laLdkj jkstxkj jk"Vªokn yksdfgrokn

HkkfV;k vkJe] lwjrx<+

¼bZekunkj iz'kklu] laosnu'khy iz'kklu] ldkjkRed ncax iz'kklu] tkfrokn jfgr iz'kklu½
jktLFkku jkT; ,oa v/khuLFk lsok,¡ la;qDr çfr;ksxh ¼eq[;½ ijh{kk&2021
Paper- II
mRrjdq¡th
13 Qjojh 2022] jfookj
vad&200 le; & 3 ?k.Vs
PAPER-II GENERAL STUDIES & GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
(Total Marks : 200 Marks)
(Total 39 Question)
Unit-I (65 Marks)
Part-A Marks : 10
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 15 words each. Each question carries 2 marks.
1- Hkkjr ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr vCnqy dyke ds thou ls feyus okyh mu nks f'k{kkvksa ds ckjs esa fyf[k,A
ftudk iz;ksx vki jktLFkku iqfyl lsok dk vf/kdkjh cuus ds i'pkr djsx a sA
mRrj &1- laons u'khy iz'kklu 2- bZekunkj iz'kklu 3- ldkjkRed ncax 4- izca/ku dh c<+Iiu
5- O;kolkf;drk vkSj vk/kqfudhdj.k 6- dM+h esgur vkSj yphykiu 7- ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k
2- uhfr 'kkL= ds vuqlkj ekuo thou dk y{; D;k gS \
mRrj & ekuo thou dk vafre y{; lq[k gS ftls uSfrdrk ds vuqlkj vPNk djus ls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA dksbZ Hkh
O;fDr gekjs lafo/kku esa of.kZr dkuwuksa] fu;eksa ] fofu;eksa dk ikyu djds vkSj uSfrdrk ds fl)krksa ds vuq lkj O;ogkj
djds lq[k izkIr dj ldrk gSA vjLrq ds vuqlkj] lq[k iq.; dk vH;kl gSA
3- ,d iz'kkld esa lkekftd U;k; dk Hkko D;ksa gksuk pkfg, \
mRrj & lkekftd U;k; dk eq[; mís'; lHkh dks leku vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd o lkekftd vf/kdkj o volj iznku djuk
gS o ,d iz'kkld vius tu dY;k.k ds mís'; esa bUgh mís';ksa dks /kjkry ij mrkjus dk dk;Z djrk gS] bu lHkh dRkZO;ksa
dks iwjk djus ds fy, iz'kkld esa lkekftd U;k; vR;ar vko';d gSA
4- ckS) uhfr'kkL= dh eq[; ckrsa fyf[k,A
mRrj & cq) dh ^vkRe nhiks Hko%* dh /kkj.kk izR;sd O;fDr dh ;ksX;rkvksa esa fo'okl djrh gS vkSj mls vius d"Vksa ls
Lo;a ckgj fudyus dh lh[k nsrh gSA ckS) n'kZu ^e/;e* ekxZ ij cy nsrk gS ftldk vFkZ gS vfroknh O;ogkj ls cpukA
;g bgyksdoknh n'kZu gS vkSj cksf/klRo dh vo/kkj.kk ij cy nsrk gSA ;g laons u'khyrk vkSj d:.kk ij vR;f/kd cy nsrs
gS ftlls lekuqHkwfr dk xq.k iSnk gksrk gSA pkj vk;Z lR; vkSj v"Vkfxad ekxZ ckS) uhfr'kkL= dk ,d vax gSA
5- vkpj.k lafgrk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \
mRrj & vkpj.k lafgrk ls rkRi;Z dqN uSfrd ewY;ksa ds lewg ls gS tks dqN fuf'pr dk;ksZa ;k vkpj.k ds ckjs eas ;g
crkrs gSa fd fdlh vf/kdkjh dks bUgsa djuk pkfg, ;k ughaA vkpj.k lafgrk dj.kh; o vdj.kh; ds dqN ekin.M fu/kkZfjr
dj iz'kkldksa ds O;ogkj eas lqfuf'prk ds dqN ekin.M fu/kkZfjr dj iz'kkldksa ds O;ogkj esa lqfuf'prk ykrh gSA fu/kkZfjr
ekin.Mksa ds vk/kkj ij fy;s x, fofHkUu fu.kZ;ksa eas ,dRo o lrrrk ns[kh tk ldrh gS ftlls mRrjnkf;Ro] fuoZgu o
fu.kZ;u esa oLrqfu"Brk vkrh gSA
Part-B Marks : 25
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 50 words each. Each question carries 5 marks.
6- ,d iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh dks uhfr'kkL= dk v/;;u djus ls D;k&D;k ykHk gksrs gSa \
mRrj & 1- uhfr'kkL= dk v/;;u djus ls ,d vf/kdkjh ds Hkhrj laoS/kkfud eqY;ksa] lekt ds jhfr&fjoktksa rFkk uSfrd eqY;ksa dh
le> fodflr gksrh gSA
-1-
2- iz'kkld uSfrd nqfo/kk dh fLFkfr esa lgh vkSj lVhd fu.kZ; ysus esa l{ke cusxkA
3- egku fopkjdks]a nk'kZfudksa ds fopkjksa ls ifjfpr gksdj mudks vius thou esa viukus dk iz;kl djsxkA
4- og vius Hkhrj bZekunkjh] tokcnsgh] lR;fu"Bk tSls ewY;ksa dk fodkl dj ldsxkA
5- lekt ds dY;k.k ds fy, dk;Z djus ds fy, izsfjr gksxkA
7- ,d uSfrd lEizR; ds :i eas _.k dks le>kb;sA
mRrj & mifu"knksa esa of.kZr vkJe O;oLFkk ds x`gLFk vkJe ds varxZr O;fDr ds fy, rhu _.kksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k gSA
1- fir` _.k & bldk vFkZ gS iwoZt vkSj firk dk _.kA ijEijk ds vuqlkj iwtk] ;K] vuq"Bku] nku&nf{k.kk nsdj fir` _.k ls
m_.k gks ldrk gSA
2- _f"k _.k & _f"k eqfu;ksa }kjk iznRr Kku] f'k{kk] lkfu/;] uSfrd rFkk 'kkL= Kku ds LFkkukUrj.k gh euq"; ij _f"k _.k gSA
xq#nf{k.kk ds lkFk&lkFk czãkpk;Z ikyu] _f"k;ksa ls lehirk m_.k gksus ds mik; gSaA
3- nso _.k & lalkj dh O;oLFkk,¡ ;Fkk izÑfr }kjk lapkfyr vfXu] gok] o"kkZ] izdk'k] feV~Vh vkfn ds fcuk euq"; dk] LodY;k.k
ugha gks ldrkA
bl izdkj uSfrd lEizR;; ds :i esa _.k dh vo/kkj.kk gesa vius ikfjokfjd] lkekftd vkSj oSf'od dRRkZO;ksa dk ckS) djokrs gq,
mu ij pyus dks dgrh gSA
8- lR;fu"Bk dk nk'kZfud vk/kkj fyf[k,A
mRrj & lR;fu"Bk %& lR; ds izfr fu"Bk ;kfu lR; ds fy, lefiZr gksukA
1- xhrkn'kZu esa deZ ;ksx dks izkFkfedrk nsrs gq, fu"dke deZ dh vo/kkj.kk izLrqr dh xbZ gSA
2- xka/kh n'kZu eas Hkh lR; dks bZ'oj ekurs gq, drZO; ikyu ij cy fn;k gSA
3- dk.V dh drZO; ds fy, drZO; dh vo/kkj.kkA
4- ik'pkR; nk'kZfud cszMys ds n'kZu esa vkRe lk{kkRdkj izsjdrk ls drZO; ikyu laHko
5- esVk,fFkDl esa lR;fu"Brk dk o.kZu feyrk gSa
fczVsu dh uksyu lfefr us lR;fu"Brk dks izeq[k ewY; ekuk gS] tks ,d iz'kkld esa gksuk pkfg,A
9- ^tokcnsfgrk Js"B iz'kklu dh vfuok;Z 'krZ gSA* vki bl dFku ls D;ksa lger gSa \ fyf[k,A
mRrj &tokcnsfgrk og izfØ;k gS tks uhfr fuekZrk dks mu yksxksa ds izfr tokcnsfgrk cukrk gS] ftuds fy, uhfr cukbZ xbZ gSA
Js"B iz'kklu ges'kk turk ds fgr esa dk;Z djrk gS] o blds fy, tokcnsfgrk igyh 'krZ gS] D;ksfa d ;g tu&fo'okl eas o`f) djrh
gS] turk vko'oLr gksrh gS fd iz'kklu buds fgr esa dk;Z dj jgh gSA rFkk tokcnsfgrk izfrf/kukRed yksdra= esa ljdkj ds
mRrjnkf;Ro eas o`f) djrh gS o ;g uhfr fuekZrkvksa }kjk fd, x, dk;Z dh vkSfpR;rk dks fl) djrh gSA blhfy, ;g dFku vius
vkSfpR; dks fl) djrk gSA
10- ,d iz'kkld esa oLrqfu"Brk D;ksa gksuh pkfg, \
mRrj & oSpkfjd ,oa HkkoukRed iwokZxzg ds fcuk fdlh oLrq] ?kVuk] O;fDr ds lanHkZ eas ;FkkfLFkfr ds vuqlkj n`f"Vdks.k j[kuk]
oLrqfu"Brk gSA
1- iz'kkld fopkj/kkjk] dYiukvks]a n`f"Vdks.k] iwokZxzgks]a ekU;rkvksa dk O;fDrxr fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, rF;kRed o rkfdZd vk/kkjksa ij
fu.kZ; ysrk gSA
2- uSfrd nqfo/kk] uSfrd fpark dk lek/kku djus eas oLrqfu"Brk lgk;d gksrs gSaA
Part-C Marks : 30
Hkkx&l vad % 30
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 100 words each. Each question carries 10 marks.
