UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES CEBU

College of Science
Department of Biology and Environmental Science
Intermediate Physics 1 Laboratory
Physics 81.1

Name of Student/s: Ayuda, Diana Rose Score: __________

Brillos, Christian
Caritero, Khing Ian Keith
Duterte, Warren Joseph
Gonzales, Lorenzo
Lumbab, Jezreel Chad
Jimenez, Jimuel
Vitorillo, Aera Gabrelle

Experiment 3: Two-Dimensional Motion

Procedure and Results

Part 1: Projectile Launched Horizontally

Trials ∆y (±0.25 ∆x (±0.25 t 𝒗0

meters) meters)

1 0.425 0.91 0.2945 3.089983022

2 0.425 0.93 0.2945 3.140916808

3 0.425 0.91 0.2945 3.081494058

4 0.425 0.94 0.2945 3.174872666

5 0.425 0.93 0.2945 3.157894737

6 0.425 0.93 0.2945 3.140916808

7 0.425 0.93 0.2945 3.166383701

8 0.425 0.94 0.2945 3.174872666

Average 3.140916808
Part 2: Projectile Launched at an Angle

θ0 𝒗0 T H Robs Rcomp Percent

difference

150 3.140916808 0.166 3.238 1.25 0.503 84.84%

200 3.140916808 0.219 5.655 1.32 0.647 68.59%

300 3.140916808 0.321 12.085 1.43 0.872 48.34%

450 3.140916808 0.453 24.170 1.39 1.007 32.16%

500 3.140916808 0.491 28.367 1.27 0.991 24.95%

600 3.140916808 0.555 36.255 1.08 0.872 20.88%

750 3.140916808 0.619 45.102 0.54 0.503 7.03%

800 3.140916808 0.631 46.883 0.35 0.344 1.93%

Part 3: Projectile Simulator

Question A: In the simulation, the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity vector are
shown. Explain the physical meaning of these two velocity vector components as the projectile moves
along its trajectory.

As the simulation progresses, it is observed that the horizontal component of the velocity vector
remains constant in length and direction. This displays that the horizontal component does not change
as the ball traverses its parabolic path. This might be the case as there are no horizontal forces acting
on the ball (assuming that air resistance is neglected), which allows the horizontal component to
remain as it is. On the other hand, it is apparent that the vertical component of the velocity vector
changes as the ball traverses in the simulation. In the simulation, the vertical component was shown to
be pointing upward and getting smaller as it reached its maximum height. Once it reached its
maximum height, it suddenly pointed down and got bigger. This behavior of the vertical component
might be attributed to the only vertical force acting on the ball, which is gravity (again, assuming that
air resistance is neglected). The upward motion of the ball was due to it being launched upwards. As
the ball traverses, its magnitude decreases since the vertical component of the velocity vector and the
gravitational acceleration are pointing in opposite directions, which causes it to decelerate. When the
ball reaches its maximum height, the gravitational force begins to take over the launching force, which
causes the ball to change direction and accelerate.

Question B: What is the physical meaning of the acceleration vector in the simulation?

In the simulation, it is visible that the acceleration vector remains constant in its size and points
downwards throughout the simulation.

Question C: Compute the total time of flight, maximum height, and range with the given 𝒗0 = 60 m/s,
θ0 = 45 degrees, and 𝑔 = 9.8 m/s2 using equations (8), (9), and (10), respectively. Are the computed
results consistent with the simulation data? Explain your answer.
Note: You can press the “pause” button and select the specific time when the projectile is
approximately at its maximum height.

The total time of flight is computed to be 8.66 s. The maximum height of the projectile is calculated to
be 91.84 m. Lastly, the range of the projectile is determined to be 367.35 m based on the calculations.
These values are observed to be consistent, if not exact, with the simulation values, with the total time
of flight, maximum height, and range being 8.66 s, 91.84 m, and 367.35 m respectively. This may be
because the simulation made use of the provided equations for the projectile’s total time of flight,
maximum height, and range, which allows the simulation to simulate the motion of the projectile in the
first place, hence the calculated and simulated values are exactly the same.

Question D: Using the computed values in Question C for total time of flight, maximum height, and
range given 𝒗0 = 60 m/s, θ0 = 45 degrees, and 𝑔 = 9.8 m/s2, compare these results with the simulation
data after changing the height to 60 m. Explain your answer.

After changing the height to 60 m, the total time of flight is observed to be 9.90 s, which is greater
than the calculated time in Question C. This might imply that the total time of flight increases as you
increase the initial height of the projectile. As for the maximum height, it is estimated to be around 151
m, which is greater than the computed value in Question C. This shows that the maximum height of
the projectile increases as you increase the initial height of the projectile. Lastly, the range of the
projectile is seen to be 419.85 m in the simulation, which is greater than the calculated result in
Question C. This indicates that as you increase the initial height of the projectile, the range of the
projectile increases as well.

Guide Questions
1) In a coordinate plane, sketch and label the trajectory of the projectile for the following angles of
projection: 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750.
 Legend: Red = 15°, Black = 30°, Blue = 45°, Green = 60°, Violet = 75°

Graph 1. Projectile Trajectories at Different Angles

2) Explain the effect of changing the angle of projection on the magnitude of the range, maximum
height, and time of flight.

Range: The range increases as the angle of projection increases, given that the angle is between 0° to
45°. When the angle reaches 45°, as the angle increases, the magnitude of the range decreases.
Maximum Height: The maximum height of the projectile increases as the angle of projection
increases.
Time of Flight: The time of flight of the projectile increases as the angle of projection increases.

Calculations
Please show relevant calculations below or on a separate sheet.

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Fw85Xnlxde4O5CAiDm4KCjeRszFUImklLG2udtrHXZQ/edi
t#gid=0