Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF NEWBORN
B Y : MA DA M ROHIMA H B T ISMA IL
PPSK , UNISZA
LEARNING OUTCOME
•Demonstrate the physical assessment of
newborn
•Describe the care of normal/healthy of
newborn
• Clinical assesment
❑ Physical examination for newborn baby.
❑ Essential newborn care begins with a
thorough general clinical assessment.
❑ Hand hygiene and keep warm.
❑ Baby should be naked in a warm and safe
CLINICAL environment.
ASSESSMENT ❑ Good light.
❑ Performed orderly from crown to heel
HEALTHY NEWBORN
General appearance
• General feature.
✓Well-flexed posture.
✓Alertness.
✓Spontaneous activity.
✓Newborn reflexes.
Reflexes help identify normal
brain and nerve activity
SKIN
Cephalohematoma
• •a collection of blood between the periosteum and bone of the skull that it
covers.
• •either unilateral or bilateral and does not cross the suture line.
• •disappearance may take as long as 3 weeks.
• 2. examine the infant with palpate the vault of skull.
• 3. check the anterior and posterior fontanelle, and sutures.
• •to understand the status of health of the newborn and development of the
brain.
ANTERIOR SUTURE
Normal finding:
• at the level with cranial bones.
• abnormal:
• -bulging – if newborn cries, cough or vomit.
• •bulging mean increase intracranial pressure (icp)
• •sunken mean dehydration.
• •large fontanelle / delayed closure (down syndrome, syphilis)
• •early closure - abnormal brain development due to chromosomal
anomalies, fetal hypoxia or fetal alcohol syndrome
Down
Syndrome
Baby
POSTERIOR SUTURE
• Abnormal finding:
• •delayed closure
• •may indicate
HYDROCEPHALY
FACE – EYE, NOSE & MOUTH
Face – eye, nose & mouth
• general observation of the face
• •facial movements should be symmetry.
• Eye
• •placement, space between for symmetry
• •blinking reflex,
• •open spontaneously
• •vision
✓myopia – best length of 8- 12 inches.
✓visual tracking – 10 second.
✓equality, pupil size
EAR
• •nasal patency
• •flaring of nose – fetal distress.
Mouth
• •can be open easily by gentle pressing against the angle of the jaw.
• •to allow visual inspection of tongue, gums and palate.
• •palate: high arched, intact.
• •uvula: central
• •sucking reflex: sucking the nurse finger.
CHEST & ABDOMEN
• Observation;
• •Respiratory movement
• •chest and abdominal movements
• •chest - the space between the nipples should be noted.
• •Abdomen
• •shape – rounded
• •scaphoid (boat-shaped) abdomen
• •any protrusion, particularly at the base of the umbilical cord.
•UMBILICAL CORD
• •symmetry
• •length and movement of the limbs
• •extra digit.
• •counting the digits.
• •separate the digits- to ensure webbing not present.
• •the hands must open fully - to ensure no extra digit.
Feet
Vitamin k
• prophylaxis against bleeding disorders
PREVENTION OF INFECTION
• 1. hand washing before touching the baby
• 2. using their own equipment for the baby and don't share
• 3. reduce the number of people handling the baby
• 4. people with infection don't handle the baby
• 5. cleaning the baby by giving regular bath
• 6. cleaning the eyes if there is any discharge
• 7. keep the umbilical cord clean
PREVENTION OF INJURY
• handle baby gently
• used baby basinet to prevent baby from fall
• always pull up baby cot after procedure
• ensure mother always stay with baby
• At home
• Parent always assist to keep an eye to prevent any unexpected injury
to the baby
KEEP BABY SAFE
• always check baby tag similar
with mother tag
• ensure nurse always in nursery
• At home
• baby should not be left
unattended