k u cukdj] cfYd fo'o ds lHkh ns'kksa ds lkFk leUo;iwoZd lEcU/k LFkkfir dj jgk gSA
Hkkjr us viuh fons'k uhfr esa cnyko djrs gq, fo'o ds ns'kks]a laxBuksa ¼MC;wVhvks½] {ks=h; laxBuks]a vUrjkZ"Vªh;
laLFkkvksa ¼vkbZ,e,Q½ ds lkFk vPNs lEcU/k LFkkfir fd, gSA Hkkjr dh bl c<rh lQyrk ds ifj.kke Lo:i gh bls
,d mHkjrh oSf'od 'kfDr ds :i esa ns[kk tk jgk gSA ebZ]2020 esa Hkkjr ds dsUnzh; LokLF; eU=h MkW- g"kZo/kZu dk
WHO ds dk;Zdkjh cksMZ ds v/;{k dk in l¡Hkkyuk Hkkjr dh c<rh 'kfDr vkSj dq'ky fons'k uhfr dk ifj.kke gSA
fdUrq orZeku esa Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr dks fo'ks"kdj iMksl
+ h ns'kksa ds lUnHkZ esa iqu% fopkj djus dh t:jr gS] D;ksfd
usiky vkSj phu ds lkFk lEcU/k rukoiw.kZ gks x, gSaA usiky] phu ds izHkko esa vkdj Hkkjr ds lkFk lEcU/k [kjkc dj
jgk gSA usiky ljdkj us vkf/kdkfjd :i ls uohu ekufp= tkjh fd;k gSA ftlesa mrjk[k.M ds dkykikuh
fyfi;k/kqjk vkSj fyiqys[k dks vius lEizHkq {ks= dk fgLlk ekurk gS] ftlls nksuks ns'kksa ds chp lEcU/k [kjkc gks x,
gSA usiky vkt phu ds izHkko esa vk pqdk gSA og phu dh ou csYV ou jksM ifj;kstuk esa Hkh 'kkfey gSA vr% vkt
Hkkjr dks Hkh viuh fons'k uhfr dh leh{kk djus vkSj usiky ds izfr nwjn'khZ uhfr cukus dh vko';drk gSA
blh izdkj orZeku esa phu ds lkFk Hkkjr ds lEcU/k rukoiw.kZ gks x, gSa] ftls xyoku ?kkVh esas fgald la?k"kZ ds
lUnHkZ esa le>k tk ldrk gSA ;|fi bl rukoiw.kZ lEcU/k dk bfrgkl dkQh iqjkuk gS] ijUrq gky ds o"kkZs esa Hkkjr
dk ou csYV ou jksM esa 'kkfey u gksuk] Hkkjr&vesfjdk dh c<rh utnhdh] dksjksuk ladV ds chp vizSy]2020 esa
Hkkjr ds izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds fu;eksa dk ljy gksuk] MCY;w- ,p- vks- esa dksjksuk ok;jl dgk¡ ls 'kq: gqvk] bldh
tk¡p dh ek¡x dk Hkkjr }kjk leFkZu djuk vkfn ruko ds ize[q k dkj.k gSa] ysfdu Hkkjr vkt o"kZ 1962 okyh fLFkfr
esa ugha gS rFkk og viuh lkefjd {kerk o dwVuhfr ds ek/;e ls phu ds lkFk lEcU/kksa dks lUrqfyr djus dk iz;kl
dj jgk gSA
blds vfrfjDr vU; iMkslh ns'kksa esa ikfdLrku dks NksMdj vQxkfuLrku] ekynho] HkwVku] ckaXykns'k] E;kaekj vkfn
ns'kksa ls Hkkjr ds lEcU/k lkekU; gSA ikfdLrku ges'kk dh rjg lhekikj ls vkradokn xfrfof/k;ksa dks c<kok nsus rFkk
lhek ij lhtQk;j dk mYya?ku djus esa yxk jgrk gSA vr% Hkkjr&ikfdLrku ds chp lEcU/k fupys Lrj ij igq¡p
pqds gSA blh Øe esa Hkkjr ljdkj us ikd ljdkj ls Hkkjr esa fLFkr ikd nwrkokl ls deZpkfj;ksa dh dVkSrh ds fy,
Hkh dgk gSA dqN ikfdLrkuh vf/kdkfj;ksa ij tklwlh dk vkjksi yxus ds ckn Hkkjr us ,slk dne mBk;k gSA
fu"d"kZ
mi;qZDr ruko ds ckotwn Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr vkt Hkh olq/kSo dqVqEcde dk ikyu dj jgh gSA Hkkjr vkt dksjksuk
ladV ds nkSj ea fo'o ds fofHkUu ns'kksa dks gkbMªkWDlhDyksjksDohu o vU; nokvksa dh vkiwfrZ dj jgk gS] lkFk gh iMkslh