11- Hkxon~ xhrk ds uhfr'kkL= dks la{ksi eas crkrs gq, iz'kklu esa bldh Hkwfedk dk o.kZu dhft, \
mRrj & Hkxon~ xhrk esa JhÑ".k vtqZu dks deZ;ksx]HkfDr;ksx] Kku ;ksx] fu;r deZ] fLFkr izK] yksd laxzg] Lo/keZ ikyu]
cqf)erk] HkfDrekxZ] fu"dke deZ dk fl)kar le>krs gq, vius O;fDrRo dk fuekZ.k djus ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, uSfrd foQyrk o
uSfrd nqfo/kk ls ckgj fudyus ds jkLrs ds ckjs esa crkrs gSaA ln~xq.k o /keZ dh vo/kkj.kk iz'kklu esa uSfrd ijk;.krk dks bafxr djrh gS
xhrk ds uhfr'kkL= dh iz'kklu esa Hkwfedk %&
1- iz'kkld ds O;fDrxr xq.k & tSls n;kyq] vkKkdkjh] nkuh] 'kkafrfiz; tSls 26 xq.kksa o bUgsa fodflr djus o cuk, j[kus ds ckjs esa
crk;k x;k gSA
2- drZO;&fu"iknu & Hkxon~ xhrk iz'kkld dks fcuk fdlh jkx&}s"k ds drZO; iwjk djus dh dyk eaas fuiq.k cuus ds ckjs esa crkrh gSA
drZO; ijk;.krk esa fu"dke deZ dk lans'k xhrk iz'kkld dks nsrh gS] tks vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA
3- Hkxon~ xhrk lans'k nsrh gS fd iz'kkld dks jktk o _f"k dk feJ.k gksuk pkfg,] vFkkZr~ jktk ds :i eas fu%LokFkZ o _f"k ds :Ik esa
ifo= gksuk pkfg,A
4- Hkxon~ xhrk iz'kkld dks fu"i{k o O;fDrxr ykHk dks vuns[kk djus dk lans'k nsrh gS] ftlls og tu dY;k.k ds fy, dk;Z djsAa
5- blds vuqlkj ,d iz'kkld dks vius iw.kZ lkeF;Z ls vius drZO; dks fuHkkuk pkfg,] pkgs mldk ifj.kke tks Hkh gksA
12- uhfr'kkL= dks egku ;wukuh xq#&f'k"; ijaijk ds nk'kZfudksa lqdjkr] IysVks vkSj vjLrq dh D;k nsu gS \ o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj & uSfrdrk os ekun.M gS ftuds }kjk Lohdk;Z vkSj vLohdk;Z O;ogkj dks ekik tkrk gSA
lqdjkr dk uhfr'kkL= esa ;ksxnku %& lqdjkr us viuh }U}kRed i)fr vkSj ln~x.q k gh Kku gS dh vo/kkj.kk ds vk/kkj ij uhfr'kkL= dks
-2-
fuEufyf[kr fopkj iznku fd, &
1- lqdjkr ds vuqlkj] ifjiDork] Kku vkSj izse ds ek/;e ls uSfrdrk dk fodkl gksrk gSA
2- lqdjkr us vfuok;Z :i ls lnkpkj vkSj uSfrd O;ogkj dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy, tk¡p ds u, rjhds dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA
3- og ;g ugha ekurs Fks fd thou vkSj e`R;q ds vk/kkj ij fdlh dk;Z dk U;k; djuk iq.; gS] cfYd fu.kZ; lgh ;k xyr] ;k vPNs&cqjs
ekudks ds vk/kkj ij fd, tkus pkfg, ftUgsa vki ppkZ vkSj uSfrd ekxZ n'kZu ds ek/; ls izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
IysVks dk ;ksxnku %& IysVks us vius nk'kZfud jktk] U;k;fl)kar vkSj lkE;okn ds vk/kkj ij uhfr'kkL= dks fuEu fcUnqvksa ls le`) fd;k
&
IysVks uSfrdrk ds ,d xq.k&vk/kkfjr vo/kkj.kk dks cuk, j[krk gS vFkkZr~ lq[k ;k dY;k.k uSfrd fopkj vkSj vkpj.k dk loksPZ p mís'; gS]
vkSj xq.k bls izkIr djus ds fy, vko';d gS &dkS'ky o LoHkkoA
vjLrq dk ;ksxnku %& vjLrq us vius U;k;laca/kh fopkjksa jkT; laca/kh fopkjksa vkSj Økafr laca/kh fopkjksa ds vk/kkj ij uhfr'kkL= vxzfyf[kr
fcUnqvkas dks tksM+k &
1- vjLrq us bl ckr ij tksj fn;k fd ln~xq.k O;kogkfjd gS] vkSj uSfrdrk dk mís'; vPNk cukuk gS] u dsoy tkuukA
2- vjLrq dk ;g Hkh nkok gS fd dk;Zokgh dk lgh rjhdk fdlh fo'ks"k fLFkfr ds fooj.k ij fuHkZj djrk gS u fd dsoy ,d dkuwu ykxw
djus ls mRiUu gksrk gSA
iz'u 13- dsl LVMh
mRrj & mi;qZDr leL;k dk gy fudkyus eas esjs }kjk cuk;h xbZ uhfr dk n`f"Vdks.k rFkk rRo fuEufyf[kr gksx a sA
1- n`f"Vdks.k & esjs n`f"Vdks.k eas bu vkfnokfl;ksa dh rjQ ykHk dk gLrkarj.k dh uhfr ifjpkfyr gksuh pkfg,A gesa blesa laoS/kkfud
izko/kkuksa dk /;ku j[krs gq, vuqPNsn 46 ds ek/;e ls vuqlqfpr tutkfr;ksa ds 'kks"k.k dks
de rFkk vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks c<+kok nsus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A esjh uhfr izLrkouk ds lkekftd U;k; ds lkFk&lkFk lerk ds
fl)kar ij cy nsxh rFkk ogha buds ou vf/kdkjksa dks lqn`<+ djus okys izko/kkuksa dks egRo nsxhA
2- uhfr ds eq[; rRo %& 1- ou vf/kdkjksa dh lqn`<+rk ouoklh gksus ds ukrs rFkk vHkh viuh ijaijkvksa ls ca/ks gksus ds ukrs budk
lkjk fodkl ouksitksa ;k ogka ds lalk/kuksa ds ek/;e ls gh gksrk gSA blfy, fdlh Hkh ifj;kstuk ds ykxq gksus ls igys bUgsa ykxw
gksus dh fu.kZ; izfØ;k esa lgHkkfxrk ij cy nsuk pkfg,A
