Engineering Mathematics I

University of Mosul
College of Engineering\ Computer Dept.
Second Class

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS I Dr.Sura Nawfal

 Engineering Mathematics I

DEGREE CALCULATION
Quizzes 10
H.Ws / Attendance 5
Mid. term exam 25
class works extra marks

40%
Final exam 60%
 Engineering Mathematics I

TEXT BOOKS
[1] G. B. Thomas, E. Transcendentals, M. D. Weir, J.
Hass, and C. Heil, Calculus, 13th ed. 2014.

[2] E. Kreyszig, Advance

Engineering Mathematics, 10
th. 2011.
 Engineering Mathematics I

SYLLABUS HEADLINES
Partial Derivatives ( Thomas, Chapter 14 p.793 )
Function of several variables
Limits and Continuity in higher dimensions.
Partial Derivatives.
The Chain Rule.
Extreme Values and Saddle Points.
Partial Derivatives with Constrained Variables.
Multiple integral (Thomas, Chapter 15 p.882).
Double Integral.
Triple Integral.
Applications.
 Engineering Mathematics I

SYLLABUS HEADLINES
Fourier Analysis ( Kreyszic chapter 11, p.473).
Trigonometric form of Fourier Series
Odd and Even Functions
Half Wave Symmetry.
Line Spectrum (harmonic) the Fourier Series.
Complex Exponential form of the Fourier Series.
Vector analysis (Thomas, Chapter 12, p.704), (Kreyszic Chapter 7,8 p.255).
Introduction to Vectors.
Vector functions: lines, planes, fields
Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
 Applications.
 Engineering Mathematics I

FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

REVIEW
𝑦
So far we have dealt with the calculus of
functions of a single variable, 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).
But, in the real world, physical quantities often 𝑥
depend on two or more variables,

so in this chapter, we turn our attention to

𝑧
functions of several variables and extend the
basic ideas of differential calculus to such
functions.
𝑥
𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦). Function of two variables.
𝑤 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). Function of three variables. 𝑦
 Engineering Mathematics I

FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

 Engineering Mathematics I

FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES

If ƒ is a function of two independent variables, we usually call the independent
variables x and y and the dependent variable z, and we picture the domain of ƒ as
a region in the xy-plane. 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦).
In applications, we tend to use letters that remind us of what the variables stand for.
To say that the volume of a right circular cylinder is a function of its radius and
height,
V = ƒ(r, h)
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ.
 Engineering Mathematics I

FUNCTIONS OF THREE VARIABLES

If ƒ is a function of three independent variables, we call the independent variables x,
y, and z and the dependent variable w, and we picture the domain as a region in
space.
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FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

 Engineering Mathematics I

DOMAINS AND RANGES

In defining a function of more than one variable, we follow the usual practice of
excluding inputs that lead to complex numbers or division by zero.
1
𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = , xy cant be 0.
𝑥𝑦

Domain function (DF) is assumed to be the input set (x,y) for which the defining rule
generates real numbers.
Range Function (RF) consists of the set of output values (z) for the dependent variable.
Ex. Obtain the DF and RF of the following:
1 𝐷𝐹 𝑥𝑦 ≠ 0 RF − ∞ < 𝑧 < ∞
1. 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦

2. 𝑧 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝐷𝐹 𝑦 ≥ 𝑥 2 𝑅𝐹 0<𝑧<∞

1
3. 𝑤 = 𝑥2 +𝑦2 +𝑧 2 𝐷𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ≠ 0 𝐹𝑅 0 < 𝑤 < ∞
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY

REVIEW ( limits of one variable functions ) :

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)

𝐿 𝐿
Limit does not exist (DNE)
𝐾
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥=𝑐 𝑥=𝑐
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

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LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

Engineering Mathematics I
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
Example 3 P.808 (Q.14) lim
(𝑥,𝑦)→(1,1) 𝑥−𝑦
(𝑥−𝑦)(𝑥+𝑦)
= lim
(𝑥,𝑦)→(1,1) 𝑥−𝑦

= lim (𝑥 + 𝑦)
(𝑥,𝑦)→(1,1)

= 1+1
= 2
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

𝑥
Example 4 P.808 Q.41 Find lim if it exists.
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

𝑥
Example 4 P.808 Q.41 Find lim if it exists.
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
0 0
Direct substitution does not work! =0
02 +02
∴ Two path test

Along x-axis (y=0) Along y-axis (x=0) Along y=x

𝑥 0 0 𝑥 𝑥 1
lim =lim 1 = 1 lim =0 ×! lim = =
𝑥→0 𝑥 2 +0 𝑥→0 𝑦→0 0+𝑦 2 𝑥→0 𝑥 2 +𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 2

We need another path

∵ 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (0,0)
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 (𝐷𝑁𝐸)
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

𝑥4
Example 5 P.808 Q.42 Find lim 𝑥 4 +𝑦 2 if it exists.
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0)
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