ns'kksa% tSl&s ekynho] HkwVku] ckaXykns'k vkfn dh bl ladV esa enn Hkh dj jgk gS] tks mldh lQy fons'k uhfr dks
js[kkafdr djrk gSA dksjksuk ladV ds nkSj esa Hkkjr ljdkj viuh enn o iz;kl dh lgk;rk ls fons'k uhfr dks ,d
u;k vk;ke iznku dj jgh gS] ftldh iwjs fo'o esa iz'kalk Hkh gks jgh gSA
baVjusV ij *futrk dh lqj{kk*%
,d cqfu;knh pqukSrhA
lqcg&lqcg lekpkj&i= ds igys iUus ij eksVs&eksVs v{kjksa esa ;g fy[kk fn[k tk, fd baVjusV dh f'kdkj efgyk us
vkRegR;k dh rk ,d {k.k d fy;s gh lgh fdlh Hkh lkekU; O;fDr ¼fo'ks"kdj fd'kksfj;ks ;qofr;ksa vkSj efgykvksa ½ dh

-9-
nsg flgj mBsxhA ;g lekpkj dgha&u&dgha fdlh O;fDr ds futh thou esa baVjusV ds ek/;e ls fd;s tku okys
gLr{ksi dh vksj ldsr djrk gSA ,sls esa ;g iz'u mBuk LokHkkfod gh gS fd vkf[kj baVjusV tSls lqyHk lais"z k.k
ek/;e ds tfj;s fdlh O;fDr dks futh rkSj ij uqdlku igq¡pkuk dSls laHko gqvk\ ;g lp gS fd baVjusV us gekjs
nSfud thou dks lqfo/kktue cukus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksMh+ ysfdu gj vPNh pht dk ,d vfiz; igyw Hkh gksrk gSA
baVjusV us ;w¡ rks vke iz;ksDrk ds lkeus dbZ pqukSfr;k¡ [kMh dj nh gSaA ysfdu baVjusV iz;ksDrkvks dh futrk dk
guu vkSj mlls tqMs+ vijk/k oSf'od Lrj ij cMh+ fpark ds fo"k; cu x, gSaA ;s pqukSfr;k¡ dkQh gn rd baVjusV
iz;ksDrkvksa fd futrk dk guu vkSj mlls tqMs+ vijk/k oSf'od Lrj ij cM+h fpark ds fo"k; cu x, gSA ;s pqukSfr;k¡
dkQh gn rd baVjusV dh [kqyh izd`fr ds dkj.k mRiUu gqbZ gSaA gesa fujarj lwpuk,¡ nsus vkSj ,d&nwljs ds fudV
ykus dh mldh {kerk dk vijkf/kd rRoksa ds gkFkksa nq:i;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks eklwe cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa ls ysdj
lh/ks&lkns ukxfjdksa rd dks fu'kkuk cukus ls ugha pwdrsA
baVjusV ij futrk ds guu dh leL;k fujarj xaHkhj gksrh tk jgh gSA ;g leL;k vc ek= NksVs vijkf/k;ksa ;k
'kjkjrh rRoksa rd lhfer ugha jg xbZ gS cfYd dqN cMh+ daifu;k¡ Hkh vius dkjksckjh m|s';ksa ds fy;s [kqysvke fdlh
O;fDr dh futrk dk guu dj jgh gSaA vkt ds cPps ftu leL;kvksa dks ysdj lokZf/kd ijs'kku gS] muesa baVjusV ds
tfj;s lrk, tkus] NsM[kkuh fd;s tkus] ihNk fd;s tkus] cnuke fd;s tkus tSlh leL;k,¡ izeq[k gSaA nqfu;k ds
cMs&+ ls cMs+ fo|ky;] egkfo|ky; vkSj fo'ofo|ky; lkbcj cqfyxa] lkbcj LVkWfdxa] baVjusV VªkWfyax] fQf'kax tSls
lkbcj vijk/kksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s cMh+ ek=k esa le;] lalk/ku vkSj Je [kpZ dj jgs gSA ;|fi ;s leL;k,¡ flQZ
cPpksa vkSj fd'kksjksa rd lhfer ugha gSaA baVjusV ls tqMk+ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr xksiuh;rk ds ijns ds ihNs nwljs O;fDr }kjk