2- buds fy, u, jkstxkjksa dh igpku % VªkbQsM dks buds cus mRiknksa dks jk"Vªh; o varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij foØ; gsrq ubZ ;kstuk,a]
varjkZ"Vªh; gkV] dk;ZØe] esys bR;kfnA
3- dkS'ky izf'k{k.k % fdlh u, dk;Z ds dkS'ky ls vPNk buds ijaijkxr dykvks]a mRiknksa ds fuekZ.k] gLr'kSfy;ksa ds fy, dkS'ky
dsUnzksa dh LFkkiukA
4- lkekftd mRrjnkf;Ro lqfuf'pr% bldks lqfuf'pr dj izfro"kZ dh jkf'k ls buds vkoklks]a f'k{kk O;oLFkk] LokLF; rFkk jkstxkj
dh ;kstukvksa dks xfrA
5-buds y?kq m|ksxksa dks vkSj izf'k{k.k nsdj orZeku dh rduhdks ls tksM+dj bUgsa T;knk ls T;knk jkstxkjA
6- buds iquokZl dsoy [kkukiwfrZ u gksa cfYd okLrfod gksAa
7- eqvkots ds izko/kku gsrq buds cSadks esa [kkrs rFkk izR;{k% [kkrksa ds tfj, /kujkf'k dks Hkstuk rFkk og Hkh ,d fuf'fpr lhek
fu/kkZj.k djA
bl izdkj bu yksxksa ds laoS/kkfud vf/kdkjksa dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsxk] lkFk gh jkT; vius drZO;ksa dk Hkh ikyu dj ldsxkA

Unit-II (70 Marks)

Part-A Marks : 10
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 15 words each. Each question carries 2
marks.
1- ekuo 'kjhj dh vf/kdka'k fØ;k,a fdrus pH ijkl ds chp dke djrh gS \
mRrj & ekuo vkSj tarq txr esa gekjs 'kjhj dh vf/kadk'k fØ;k,a 7-0 ls 7-8 pH ds chp dke djrh gS ge blh ladh.kZ ijkl esa gh
thfor jg ldrs gSaA gekjs jDr] vkalqvksa] ykj vkfn dk pH yxHkx 7-4 gksrk gSA ;fn ;g 7-0 ls de gks tkrk gS ;k 7-8 ls c<+
tkrk gS rks thou vlaHko lk gks tkrk gSA
2- dkSulk :f/kj oxZ lkoZf=d xzkgh dgykrk gS \
mRrj & AB+ oxZ okys O;fDr dks lkoZf=d xzkgh dgrs gSa] AB+ oxZ okys O;fDr dks fdlh Hkh oxZ dk :f/kj fn;k tk ldrk gSA
ijUrq bldk :f/kj dsoy AB+ okys O;fDr dks gh fn;k tk ldrk gSA
3- ijkJO; rjaxsa D;k gksrh gS \
mRrj & ijkJO; rjaxs % 20]000 gV~Zt ls T;knk vko`fr dh rjaxksa dks ijkJO; rjaxs dgrs gSaA ;s rjaxs euq"; }kjk lquh ugha tk
ldrhA ijarq dqN tkuoj tSls dqRrk] fcYyh] pexknM+ vkfn bUgas lqu ldrs gSaA
buds iz;ksx eq[;r %& bdksdkWfMZ;ksxzkQh] lksukj] efLr"d ds V~;qej vkfn dk irk yxkus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
4- bUVjusV vkWQ fFkaXl ls D;k vk'k; gS \
mRrj & lal s j ;qDr] varlZacaf/kr ¼Interconnected½ oLrqvksa dk usVodZ tks MsVk vknku&iznku dj ldrh gSA lkFk&gh&lkFk MkVk
bdV~Bk Hkh dj ldrh gS] ^baVjusV vkWQ fFkaXl* dgykrk gSA
-3-
tSls & ifg;ksa esa gok de gksus gh lqpuk mleas yxs lsaljksa ds dkj.k Mªkboj rd igq¡p tkuk vkfnA bl rduhd dh nqfu;k esa
^ekSu&LØhu dEI;wfVax* Hkh dgk tk jgk gSA baVjusV vkWQ fFkaXl lsalj }kjk dke djsxkA tks t:jr iM+us ij lrdZ gks tk,xk
vkbZih ,Mªl
s ls pyk;k tk,xkA ;g usVodZ ds tfj;s dusDV gksxkA ^baVjusV vkWQ fFkaXl* dh t:jr iM+us dk ,d dkj.k balku dh
O;Lrrk Hkh gSA baVjusV fcuk iz;ksxdrkZ }kjk fDyd fd;s dksbZ lwpuk ugha nsrkA blfy, ,slh rduhd dh 'kq:vkr dh tk jgh gS]
ftlesa lc dqN Lor% ¼vkWVks eksM½ gksxkA ljy 'kCnksa esa ;gh ^baVjusV vkWQ fFkaXl* dh vo/kkj.kk gSA
5- fjeksV lasflax lsVsykbV ds ckjs eas tkudkjh nhft,A
mRrj & lw;Z ls i`Foh dh lrg ij vkus okys n`'; rFkk vojDr fofdj.k esa ls dqN fofdj.k lh/ks Vdjkdj Åij vo'kksf"kr dj ckn
esa mUgsa vis{kkÑr vf/kd rjax nS/;Z okys fofdj.k ds :i esa VªkalfeV djrh gSA
bUgh ijkofrZr rFkk VªkalfeV fofdj.kksa dk iz;ksx lqnjw laosnu mixzg fjeksV lsaflax ds fy, djrs gSA blds vfrfjDr dqN
mixzg Lo;a fo|qr pqacdh; fofdj.k mRlftZr djrs gSa rFkk tc os i`Foh ls Vdjkdj ijkofrZr gksrs gSa rks bu ijkofrZr
fofdj.kksa dk iz;ksx os fjeksV lafs lax ds fy, djrs gSa fjeksV lsfa lax mixzgksa dks i`Foh dh yksvj vFkZ vkWfcZV esa LFkkfir
fd;k tkrk gSA fjeksV lasflax dks fuEufyf[kr nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA
1- lfØ; fjeksV lafs lax & bl izdkj ds mixzg [kjkc ekSle esa Hkh vk¡dM+s ,d= dj ldrs gSaA bu mixzgksa eas bl dk;Z ds
fy, flaFksfVd ,ipZj jMkj yxk gksrk gS RISAT-1,RISAT-2 ,sls gh Hkkjrh; mixzg gSaA
2- fuf"Ø; fjeksV lafs lax & bl fjeksV lafs lax esa iz;qDr mixzg i`Foh dh lrg ls ijkofrZr rFkk VªkalfeV n`'; ,oa vojDr
fofdj.k dk iz;ksx fjeksV lafs lax ds fy, djrs gSaA
Part-B Marks : 20
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 50 words each. Each question
carries 5 marks.