Limits with 3 variables
Example 5 P.808 (Q.29) lim 𝑧𝑒 −2𝑦 cos 2𝑥
𝑝→(𝜋,0,3)
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LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

Limits with 3 variables
Example 6 P.808 (Q.27) lim (sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑦 + sec 2 𝑧)
𝑝→(𝜋,𝜋,0)
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

Hopital’s rule
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LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

Continuity
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LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

Continuity
P.808 (Q.32 b)
𝑦
Discuss the continuity of 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +1 at the point (1,1)
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

Continuity
P.808 (Q.32 a)
𝑥+𝑦
Show that the 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥−𝑦 is not continuous at the origin (0,0)
 Engineering Mathematics I

LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

Continuity
P.806
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LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

P.806
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LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

H.W 1
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LIMITS AND CONTINUITY IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

H.W 2
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative P.810

Partial Derivatives are what we get when we hold all but one of
the independent variables of a function constant and differentiate
with respect to that one variable.

• let a surface z=f(x,y),

• the vertical plane y = y0 will cut the
surface z in the curve z = ƒ(x, y0)
• The horizontal coordinate in this plane
is x; the vertical coordinate is z. The y-
value is held constant at y0, so y is not
a variable.
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
• To distinguish partial derivatives from ordinary derivatives we
use the symbol 𝝏 rather than the d previously used. In the
definition, h represents a real number, positive or negative.

𝜕𝑓
The partial derivative 𝑎𝑡 𝑥0 , 𝑦0 gives the rate of change of ƒ
𝜕𝑥
with respect to x when y is held fixed at the value y0.
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
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Partial derivative
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Partial derivative
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Partial derivative
𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
1. 𝜕𝑥 2
= 𝑓𝑥𝑥 = 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
2. 𝜕𝑦 2 = 𝑓𝑦𝑦 = (
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
)
𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
3. 𝜕𝑧 2
= 𝑓𝑧𝑧 = 𝜕𝑧 (𝜕𝑧 )
𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
4. 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
= 𝑓𝑦𝑥 = ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
⟹ (𝑓𝑦 )𝑥
𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
5. 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥
= 𝑓𝑥𝑦 = ( )
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
⟹ (𝑓𝑥 )𝑦
 Engineering Mathematics I

Partial derivative
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Partial derivative
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Partial derivative
• H.W
• Solve 3 questions sec. 14.3 , P. 819
 Engineering Mathematics I

Chain Rule P.821

𝑤 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑦=𝑦 𝑡
𝑧 = 𝑧(𝑡)
 Engineering Mathematics I

Chain Rule
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Chain Rule
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Chain Rule
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Chain Rule
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Chain Rule
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Chain Rule
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Extreme Values and Saddle Points P.848

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

> 0 ⟹ max 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑥𝑥 < 0 ⟹ 𝑚𝑎𝑥

=H < 0 ⟹ 𝑆𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑥𝑥 > 0 ⟹ 𝑚𝑖𝑛

= 0 ⟹ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

𝑓𝑥𝑥 = 2 , 𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 2, 𝑓𝑥𝑦 = 0

= 2 2 − (0)2 = 4 > 0 max 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛? ?

∵ 𝑓𝑥𝑥 > 0 ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 0,2 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑖𝑛.

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

𝑓 0,2 = (0)2 +(2)2 −4 2 + 9

=5
 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

• 𝑓𝑥 = 0 − 2𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 0
• 𝑓𝑦 = 2𝑦 − 0 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦 = 0 ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (0,0)
𝑓𝑥𝑥 = −2 , 𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 2, 𝑓𝑥𝑦 = 0

= −2 2 − (0)2 = −4 < 0

∴ 𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 max 𝑛𝑜𝑟 min, 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑆𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

∗2 𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
−4𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 4 = 0
−3𝑦 − 6 = 0
𝑦 = −2

max 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛? ?
 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

∴𝑥=𝑦
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Extreme Values and Saddle Points

𝐻 = 72 0 − 1 = −72 𝐻 = 72 2 − 1 = 72
𝐻<0 𝐻>0
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 0,0 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 max 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛
∵ 𝑓𝑥𝑥 = −6 < 0 ∴ 𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 max 𝑎𝑡 (2,2)
𝑓(2,2) = 3(2)2 − 2(2)3 − 3(2)2 + 6(2)(2)
= 3 ∗ 4 − 2 ∗ 8 − 3 ∗ 4 + 6*4
= 12 − 16 − 12 +24 = 8
 Engineering Mathematics I

Extreme Values and Saddle Points

1 1
2𝑥 2 = 1 ⟹ 𝑥 2 =2 ⟹ 𝑥 = ± 2

1
𝑦=±
2
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Extreme Values and Saddle Points

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Extreme Values and Saddle Points

Max.
Min.
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Extreme Values and Saddle Points

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H. W

Find dw/dt ?