ekufld izrkM+uk dk f'kdkj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA gkWyhoqM vkSj ckWyhoqM ds cMs& + cMs+ vfHkusrk & vfHkusf=;k¡
rd*lkbcj cqfyx vkSj *lkbcj LVkWfdx* ls =LV gSaA vusd jktusrk Hkh bl rjg ds vijk/kksa ds f'kdkj gks pqds gSaA
Qslcqd ds eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh vf/kdkjh ekdZ tqdjcxZ Hkh lkbcj LVkWfdxa ds f'kdkj jgs gSA
;s fLFkfr;k¡ n'kkZrh gSa fd tks baVjusV gesa rR{k.k fofHkUu tkudkfj;ksa ls voxr djkus] fdlh dk;Z fo'ks"k dks
vfr'kh?kzrk ls laiUu djus ¼ tSls&esy Hkstuk] /kujkf{k gLrkraj.k vkfn½ esa ,d lgt fodYi ds :i esa izLrqr gksrk gS
og fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks lgtrk ls gkfu igq¡pkus ds fy;s Hkh iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fMftVy ek/;eksa ds tfj;s fu'kkuk cukus okyk O;fDr dksbZ Hkh gks ldrk gS% t:jh ugha fd ge mls tkurs gh gksaA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s ;fn ge fdlh vutku lzkrs ls fu%'kqYd lkWW¶Vos;j ysdj vius dEI;wVj esa mls bUlVkWy djsa rks gks
ldrk gS fd mlesa LikbZos;j (Spyware) izksxzke Hkh Mky fn;k x;k gks] tks fcuk gekjh tkudkjh ds gekjs dEI;wVj
dh lwpukfn dks fdlh rhljs rd igq¡pkus ds fy;s iz;qDr fd;k tk,A og iwjh rjg vutku O;fDr Hkh gks ldrk gS
;k fQj ,slk O;fDr ftlls ge izR;{k :i ls dHkh u feys gksa yfdu lks'ky usVofdZx] eSlsftax IysVQkWeksZ vkfn ij
laidZ esa jg gksAa ,sls T;knkrj ekeyksa dk dkj.k bZ";kZ] }s"k] lac/k&foPNsn] >xM+k ;k fQj dksbZ ekufld fod`fr gksrh
gSA dqN yksx rks ek= ekSt&eLrh ds fy;s fdlh dks Hkh fu'kkuk cuk nsrs gSAvke thou esa Hkh bl rjg ds mnkgj.k
fn[k tkrs gSaA
dqN yksx VsyhQksu ij dksbZ Hkh uacj ?kqekdj Åy&tywy ckrsa djus yxrs gSA tc os ns[krs gSa fd lkeus okyk O;fDr
lpeqp ijs'kku gks jgk gS rks os mldk uacj lgst (Save) ysrs vkSj Hkfo"; esa Hkh ;gh gjdr nksgjkrs jgrs gSA Bhd
blh rjg ds mnkgj.k vkWuykbu ek/;eksa ij fn[krs gSaA ysfdu baVjusV dh izd`fr ds vuq:i ogk¡ nwljs yksx Hkh
muds lkFk vk tkrs gSa vkSj tkucq>dj vkdzke.k@ viekudkjh lans'k Hkstdj ijs'kku djuk ;k uqdlku ig¡qpkus tSlh
xfrfof/k;k¡ vk, fnu lekpkjksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bls gh *lkbcj cqfyax* dgk tkrk gSA dkuwuh ifjHkk"kk ds
vuqlkj ;g leL;k fdlh O;fDr ds ckjs esa baVjusV ij vQokgsa ;k >wBh [kcjsa QSykdj mlds izfr }s"k dh Hkkouk iSnk
djus rd lhfer gks ldrh gS ;k fQj O;fDr;ksa dks futh rkSj ij igpkudj mUgsa viekuhr vkSj cnuke djus dh
gn rd tk ldrh gSA bl dke ds fy;s lks'ky usVofdZx lans'kksa rd dk iz;ksx fd;k tkr gSA fdlh O;fDr dh
futh rjg fuiV ysrs gS ysfdu cPps vkSj fd'kksj dbZ ckj lkufld :i ls brus vf/kd ijs'kku gks tkrs gS fd
vkRegR;k rd dj ysrs gS dqN le; iwoZ ,d lekpkj ppkZ esa jgk Fkk fd dksydkrk esa ,d fd'kksjh us lks'ky
usVofdZx osclkbV ij vius ,d fe= }kjk ekWdZ fd;k gqvk viuk fp+= Mkys tkus ls O;fFkr gksdj vkRegR;k dj yh