6- vkj-Mh-,Dl- ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nhft,A
mRrj & bldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ^fjlpZ ,.M MoyIM ,DlIyksflo* o jklkfud uke ^lkbDyksVªkbZ esfFkyhu VªkbukbVªsehu* gSA
;g lQsn nkusnkj ikmMj gS ftldh [kkst teZuh ds glgSfuax us 1899 bZ- esa dh Fkh bls ^IykfLVd foLQksVd* Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA bls la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk eas lkbDyksukbV] bVyh esa T-4 o teZuh eas gSDlkstu dgrs gSaA blesa ikWyh ;wjFs khu ;k
ikWyh C;wVkMkbu ,fØfyd vEy vkfn IykfLVdksa dks feykdj IykfLVd czkMsM foLQksVd fufeZr fd;k tkrk gSA,Y;wfefu;e
pw.kZ feykus ls bldh foLQksVd {kerk ;k izp.Mrk esa vkSj vf/kd o`f) gks tkrh gSA
/;krO; gS fd bldk Å"eh; eku yxHkx 1510 fdyksdSyksjh izfr fdxzk gksrk gSA
7- ekuo 'kjhj esa bUlqfyu dh Hkwfedk fyf[k,A
mRrj & balqfyu dk dk;Z :f/kj esa 'kdZjk ds Lrj dks uhps j[kuk gSA ;g Årdksa esa Xywdkst dh mi;ksfxrk c<+rk gSA vkSj is'kh rFkk
;Ñr esa Xywdkst dks ¼Xywdksl ;wfj;k½ c<+us yxrk gSA 'kjhj eas dkcksZgkbMªVs ds mikip; esa bldh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA
1- ;g dkcksZgkbMªsV ds ikpu ls ÅtkZ foeqDr djrh gSA
2- ;g Xywdkst ds vkDlhdj.k ls ÅtkZ foeqDr djrh gSA
3- ;g :f/kj esa Xywdkst dh fuf'pr ek=k cuk;s j[krh gSA
4- ;g dksf'kdkvksa dh vk/kkjh mikip;h nj dks izHkkfor djrh gSA
5- ;g olk ÅRrdksa esa olk la'ys"k.k vFkkZr ykbikstsufs ll dks izHkkfor djrh gSA
8- ukfHkdh; pqEcdh; vuqukn dks le>kb,A
mRrj & ;g ,d ,slk ijh{k.k gS tks vkf.od Lrj ij fdlh mRiknu dh ljapuk dk irk yxk ldrk gS] ;g jlk;u foKku dh ,d
fo'ys"k.kkRed rduhd gS ftldk mi;ksx uewus dh lkexzh vkSj 'kq)rk ds lkFk&lkFk bldh vk.kfod lajpuk dks fu/kkZfjr djus rFkk
xq.koRrk fu;a=.k vkSj vuqla/kku esa fd;k tkrk gSA
ijek.kq pqEcdh; vuqukn ¼NMR½ LisDVªksLdksih vkS"k/kh; vkSj vU; jklk;fud v.kqvkas ds lajpukRed Lo:i dk voyksdu djus dh ,d
egRoiw.kZ rduhd gSA ;g rjy o Bksl inkFkksaZ eas ijek.kqvksa ds izdkj] ek=k rFkk xBu ds ckjs esa ijek.kqvkas ds izdkj] ek=k rFkk xBu ds
ckjs esa fo'ys"k.kkRed MsVk iznku djrh gSA bls loZizFke ,d HkkSfrd ifj?kVuk ds :i esa igpkuk x;k FkkA bl ijh{k.k ds fy, uewus dks
pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kdj ml ij ,u-,e-vkj- flXuy mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy, uewus ij jsfM;ks rjaxksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
ftlls ,fMªd pqEcdh; izfr/ofu mRiUu gksrh gSA izR;sd ;kSfxd ds Lo;a ds vuqBs vkSj Lora= y{k.k gksrs gSaA vk/kqfud dkcZfud jlk;u ls
lacaf/kr v/;;uksa eas ,u-,e-vkj- ijh{k.k vR;ar lVhd gSA Kku ijh{k.k ls fdlh ok;jl ds tSo ;kSfxdksa dks igpkuuk lEHko gSA
9- fcx MsVk D;k gksrk gS \
mRrj & fcx MsVk 'kCn dk iz;ksx ,sls vkWuykbu MkVvksa ds laxzg.k ds fy, fd;k tkrk tks fd ek=k esa fo'kky gS vkSj le; ds
lkFk rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA bl rjg ds MsVk brus cM+s vkSj tfVy gSA fd dksbZ Hkh ikjEifjd MsVk izca/ku midj.k bls LVksj ;k bls
dq'kyrk ls la'kksf/kr djus esa l{ke ugha gSA fcx MkVk eaas izfr lsds.M gtkjksa thch dk MkVk bdV~Bk gksrk jgrk gSA ftleas VsDlV]
vkWfM;ks] ohfM;ks] bestst vkSj lks'ky lkbV~ gj izdkj dk MkVk jgrk gSA blesa ls dqN MkVk LVªDpMZ jgrk gS tSls daifu;ksa bR;kfn
dk ijarq vf/kdka'k MkVk vlapfjr ;k dPpk MkVk ds :i esa gksrk gSA tks lks'ky lkbV vkSj nwljs L=ksrksa ls vkrk gSA ewy :i ls
fcx MkVk esa e'khu tfur ¼Machine Generated½ vkSj ekuo tfur ¼Human Generated½ MkVk gksrk gSA

-4-
 Part-C Marks : 40
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 100 words each. Each question carries 10
marks.
