The Norwegianization of the Sami people refers to a historical process in which the

indigenous Sami population of Norway was subjected to cultural assimilation and forced
integration into the dominant Norwegian society. This process occurred primarily during the
19th and early 20th centuries and was driven by state policies aimed at homogenizing the
Norwegian nation and suppressing minority cultures.

1. Historical Context: The Norwegianization of the Sami people took place within the
broader context of European colonialism and the nation-building efforts of
Scandinavian states. As Norway sought to assert its sovereignty and consolidate its
national identity in the 19th century, policies were implemented to assimilate minority
groups, including the Sami, into the dominant culture.
2. Cultural Suppression: One of the primary tactics employed in the Norwegianization
process was the suppression of Sami language, culture, and traditions. Sami languages
were banned in schools, and children were often punished for speaking their native
tongue. Traditional Sami practices such as reindeer herding and shamanism were
denigrated and discouraged.
3. Forced Assimilation: The Norwegian government also implemented policies aimed at
forcibly assimilating the Sami population into mainstream Norwegian society. This
included efforts to settle nomadic Sami communities, encourage intermarriage with
ethnic Norwegians, and discourage Sami cultural expressions.
4. Education and Religion: Education played a significant role in the Norwegianization
process, with the establishment of state-run schools designed to indoctrinate Sami
children into Norwegian culture and values. Additionally, the Christianization of the
Sami population was promoted, with missionaries actively working to convert the
indigenous people to Christianity.
5. Resistance and Resilience: Despite these efforts, the Sami people demonstrated
resilience and resistance against Norwegianization. Sami activists and organizations
emerged to advocate for the preservation of their language, culture, and rights. In the
late 20th century, there was a resurgence of Sami pride and identity, leading to greater
recognition of Sami rights and autonomy within Norway.
6. Contemporary Reconciliation Efforts: In recent decades, Norway has taken steps to
acknowledge and address the injustices inflicted upon the Sami people during the
Norwegianization era. This includes the establishment of Sami parliaments and
cultural institutions, as well as initiatives to revitalize and promote Sami language and
culture.

In conclusion, the Norwegianization of the Sami people represents a dark chapter in Norway's
history, characterized by cultural oppression and forced assimilation. However, it also serves
as a testament to the resilience of the Sami people and their ongoing struggle for recognition,
rights, and cultural preservation.