FkhA mlds fe= us Qslcqd ij rjg&rjg dh fVIif.k;ksa ls mls lrkuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj varr% mlds fp= dks
v'yyh fp=ksa ds lkFk tksMdj ¼ekWfQZx½mlh ds VsyhQksu uacj ds lkFk iksLV dj fn;k FkkA
Hkkjr mu ns'kksa esa gS tgk¡ lkbcj cqfyxa dh leL;k lokZf/kd xaHkhj gSA nqfu;k Hkj ds cPpks]a fd'kksjksa rFkk ;qodksa ij
ekbdkszlksQ~V dh vksj ls djk, x, ,d loZs{k.k esa irk pyk fd Hkkjr ds 53 izfr'kr cPps bl lEL;k ls ijs'kku gSaA
lkbcj cqfyxa dh leL;k ij djk, x, ,d loZs{k.k esa Hkkjr phu vkSj flxkaiqj ds ckn rhljs LFkku ij FkkA baVjusV

- 10 -
ij xyr lwpukvksa vkSj vkjksiks dh tk¡p&iMrky dh leqfpr O;oLFkkk u gksus dkm YkkHk mBkdj dbZ fxjksg Hkh yksxks
adh futrk dh gR;k djus esa lfdz; gks x, gSaA ,sls esa fdlh ds fo:) Mkyh xbZ ,d vkifrtud fVIi.kh ml O;fDRk
ds fo:) bruk vf/kds 'k=qrkiq.k okrkoj.k cuk ldrh gS fd mldk thuk nqysHkZ gks tk,A
lkbcj cqfyx tgk¡ ,d Rofjr izfrfdz;k gS] ogha lkbcj LVkWfdxa ;ktukc) rjhds ls fdlh ij utj j[kus mldk
ihNk djus] mldh bPNk ds foijhr mlds fudV tkus dh dksf'k'k djus vkSj viuh gjdrksa ls mlds eu esa vk'kadk
;k Hk; iSnk dj nsus ls lacaf/kr gSA bl izfØ;k esa futrk dk ?kksj guu gksrk gS tks ,d laKs; vijk/k gSA lkbcj
LVkWfdax dh lokZf/kd f'kdkj efgyk,¡ gksrh gSA ns[kk tk, rks vkWuykbu nqfu;k esa gksus okyh ;g gjdr lkekU;
tuthou ls iwjh rjg esy [kkrh gS] tgk¡ fgykvksa dk ihNk fd;s tkus vkSj mudh futrk dk guu djus dh ?kVuk,¡
vke gSaA lks'ky usVofdZax ek/;eksa & bZesy] psV&:El] eSlsftax vkfn ek/;eksa us bl xfrfof/k dks u flQZ vf/kd
foLrkj fn;k gS] cfYd fdlh dk pkSchlksa ?kaVs ihNk djuk Hkh lahko dj fn;k gSA
vkWuykbu ek/;eksa dks bl rjg ls fodflr fd;k x;k gS fd os O;fDr;ksa ds chp nwjh dks vizklafxd cuk nsrs
gSaA bu ek/;eksa us fdlh O;fDr ds osc fBdkus ¼ist] izkQ s kby vkfn½ dks ns[kuk] mlls lEidZ djuk] mlds ckjs esa
O;kid tkudkjh izkIr djuk vkSj ;gk¡ rd mlls lac/a k cukuk cgqr vklku cuk fn;k gSA lkbcj LVkWdj bu
lqfo/kkvksa dk nq#i;ksx mlds futh thou esa gLr{ksi djus vkSj mls ldkjkRed ;k udkjkRed <ax ls izHkkfor djus
ds fy;s djrs gSaA
lks'ky usVofdZax ek/;eksa ij lkbcj vijkf/k;ksa }kjk gS'kVSx dk Hkh tedj nq#i;ksx fd;k tkus yxk gS tks
fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds uke ls gS'kVSx cukdj Åy&tywy fVIif/k;k¡ Mkyus yxrs gSaA gS'kVSx ;qDr fVIif.k;k¡ vf/kd
vklkuh ls nwljksa dh utj esa vk tkrh gSa vkSj os Hkh izfrfØ;k djrs gq, ppkZ ds fy;s vk tqVrs gSaA baVjusV vkSj
nwjlapkj ek/;eksa dh eqDr izÑfr iwjh nqfu;k ds fy;s cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS ysfdu lkbcj cqyh vkSj lkbcj LVkWdj bUghsa
dk bLrseky dqfRlr mís';ksa dks iwjk djus gsrq djrs gSaA ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] ;qok yM+fd;k¡ lkbcj LVkWfdax dh