10- /kkrqdeZ fl)kar vkSj fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj & /kkrqdeZ& fdlh /kkrq ds v;Ld ls ml /kkrq dks izkIr djus dh izfØ;kvksa dks /kkrqdeZ dgk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k & [kfut
¼jsr] iRFkj vkfn½
/kkrqdeZ fl)kar & fofHkUu /kkrqvksa ds fu"d"kZ.k dh fof/k;k¡ & mudh lfØ;rk ds vk/kkj ij r; fd;k tkrk gSA
/kkrq dh lfØ;rk & muds ijek.kqvksa }kjk R;kxs x, bysDVªksuksa dh izo`fr dk eki gSA

1- dksbZ /kkrq ijek.kq ftruh vklkuh ls bysDVªksuksa dks R;kx dj /kuk;u cukrk gSA og izcy vipk;d gksrk gSA
2- dksbZ /kkrq vk;u vklkuh ls bysDVªksuksa ls xzg.k djds /kkrq cuk ysrk gSA /kkrq & de lfØ;] nqcZy vipk;d gksrk gSA
bl izdkj /kkrq vkSj mlds vk;uksa ds e/; mRiUUk gq, foHko tks bysDVªkWM foHko dgk tkrk gSA
/kkrqØe dh fof/k;k¡ &
1- v;Ldksa dk lkanz.k 2- lkafnzr v;Ld ls /kkrqvksa dk fu"d"kZ.k 3- /kkrqvksa dk 'kqf)dj.k vFkok 'kks/ku
v;Ldksa dk lkanz.k & v;Ldksa dks pV~Vkuks]a [kkuksa vkfn ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gS vr% v;Ld eas feV~Vh] dadM+] iRFkj vkfn dh
v'kqf);k¡ dkQh ek=k esa feyh jgrh gS rFkk mlesa /kkrq ;kSfxd dh izfr'kr ek=k dkQh de gksrh gSA v;Ldksa esa fo|eku bu
v'kqf);ksa dks vk|k=h vFkok xSax ;k vinzO; vFkok eSfVªDl dgk tkrk gSA v;Ld dks bu v'kqf);ksa ls eqDr djds mlesa /kkrq
;kSfxd dh izfr'kr ek=k dks c<+kus dh izfØ;k gh v;Ldksa dk lkUnz.k dgykrh gSA v;Ldksa dk lkUnz.k djus ls igys [knkuksa ls
izkIr v;Ldksa ds cM+& s cM+s VqdM+ksa dks dwV ihldj eghu pw.kZ cuk fy;k tkrk gSA blds fy, nfy= vFkok Ø'kj vkSj LVSEi fey dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
bl izdkj v;Ld ds fils gq, pw.kZ dk fofHkUu fof/k;ksa }kjk lkanz.k fd;k tkrk gSA bldh dqN izeq[k fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu fuEufyf[kr
izdkj gS&
1- xq#Roh; i`FkDdj.k fof/k & ;g fof/k bl fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gS fd ;fn v;Ld dks ty dh /kkjk esa j[kk tk, rks de ?kuRo
gksus ds dkj.k feV~Vh] jsr vkfn rks cgdj fudy tkrs gS rFkk mPp ?kUkRo okys Hkkjh /kkrq v;Ld ds de iSans esa ,df=r gksrs tkrs
gSA
2- >kx Iyou fof/k & ;g fof/k bl fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gS fd v;Ld vkSj vk|k=h dh rsy vkSj ikuh esa xhyk gks us dh izo`fRr
vyx&vyx gksrh gSA vk|k=h ty ds lkFk 'kh?kz xhyh gksrh gS tcfd v;Ld dh izo`fRr rsy ds lkFk xhyk gksus dh gksrh gSA ;g
fof/k eq[; :i ls lYQkbM v;Ldksa ds lkUnz.k esa iz;qDr dh tkrh gSA
,d cM+s ik= esa ikuh vkSj rsy dk feJ.k ysdj mlesa ckjhd pw.kZ fd;k gqvk v;Ld Mkyrs gSa rFkk fQj ,d ikbi ds }kjk mlesa
mPp nkc ij ok;q dks izokfgr djrs gSaA >kx curs gSa rFkk lYQkbM v;Ld ds d.k >kx ds lkFk rSjdj Åij rSyh; lrg ij vk
tkrs gS tcfd v'kqf);k¡ vk|k=h ik= ds iSans esa ,df=r gks tkrh gSA
3- pqEcdh; i`FkDdj.k fof/k & ;g fof/k mu v;Ldksa ds lkUnz.k esa iz;qDr dh tkrh gS ftuesa pqEcdh; xq.k ik, tkrs gSa ;k
vpqEcdh; v;Ld ds lkFk dksbZ vU; pqEcdh; v;Ld dh v'kqf) fefJr gksrh gSA bl fof/k esa ckjhd ihlsa gq, v;Ld pw.kZ dks ,d
,sls iV~Vs ij /khjs&/khjs fxjk;k tkrk gS tks nks fo|qr pqEcdksa ij ?kwerk jgrk gSA bl izdkj ?kwers gq, iV~Vs ls tc v;Ld pw.kZ uhps
fxjrk gS rks pqEcdh; xq.kksa okys d.k pqEcdh; vkd"kZ.k ds dkj.k iV~Vs dh rjQ fxjrs tkrs gS tcfd vpqEcdh; d.k iV~Vs ls nwj
fxjrs tkrs gSA bl rjg v;Ld vkSj v'kqf);ksa dh nks fHkUu&fHkUu <sfj;k¡ curh tkrh gS ,oa v;Ld dk lkanz. k gksrk tkrk gSA
11- ekuo us= ls lacfa /kr nks"kksa dk o.kZu djrs gq, muds mipkj ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nhft,A
mRrj & ekuo us= esa dqN n`f"V&nks"k mRiUu gks tkus ds dkj.k oLrq dk izfrfcEc jsfVuk ij ugha curk o lgh ;k lkQ ugha fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
n`f"V nks"k ds izdkj fuEufyf[kr gSa &
1- fudV n`f"V nks"k ¼Miopia½ & bl nks"k esa nwj dh oLrq,¡ Li"V ugha fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA vFkkZr~ nwj&fcUnq vuUr ls de nwjh ij gksrk gSA vr% nwj
fLFkr oLrq dk izfrfcEc jsfVuk ls igys curk gSA bl nks"k dks vilkjh ¼vory@ Concave½ ysl a ks ds iz;ksx }kjk nwj fd;k tkrk gSA ek;ksfi;k
dks fudV n`f"V&nks"k dgrs gSaA
2- gkbijesVªksfivk & bls nwj&n`f"Vnks"k vFkok nwj&n`f"Vrk Hkh dgrs gSaA blesa ikl dh oLrq,¡ Li"V ugha fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA vFkkZr~
fudV&fcUnq 25 lseh- ls vf/kd nwjh ij gksrk gSA vr% ikl fLFkr oLrq dk izfrfcEc jsfVuk ds ihNs curk gSA bl nks"k dks vfHklkjh
¼mRry@ Convex½ yasl ds mi;ksx }kjk nwj fd;k tkrk gSA
3- izslck;ksfi;k & bl nks"k esa ikl o nwj nksuksa dh gh oLrq,¡ Li"V ugha fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA vFkkZr~ nwj&fcUnq vuUr ls de nwjh ij rFkk
fudV fcUnqq 25 lseh- ls vf/kd nwjh ij gksrk gSA bls ;k rks nks vyx&vyx p'ekas ¼ysalks½ dk ¼,d ek;ksfivk }kjk nwljk
gkbijesVªksfi;k ds fy,½ mi;ksx djds nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS] vFkok f}Qksdl&ySal }kjk Hkh nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g lkekU;rk
o`)koLFkk esa gksus okys ,d chekjh gSA o`)koLFkk esa gksus okys ,d chekjh gSA o`)koLFkk eas i{kekHkh&dksf'kdkvksa dh izR;;kLFkrk [kRe
gks tkrh gS] blfy, ;g us=&ysal dh Qksdl&nwjh dks izHkkoh :i ls cny ugha ldrs gSaA
4- ,sfLVxesfVT+e ¼Astimatism½ & ;g us=&ysl a dh viw.kZ xksyh; izÑfr ds dkj.k gksrk gSA us=ySal dh Qksdl nwjh nks ijLij
yEcor~ fn'kkvksa esa fHkUu gks tkrh gSA vr% og oLrqvksa dks nks ijLij yEcor~ fn'kkvksa esa ,d lkFk ugha ns[k ldrs gSaA fn'kkvksa
laaca/kh us= dk ;g nks"k fuf'pr fn'kk esa csyukdkj ysalksa ds iz;ksx }kjk nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA

-5-
12- fpfdRlk foKku dh n`f"V ls dksjksuk dks le>kb,A
mRrj & dksjksuk ok;jl fMtht dh igpku igyh ckj fnlacj 2019 esa phu ds oqgku esa gqbZ FkhA dksfoM&19 dk oSf'od izdksi vHkh Hkh tkjh gSA