vf/kd f'kdkj gksrh gSa] cfuLcr baVjusV dk iz;ksx djus okys nwljs yksxksa ds lkbcj LVkWfdax dh ?kVukvksa dk
fo'ys"k.k djus ij ik;k x;k fd ,slk djus okyksa esa ls vf/kdka'k ekeys fdlh u fdlh Li esa izse ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA
lkbcj LVkWdj ls fuiVus esa futh lko/kkfu;k¡ rks egRoiw.kZ gSa gh] bUgsa leqfpr tokc nsuk Hkh t:jh gSA vusd ckj
ihfM+r yksx lc dqN pqipki lgu djrs jgrs gSaA gkyk¡fd cgqr lh ;qofr;ksa us iqfyl dh enn yh gS ;k fQj Lo;a
gh viuh lkbcj LekVZul sa dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, vijkf/k;ksa dks lcd fl[kk;k gSA
Hkkjr ds vkbZVh dkuwu ds rgr~ Hkh lkbcj LVkWdlZ dks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds dqN
izko/kkuksa dk ,sls yksxksa dks lrk nsus ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gSA cgjgky] lkbcj lqj{kk ds izFke Lrj ds :i
esa Lo;a dqN lko/kkfu;k¡ Hkh cjruh pkfg;sAa
^^lkbcj LVkWfdax dh ?kVukvksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij ik;k x;k fd ,slk djus okyksa esa ls vf/kdka'k ekeys fdlh u
fdlh :i esa izse ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA lkbcj LVkWdj ls fuiVus esa futh lko/kkfu;k¡ rks egRoiw.kZ gSa gh] bUgsa leqfpr
tokc nsuk Hkh t:jh gSA vusd ckj ihfM+r yksx lc dqN pqipki lgu djrs jgrs gSaA gkykafd cgqr lh ;qofr;ksa us
iqfyk dh enn yh gS ;k fQj Lo;a gh viuh lkbcj LekVZusl dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, vijkf/k;ksa dks lcd fl[kk gSA^^
futk dh lqj{kk futrk dk vf/kdkj dk vax gS vkSj futrk dk vf/kdkj gekjs thus ds vf/kdkj ls laca) gSA ;fn
dksbZ O;fDr ;k lewg fdlh ea'kk ds lkFk blesa vuf/kÑr Hkwfedk fuHkkus yxs rks ;g loZFkk vuqfpr gSA baVjusV ij
fofHkUu epksa ds ek/;e ls ge vius ifjokj ds lnL;ks]a fe=ksa ds lkFk lEidZ lk/krs gSa] muls ckrphr djrs gSa ,sls esa
dksbZ Hkh ;w¡ gh gekjs futh thou ds dk;Zdyki esa O;o/kku Mkyus dk iz;kl djs rks bls Lohdkjk ugha tk ldrkA
vr% ^futrk dh lqj{kk^ ls laca) bl cqfu;knh pqukSrh ds lek/kku ds izfr rRij jguk vifjgk;Z izrhr gksrk gSA ;g
ugha Hkwyuk pkfg;s fd ^futrk dh lqj{kk^ u dsoy fdlh O;fDr dh futrk dks lEeku nsus ls lacaf/kr gS cfYd
vkilh laca/kksa dks Hkh ,d fuf'pr ifjf/k ds vUrxZr ykus ls laca) gSA rHkh rks fdlh dfo us dgk gS %
^^fny esa fNih tks ckr] oks tkfgj u dhft;sA
jkt+ cs&ijnk u gks] #lok u dhft;sAA
fj'rk gks viuk dksbZ Hkh] gejkt gh jgksA
fj'rksa dh ckr gS ;gha] u cnuke dhft;sAA

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 GENERAL ENGLISH Marks : 80
Part-A Marks : 20
Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(A) Identify the error and rewrite the correct form of the following sentences: (Q. No. 1-10) 10
1. The bad carpenter always quarrels with his tools.
Ans. A carpenter always quarrels with his tools.
2. Tribune is published from Chandigarh.
Ans. The Tribune is published from Chandigarh.
3. Would you like to have any drink?
Ans.Would you like to have some drink?
4. He enquired us whether we were going away that day.
Ans. He enquired us whether we had been going away that day.
5. Pinku said, “What a beautiful scene is it!”
Ans. Pinku said, “What a beautiful scene it is!”
6. I might swim across the river when I was young.
Ans. I would swim across the river when I was young.
7. Nobody had been done anything.
Ans. Nobody had done anything.
8. He is addicted by smoking.
Ans. He is addicted to smoking.
9. The master has no control on his servant.
Ans. The master has no control over his servant.
10. Do they made any mistake everyday in the prayer?
Ans. Do they make any mistake everyday in the prayer?
(B) Choose the word similar in meaning: (Q. No. 11-12) 21
11. Encourage
Allowed /inspire
Ans. Inspire
12. Veteran
Experienced / habitual
Ans. Experienced
(C) Choose the opposite in meaning: (Q. No. 13-14) 21
13. Prosperous
Indigent / Idealistic
Ans. Indigent
14. Extravagant
Frugal / obscure
Ans. Frugal
(D) Rewrite choosing the appropriate expression to form a meaningful sentence:
(Q.No. 15-16) 2  1
15. The researcher put forward/ put for a new theory of mechanism.
Ans. Put forward
16. His appeal was set beside/ set aside by the judge.
Ans. Set aside
(E) Selecting the correct word/phrase, rewrite the following sentences: (Q. No. 17-18) 21
17. The Merchant was murdered in cold night/ cold blood.
Ans. Cold blood.
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18. The English left India for good / for goodness.
Ans. For good
(F) Write a one word substitute for the following expression. : (Q. No. 19-20) 21
19. Capable of dealing with many subjects, master of all trades.
Ans. Versatile
20. That which cannot be consumed by fire.
Ans. Incombustible
Part-B Marks : 30
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (Q. No. 21-25)
Marks : 5 X 2 = 10
All the natural resources are found on the earth in varying qualities. Some of them are found in
small amounts while others are abundant. Even the distribution of these resources is not uniform. Some
parts of the earth are rich in one or more resources, while others are deficient. As there is disparity in the
distribution of these resources. Whereas some nations utilize more resources, others do not have enough
to meet the requirements of their people. Thus the unequal distribution, as well as utilization of natural
resources has widened the gulf between the developed and the developing, or the rich and the poor
nations of the world. The growth of population and the scientific and technological advancement have
increased the pressure in natural resources. As a result, several resources such as coal and petroleum may
be completely exhausted in the near future. Unlike we utilize our natural resources judiciously and find
out alternative sources as well, our future generation will have to suffer our account.
21. What is the result of unequal distribution and unequal utilization of natural resources?
Ans- Unequal distribution and unequal utilization of natural resources have widened the gap between the
rich and the poor nations of the world.
22. Which factors have increased pressure on natural resources?
Ans- The factors that have increased pressure on natural resources are: (i) the growth of population and
(ii) technological advancement.
23. What would the increased pressure on natural resources result in?
Ans- The increased pressure on natural resources would result in exhaustion of petroleum and coal in the
near future.
24. How can we benefit the future generations?
Ans- We can benefit the future generation by utilizing our limited resources wisely and by discovering
alternatives resources.
25. Write in English the meaning of the following words from the passage-
(a) The synonym of the word- Unlikeness ……………
(b) The antonym of the word- Limited ………………….
Ans (a) Disparity (b) Abundant
Translate the following sentences into English: (Q. No. 26-30) Marks : 5 X 2 = 10
26. jktLFkku bu fnuksa fctyh dh leL;k ls tw> jgk gSA
Ans- Rajasthan is facing the problems of electricity these days.