dksjksukok;jl D;k gS \
dksjksufo;qZt dksjksufofjMs uked ok;jl ds ifjokj ls lacaf/kr gSa vkSj fuMksfojkysl dks vkMZj djrs gSaA dksjksukok;jl dk uke muds eqdVq tSlh vkÑfr
ds dkj.k feyrk gSA ¼dksjksuk rkt ds fy, ySfVu uke gS½A os tkuojksa vkSj if{k;ksa esa ik, tkrs gSa vkSj twuksfVd gksrs gSa & D;ksfa d os tkuojksa vkSj yksxksa
ds chp lapfjr gksrs gSaA dqN izdkj ds dksjksuk ok;jl euq";ksa ds fy, [krjukd gksrs gSa vkSj blds ifj.kkeLo:i 'olu flaMªkse tSlh xaHkhj fcekfj;k¡
gksrh gSaA
uksosy dksjksuk ok;jl ¼Covid-19½ &dksjksuk ok;jl dk ,d u;k LVªus ftldh igpku igys ugha dh xbZ gS mls uksosy dksjksukok;jl dgk tkrk gSA
dksjksukok;jl jksx 2019 ,d laØked jksx gS tks xaHkhj rhoz 'olu flaMªkse dksjksukok;jl 2 ¼SARS-CoV-2½ ds dkj.k gksrk gS] ;g ,d ok;jl gS
tks SARS ok;jl us fudVrk ls lacaf/kr gSA 2019-nCov dks vf/kdkfjd uke COVID-19 fn;k x;k gSA MCY;w ,p vks us dksfoM laØe.kksa dks
varjkZ"Vªh; fpark dk lkoZtfud LokLF; vkikrdky ?kksf"kr fd;k vkSj ckn esa bls egkekjh dgkA gkykafd uksosy dksjksukok;jl vR;f/kd laØked gS vkSj
rsth ls QSyrk gS] e`R;q nj de gS &dsoy yxHkx 3-7 izfr'krA gkykafd] oSf'od Lrj ij laØe.k dh vk'kadk dks ns[krs gq, bl izdksi dks rsth ls
QSyus ls jksdus ds fy, gj laHko dne mBk, tkus pkfg,A
tc mfpr lgk;d ns[kHkky nh tkrh gS] rks vf/kdka'k yksx 28 fnuksa ds Hkhrj dksfoM&19 laØe.k ls Bhd gks tkrs gSaA
ok;jl vkSj ok;jy laØe.k &
 ok;jl gj txg ik, tkrs gSa vkSj mudh mRifRr Li"V ugha gSA ok;jl u rks e`Rk gksrs gSa vkSj u gh thfor cfYd ^thou ds fdukjs* esa
jgus okys ekus tkrs gSA
 mudh ,d ljy lajpuk gksrh gS & ,d vkuqokaf'kd lkexzh] Mh,u, ;k vkj,u,] tks dSfIlM uked izksVhu ls f?kjh gksrh gSA gkykafd
ok;jl esa thu gksrs gSa] ysfdu muds ikl ,d lsyqyj lajpuk ugha gksrh gS vkSj blfy, ok;jl dksf'kdk dks laØfer fd, fcuk iqu%
mRiUu ugha dj ldrs gSaA
 ,d ckj vanj tkus ds ckn] os lsy ds vanj bdV~Bk gks tkrs gSa vkSj estcku lsy dh e'khujh dk mi;ksx djds os Lo;a dh izfr;k¡ rS;kj
djrs gSaA estcku dksf'kdk ls ok;jl ds fudyus ls bldh f>Yyh vkSj dksf'kdk fHkfRr QV tkrh gS] ftlls dksf'kdk ej tkrh gSA
dksjksukok;jl thukse & dksjksukok;jl esa ,d vkj,u, thukse gksrk gS vkSj ;g vkj,u, ifjokj esa lcls cM+s esa ls ,d gSA
dksjksufo;wZt <ds gq, gSa vkSj buesa ,dy&Qals gq, ldkjkRed&cks/k vkj,u, gksrs gSaA vkj,u, vuqukn ds fy, estcku dksf'kdk ds
jkbckslkse ls tqM+ tkrk gSA ldkjkRed vFkZ vkj,u, eSlst a j vkj,u, ds :i esa dk;Z dj ldrk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS fd ok;jy
vkj,u, vuqØe dks okafNr ok;jy izksVhu esa lh/ks vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
dksjksukok;jl& uSnkfud vfHkO;fDr;k¡ & euq";ksa esa] ;g vyx&vyx xaHkhjrk ds Åijh 'olu iFk dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
lkekU; lnhZ ls ysdj czkfsa d;ksykbfVl rd ds 'olu laØe.kA fueksfu;k] vka='kks/k vkSj raf=dk laca/kh fodkj Hkh gks ldrs gSaA
vU; y{k.k fljnnZ] BaM yxuk] xys esa [kjk'k vkSj [kkalhA
Å"ek;u vof/k 2 ls 5 fnuksa rd gksrh gS vkSj y{k.kksa dh lhek 3 ls 18 fnuksa rd gksrh gSA
uksosy dksjksukok;jl dk oSf'od izHkko & ;g ,d ^egkekjh* gS tks nqfu;k Hkj esa QSy xbZ gS vkSj vc fdlh fo'ks"k {ks= rd lhfer
ugha gSA dbZ ns'kksa esa bl egkekjh mik;ksa dks ykxq djus lkFk dksfoM rsth ls egkekjh dh fLFkfr esa gSA
13-laof/kZr okLrfodrk D;k gksrh gS \ bl izkS|ksfxdh dks viukus okys {ks= dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\ bl rduhd
dk izHkko vkSj fofo/k vuqiz;ksx fyf[k,A
mRrj & laof/kZr okLrfodrk & ;s okLrfod nqfu;k ds okrkoj.k dk ,d laoknkRed vuqHko gS tgk¡ okLrfod nqfu;k esa jgus okyh oLrqvksa
dks dEI;wVj tfur vo/kkj.kkRed tkudkjh }kjk c<+k;k tkrk gS] dHkh&dHkh n`';] Jo.k] gSfIVd] lkseSVksll as jh vkSj ?kzk.k lfgr dbZ laosnh
rkSj rjhds
mi;ksx & izkÑfrd okrkoj.k ;k fLFkfr;ksa dks c<+kus vkSj vo/kkj.kkRed :i ls le`) vuqHko iznku djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
laof/kZr okLrfodrk izkS|ksfxdh dks viukus okys m|ksx & mRiknu] mi;ksfxrkvks]a nwjlapkj] [kqnjk] LokLF; ns[kHkky] jln
izHkko &
 laof/kZr okLrfodrk ,d fnu ukbV fotu xkWxYl dh txy ys ysxk] D;ksafd ;g rduhd va/ksjs esa lSfudksa dh enn dj ldrh gSA
 ;g gS.MgSYM thih,l dh txg ysxk ftls orZeku eas lSfud viuh fLFkfr dk irk yxkus ds fy, mi;ksx eas ysrs gSA
 ;s ,fil ok;jySl :i ls lSfudksa dh jkbQy ij ,d FkeZy lkbV ls tqM+k gksrk gSA
fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa mi;ksfxrk &
foKkiu & miHkksDrk fcuk fdlh ,si dks baLVkWy fd, lh/ks ,d cSuj foKku esa laof/kZr okLrfodrk ykWUp dj ldrs gSaA xzkgd Mªkbfoax
lhV ij cSBs gq, ckgj dk utkjk ikjn'khZ f[kM+fd;ksa ls ns[k ldrs gSaA
fpfdRlk {ks= esa & laof/kZr okLrfodrk midj.k oSKkfudksa dks tfVy v.kqvksa dh lajpuk dks fpf=r djus esa enn dj ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k
& MªXl MoYilZ
jln & laof/kZr okLrfodrk jln m|ksxksa dks muds lapkyu dbZ Lrjksa ij ykHkkfUror djsxkA 1- xksnke lapkyu dk vuqdy w u 2- ifjogu
dk vuqdy w u 3- mUur ewY; of/kZr lsok,¡A
fofo/k vuqiz;ksx & 1- xwxy Xykl vkSj vU; gsM&vi fMLiys vkWxesVa M s fj;fyVh dks lh/ks Xykl esa Mkyrs gSa bu p'eksa dk mi;ksx nok
ysus okys jksfx;ksa ds fy, vuqLekjd ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2- LuSipSV @baLVkxzke ij fofHkUu fQYVj laof/kZr okLrfodrk dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA
3- vius Qksu ds dSejs dk mi;ksx djds QR dksM dks LdSu djus ls tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA
4- Hkk"kk vuqokn ds {ks= eas iz;ksxA
5- Hkkjh HkhM+ esa vijkf/k;ksa dks igpkuus ds fy,A
-6-
 Unit-III (65 Marks)
Part-A Marks : 10
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 15 words each. Each question carries 2
marks.