27. mldk izkFkZuk i= Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k gSA
Ans- His application has not been accepted.
28. D;k vki cPpksa dks i<kus tk jgs gks\
Ans- Are you going to teach children?
29. og lokZf/kd ;ksX; mEehnokj gksxk A
Ans- He will be the most suitable candidate.
30. og bu fnuksa iz”kklfud lsok dh rS;kjh dj jgk gSA
Ans- He is preparing for civil service these days.
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31. Make a précis of the following passage in about one third of its length and also suggest
its title: Marks : 10
There are more literate people in India today than ever before. But there are also more illiterate than ever
before. More children go to school than at any time in the past. But more children today are out of school
than any time in the past. But it is not enough to blame the high birth rate for this state of affairs. Indeed,
it can be reasonable argued that continued mass illiteracy is not the result, but the cause of the high birth
rate. Consequently, the spread of literacy can be a potent weapon of socio economic development.
Unfortunately official thought and planning in this regard has betrayed a failure of perception. The
problem of illiteracy is related to but not the same as that of education. And while it is a colossal task to
provide proper and full academic education to all children and youth in the country. The eradicating
illiteracy calls for a different and less leisurely blueprint. The following measures will be in the right
direction; more primary schools, new part-time educational centers for those who cannot attend regular
schools, and functional literacy centers for adults, especially in semi-urban and rural areas.
Ans- Title- Literacy
High birth rate is not the cause but the result of wide spread illiteracy. However, official thought and planning have
failed to perceive that spread of literacy can lower birth rate and bring about social- economic development. The
problem of literacy is concerned with the education, but its solution is different. Opening primary schools, part time
educational centers and literacy centers for adults particularly in semi-urban and rural area can be helpful in
tackling the problem of illiteracy.
Part-C Marks: 30
32. Write a paragraph on any one of the following in approximately 200 words:
Marks: 10

DIGITAL INDIA
Digital India is a campaign for bringing a revolutionary change in the country. It was started on 1st of
July 2015 from Delhi by the P.M. Its objective is to enable all the people to access each and every
digital facility & technology. It also wants to enable people to use digital services in their daily life.
As the word digital has no peculiar meaning since we connect this word to all those devices which
run through internet. Through the digital programme the govt. has the objective to connect all the
villages to one another through internet. This is also needed for the rapid growth in the fields of
education, business and other sectors. It can play a very important role in abolishing corruption if the
people of the country learn to use it. Through digitization all the people of the country will be able to
be accessible to each and every department as well as the digital documentation of their assets.
Through this campaign the govt. wants to make a chain between the public and the departmental
records. Thus we can say that this revolution will definitely mould the infrastructure of the
communication and data transfer in India.
Women Empowerment
The topic of women empowerment has been an important issue of discussion in the modern age. Our
mythological epics have also narrated the importance of the women. According to our religious epics
it is considered that the divinity dwells where the women are worshipped. But it's an irony that even
the edification of the women in the epics we feel a great need for the empowerment of the women. In
the present age there is a great need for the empowerment of the women because there has been a
great fall in the respect of the women in the present age in comparison to the medieval age.
At present when many Indian women are presiding over various political as well as the administrative
designations, the conditions of the rural women are still deplorable. There is a great difference
between the literacy ratio of the men and women. Around 30% women of the urban areas are working
in MNCs whereas 90% rural women are still connected with the work of agriculture and domestic
work. Many projects for the status-improvement of the women are being
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run by the government as: BETI BACHAAO –BETI PADHAAO, MAHILA HELPLINE
SCHEME, UKKAWALA YOJNA, MAHILA SHAKTI KENDRA, RESERVATION FOR
WOMEN IN PANCHAYATI RAJ AND PARLIAMENT etc.
So we can say that the concept of women empowerment can play an important role in the
improvement of the women-status. There is a need of the removal of all the social abuses related to
the women as well as man dominance.
In a nutshell, as our country is going to be included in the fast growing economy states, there
is a need of the achievement of the target of women empowerment. We have to remove all those
orthodoxical and irrational rituals which are still in existence against the women. We should also
bring a change in the concept of man dominant society. It's very necessary that we should change our
traditional thinking against the women and should bring a change in the constitutional and legal
provisions.
33. Elaborate any one of the following themes in approximately 150 words:
Marks: 10
(i) Cleanliness is next to Godliness

This is a well known saying of John Wesley. It does not mean or bodily cleanliness or
cleanliness all around us. Filth on hands, feet an body may be washed off with water,
clothes made dirty by dirt may be washed with soap but the mind made dirty by sin and
evil may only be cleansed by devotion to God. Thus the saying means that cleanliness is
no part of religion but certainly this is a duty. Here cleanliness extends to men's moral
character. It means that virtue does not dwell with filth. It means our hearts should be pure
from falsehood, clean from within and without, reflecting the truth like a mirror. The
proverb teaches us moral and spiritual cleanliness. It tells us to keep away from hypocrisy
and every kind of falsehood. We should be clean, pure and faithful in our hearts. Thus it is
true to say that cleanliness is indeed next to godliness.

(ii) Diligence is the mother of good luck

Where there is labour (hard work) there is sweetness. The achievements gained through
labour are sweet. What is got by labour always proves a blessing. It is said in the Bible,
"By the sweat of thy brow thou shalt earn thy bread. " Thus the fruits of labour are sweeter
and more enjoyable than the gifts of fortune. Life is a struggle and a man who has sweated
(worked hard) for money knows the right use of it. He will never waste this hard earned
money in feasting and merry-making alone, but will spend this- money on pleasures that
fill his life with joy. But a man who is born with a silver spoon in his mouth will spend
prodigally (extravagantly) and afterwards will have to repent. There is a dignity in labour
and no work is low. Thus the dignity of labour is sweeter and holier and appeals more to
our higher nature than the gifts of fortune which come to us without any hard work.
Fortune is fickle and it always göes on changing. Therefore, the gifts of fortune are
transitory, but the fruits of labour remain with us for ever and are enjoyable. Their flavour
is never lost. The only thing that overcomes hard luck is hard work. Therefore, we should
try to get what we want by the labour of our own hands.
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34. Write a letter to the XEN of the electercity board about consistent fluctuation and irregular
supply of the electricity in your Locality. (150 words) Marks : 10
OR
Write a report of the celebration of "Azadi ka Amrit Mahostava" in your city.

Examination Hall
Ganganagar

20 Feb., 2022
The Executive Engineer
JVVNL Office
Suratgarh
Subject- Consistent Fluctuation and irregular supply of electricity
Respected Sir/ Madam
We are residents of Housing board, Suratgarh and we want to invite your kind
attention towards the consistent fluctuation and irregular supply of electricity in our locality.
It is a fact that most of the students who are living in this area are preparing for the state administrative
services exams. They have to study most of the hours of a day as their exams are at hands. But it is very
disappointing that the supply of the electricity is not regular and they have to face abrupt interruption in their
study because of the fluctuation and power cuts.
Many times we have informed to the department about this problem but neither any attention has been paid
nor was it taken seriously.
So it is, therefore, requested to you to look into the matter and do the needful.
We shall be obliged to you for this kind act.
Thanking you

Yours Faithfully
XYZ

Aazaadi ka Amrit Mahotsava (By- Shri Rakesh Bhambhu)

20.02.2022, Suratgarh
The Last Sunday was a very patriotic festive occasion when a programme namely Aazaadi ka Amrit
Mahaotsava was organized and celebrated with great pomp and show at Bhatia Ashram. The chief
guest of this function was Mr. Nihalchand Meghwal, the honourable MP of the parliament. The
programme was hosted by Mr. Girvar Singh Shekhwat, The scholar of Hindi language at the
Aashram. The programme was stated by the unfurling and waiving the tricolor and the national
anthem. The chief guest addressed the audience stating the aims of celebrating this special kind of the
function. He told the people that the motive of this function was to recall and remember our glorious
past, the golden 75 years of our independence and the valuable scarification of our freedom fighters
for independence. He also stressed the need of the fact that our patriotic ancestors and freedom
fighters should never be forgotten and they should be recalled and honored time to time. He also
expressed the requirement of such kinds of functions to be celebrated so that the flame of patriotism
should be kept burning in the hearts of the Indians. Thereafter some patriotic and cultural
programmers were staged by the students. At the end of the programme, Mr. Praveen Bhatia, the
mentor of the Aashram expressed his gratitude for the chief guests and the other dignitaries.

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