1- fl;ky ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \
mRrj & Hkwi`"B dh ijrnkj 'kSyksa ds uhps fl;ky dh ,d ijr ik;h tkrh gS] bl ijr dh jpuk flfydk rFkk ,Y;wfefu;e ls gqbZ gSA
blh dkj.k bl ijr dk fl;ky dgk tkrk gS bldh jpuk xzsukbV pV~Vkuksa ls gqbZ gSA
2- pksfyLrku ds ckjs esa vki D;k tkurs gSa\
mRrj & ;g ikfdLrku ds cgkoyiqj ¼iatkc½ esa fLFkr gSA ;g Fkkj e:LFky dk gh if'peh Hkkx gSA ;gk¡ gdjk unh dk izkphu lw[kk ekxZ
fLFkr gSA
3- nf{k.k Hkkjr ds uD'ks esa xksnkojh] Ñ".kk] dkosjh] rqaxHknzk ufn;ksa dks iznf'kZr dhft,A
mRrj &

4- if'peh fo{kksHk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \

mRrj & if'peh fo{kksHk Hkwe/; js[kk {ks= eas mRiUu gksus okyh og cká m".kdfVca/kh; vka/kh gS] tks Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ds if'peksRrj Hkkxksa
esa vdLekr~ cjlkr ys vkrh gS] ;g cjlkr ekulwu dh cjlkr ls fHkUu gksrh gSA if'peh fo{kksHk pØokr ds :i esa tUe ysrk gSA
5- jktLFkku esa eh.kk tutkfr dh nks tulkaf[;dh fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,A
mRrj & eh.kk tutkfr jktLFkku dh lcls cM+h tutkfr gSA eh.kk tutkfr dh jktLFkku eas lokZf/kd vkcknh t;iqj vkSj blds
vkilkl ds 'ks[kkoVh {ks= esa ikbZ tkrh gSA 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj jktLFkku dh dqy tutkfr; vkcknh dk 47 izfr'kr eh.kk
tutkfr dk lk{kjrk n 52-2 izfr'kr gSA eh.kk tutkfr i<h&tutkfr gS bl dkj.k eh.kk tutkfr dk ljdkjh {ks= esa ;ksxnku Hkh
vf/kd gSA
Part-B Marks : 25
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 50 words each. Each question carries 5
marks.
6- ^vjc&btjkby leL;k jktuhfr de vkSj Hkw&jktuhfrd vf/kd gSA* dFku ds i{k esa rdZ nhft,A
mRrj & vjc&btjk;y leL;k dks fQyhLrhu&btjk;y la?k"kksasZ] vesfjdh gLr{ksi rFkk iSu vjc n`f"Vdks.k ds dkj.k jktuhfrd leL;k
ds :Ik esa ns[kk tkrk gS ijarq ckjhd fo'ys"k.k ds mijkar ge bl leL;k dks ,d Hkw&jktuhfrd leL;k vf/kd ikrs gSaA ftlds fuEu
vk/kkj gSa &
1- vjc&btjk;y leL;k dks if'peh ,f'k;k dh leL;k Hkh dgk tkrk gS tks fd blds Hkw&jktuhfrd Lo:i dk |ksrd gS A
2- vjc&btjk;y la?k"kZ lnSo] osLV cSad] xktk iV~Vh] xksyu gkbV~l tSls Hkw&LFky ppkZ esa jgrs gSaA
3- bl la?k"kZ dk vk/kkj ,d fo'ks"k Hkw&{ks= vFkkZr ;s#'kye ds vkl&ikl ds {ks= esa ;gwnh jk"Vª dk fuekZ.k FkkA
4- vesfjdk bl Hkw&{ks= eas vius izHkko esa o`f) ds y{; dks ysdj bl esa gLr{ksi djrk gS] bl dkj.k bls Hkw&jktuhfrd leL;k ds :i
esa Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
7- Hkwxksy ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ekyok ds iBkj ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nhft,A
mRrj &;g iBkj ykok fufeZr iBkj gS ftlls ;gk¡ dkyh feV~Vh dk dVk&QVk eSnku foLr`r gS] bl iBkj ij csrok] ikoZrh] dkyhfla/k
rFkk pacy ufn;k¡ izokfgr gksrh gS tks vkxs ;equk ls fey tkrh gSA bl iBkj ij mfeZy eSnku feyrs gSaA ekyok dk iBkj e/;izn's k ds
yxHkx ,d frgkbZ Hkkx ij foLr`r gSA igkM+ ds mRrjh Hkkx dks pEcy o bldh lgk;d ufn;ksa us chgM+ ds :i esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k
gSA
8- Hkkjr ds Hkw&vkÑfrd foHkktu dk o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj &
Hkkjr dk Hkw&vkÑfrd foHkktu
fgeky; izns'k mRrjh fo'kky eSnku izk;}hih; iBkj rVh; izns'k }hi izns'k
1- Vªkal fgeky; 1- xaxk&;equk eSnku 1- vjkoyh 1- if'peh rV 1- v.Meku fudksckj
2- egku fgeky; 2- czãkiq= eSnku 2- foU/;kpay 2- iwohZ rV 2- y{k}hi
3- f'kokfyd 3- fla/kq&lryqr eSnku 3- ekyok iBkj
4- e/; fgeky; 4- jktLFkku eSnku 4- c?ksy[k.M
5- iwoksZRr fgeky; 5-NksVk ukxiqj
6- es?kky; iBkj
7- nDdu iBkj
8- NRrhlx<+ iBkj
9- if'peh ?kkV
10- iwohZ ?kkV
-7-
9- tyks<+ eSnku ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrs gq, fo'o ds pkj tyks<+ eSnkuksa ds uke fyf[k,A
mRrj & tyks<+ eSnkuksa dk fuekZ.k ufn;ksa }kjk yk, x, tyks<+kas ds teko ls gksrk gSA ;s foLr`r {ks=ksa esa QSys mitkÅ eSnku gksrs gS rFkk bu ij
tula[;k dk l?ku clko gksrk gSa fo'o ds vf/kdrj eSnku blh izdkj ds gSaA
fo'o ds pkj tyks<+ eSnkuksa ds uke &
1- ;kaXRlhD;kax dk eSnku 2- uhy unh dk eSnku 3- felhflih dk eSnku 4- MsU;wc dk eSnku
10- jktLFkku oU; tho o tSo fofo/krk dks tks pqukSfr;k¡ fey jgh gSA mudh jksdFkke ds fy, gks jgs iz;klksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
mRrj & 1- jktLFkku fof'k"V i'kq vuqj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1953
2- taxyh i'kq ,oa if{k;ksa dh vuqlwph 1957
3- jktLFkku taxyh i'kq ,oa i{kh laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1958
4- jktLFkku vH;kj.; izo's k fu;e 1958
5- taxyh i'kq ,oa if{k;ksa dh vk[ksV can vof/k vuqlwph 1985
6- orZeku esa oU; tho laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1972 gh ykxq gSA
7- jktLFkku taxyh i'kq ,oa i{kh lja{k.k vf/kfu;e 1951
8- ou ¼vk[ksV] eNyh idM+uk vkSj ty ØhM+k½ fu;e 1957
Part-C Marks : 40
Note:- Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 100 words each. Each question carries 10 marks.
11- Tokykeq[kh ds izdkj] oSf'od forj.k ,oa muds izHkkoksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj & Tokykeqf[k;kas ds izdkj
1- lfØ;rk ds vk/kkj ij %&
v- lfØ; Tokykeq[kh & ftuds eq[k ls lnSo] /kwy] /kqvk¡] ok"i] xSl]sa jk[k] pV~Vku[k.M] ykok vkfn inkFkZ ckgj fudyrs jgrs gSaA
c- izlqIr Tokykeq[kh & ,sls Tokykeq[kh ftlesa fudV vrhr esa mn~xkj ugha gqvk gS ijUrq dHkh Hkh mn~xkj gks ldrk gSA
l- 'kkar Tokykeq[kh & ,sls Tokykeq[kh ftuesa gtkjksa lkyksa ls dksbZ mn~xkj ugha gqvk gS vkSj Hkfo"; eas iqu% mn~xkj gksus dh lEHkkouk ugha gSA
2- mn~xkj ds vuqlkj %&
v- njkjh mn~Hksnu c- dsUnzh; mn~Hksnu
fo'o forj.k %& 1- ifjiz'kkar egklkxjh; es[kyk 2- e/; egk}hih; es[kyk 3- e/; vVykafVd es[kyk
4- varjk IysV Tokykeq[kh
Tokykeq[kh ds izHkko %&
ldkjkRed & Tokykeq[kh fØ;kvkas ds nkSjku Hkw&xHkZ esa rki ,oa nkch; fLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k dbZ ewY;oku iRFkjksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA xslj vkSj Nqvkjsa ls
LokLF; ds fy, ykHknk;d [kfut inkFkksaZ ds ik, tkus ds dkj.k fpfdRlk dh n`f"V ls ykHknk;d gSA
udkjkRed & r`Ir ykok }kjk ekuo rFkk tkuojksa ds thou dh {kfr gksrh gS ,oa blls Ñf"k Hkwfe rFkk taxyks dk fouk'k gksrk gSA
12- Hkkjr dh tyok;q dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj & fdlh HkkSxksfyd {ks= dh nSfud ok;qe.Myh; n'kkvksa dks ekSle dgrs gSaA fdlh {ks= ;k izns'k dh yEch vof/k dh izpfyr ekSleh n'kkvksa ds
vkSlr dks tyok;q dgrs gSaA
1- o"kkZ dk vleku forj.k 10 lseh tSlyesj] 1400 lseh psjkiwt a h 2- o"kkZ dh vfuf'prrk 3- ekulwuh tyok;q
4- o"kkZ dh vfu;ferrk 5- ekulwu xSi 6- mPp rkieku 7- /kjkryh; o"kkZ 8- 'khr _rq esa de o"kkZ
9- Ñf"k ekulwu ij fuHkZj 10- ck<+ ,oa lw[kk dh fujarj fLFkfr
ns'k ds i;kZIr foLrkj ;k mPpkop o izk;}hih; vofLFkfr ds dkj.k tyok;q esa dkQh fofo/krk feyrh gSA
13- ;wusLdks dh Hkw&ikdZ ,oa Hkw&/kjksgj LFky ladYiuk dks Li"V dhft, vkSj jktLFkku esa bldh laHkkoukvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj &7 uoEcj 2015 dks ;wusLdks ds 195 lnL; jkT;ksa us laxBu ds 38 osa vke lEesyu ds nkSjku ,d u, ysoy] ;wusLdkss oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ ds fuekZ.k
dh iqf"V dhA ;wusLdks oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ ,dy] ,dhÑr HkkSxksfyd {ks= gS tgk¡ varjkZ"Vªh; HkwoSKkfud egRo ds LFkyksa vkSj ifjn`';ks dks laj{k.k] f'k{kk
vkSj lrr fodkl dh lexz vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk izcfa /kr fd;k tkrk gSaA
;wusLdks oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ ,oa Hkw&/kjksgj LFkyksa dks fodflr djus dh dk;Zi.z kkyh %& ;wusLdks oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ dh LFkkiuk ,d ckWVe&vi izfØ;k ds
ek/;e ls dh tkrh gSa ftlls {ks= ds lHkh izklafxd LFkkuh; vkSj {ks=h; fgr/kkjdksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa vkfn dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k ds
fy, LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa }kjk n`<+ izfrc)rk] nh?kZdkfyd lkoZtfud vkSj jktuhfrd leFkZuy ds lkFk ,d etcwr LFkkuh; cgqvk;keh lk>snkjh vkSj ,d
O;kid j.kuhfr ds fodkl dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Hkw&ikdZ ,oa Hkw&/kjksgj dh ekSfyd fo'ks"krk,a
;wusLdks oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ cuus ds fy, fdlh {ks= ds fy, lVhd ekun.M ;wusLdks oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ ds lapkyu laca/kh fn'kk funs'Z kksa esa fu/kkZfjr fd, x,
gSaA ;wusLdks oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ ds fy, ewyHkwr pkj fo'ks"krk,a fuEukuqlkj gS%&
1- varjkZ"Vªh; ewY; dh HkwoS/kkfud fojklr gksuh pkfg,A
2- ft;ksikdZl dk izc/a ku jk"Vªh; dkuwu ds rgr ekU;rk izkIr laLFkk }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
3- ft;ksikdZl eq[; :i ls Hkw&i;ZVu ds ek/;e ls vkfFkZd fodkl dks c<+kok nsrs gSaA
4- oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ usVodZ vkSj ;wusLdks oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ ds {ks=h; usVodZ ds ek/;e ls vU; ;wusLdks oSf'od Hkw&ikdZ ds lkFk lg;ksx djus ds ckjs esa
Hkh gSA
jktLFkku esa Hkw&ikdZ ,oa Hkw&/kjksgj LFky vkSj lEHkkouk,a
ft;ksykWftdy losZ vkWQ bf.M;k }kjk jktLFkku dh ckjg lkbV~l dks ft;ksgfs jVst lkbV ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS &
1- tkoj & mn;iqj 2- jkex<+ ØsVj & ckajk 3- vkdy QkWfly oqM ikdZ & tSlyesj 4- ekykuh vkXus; pV~Vkusa & tks/kiqj
5- osYMsM VQ & tks/kiqj 6- LVªksekVwykbV ikdZ & >kejdksVM+k mn;iqj 7- LVªksekVwykbV ikdZ & HkkSt.q Mk fpRrkSM+x<+
8- xzsV ckm.Mªh QkYV & lkrwj cwanh 9- xkslk.k ] jktiqjk njhck & jktlean 10- lS.Mªk xzsukbV & ikyh 11- ckj dkaXyksesjsV & ikyh
12- usQsykbu lkbukbV & fd'kux<+] vtesj
bl izdkj jktLFkku esa vusd Hkw&ikdZ ,oa Hkw&/kjksgj LFky fo|eku gSaA buds ek/;e ls ft;ks&VwfjTe uked ,d uohu izdkj ds i;ZVu dks c<+kok nsus
ds iz;kl fd, tk jgs gSaA mijksDr esa ls dqN dks ;wusLdks us Hkh ft;ks&gsfjVst lkbV~l ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA bu Hkw&fojklr LFkyksa dk lao/kZu]
lja{k.k o fodkl vko';d gSA ftuls budk ewy Lo:i dk;e jg lds rFkk vkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ budh tkudkjh ln`'k :i eas izkIr dj lds o buds
egRo dks lkdkj :i esa le> ldsA -8-