UNIVERSITY OF ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES,

SUNYANI SCHOOL OF ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

TOPIC: DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL FACILITY INCLUDING ENERGY
MONITORING, ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES

GROUP MEMBERS:

INTRODUCTION

Energy management systems in buildings play key roles in energy saving and management to
which an efficient energy management system in buildings design contributes(Al-Ghaili et
al., 2021). Different scope-based designs of EMS are review of the rising cost and demand
for energy and have prompted the need to devise innovative methods for energy monitoring,
control, and conservation. In addition, statistics show that 20% of energy losses are due to the
mismanagement of energy(Hossain et al., 2023). Therefore, the utilization of energy
management can make a contribution to reducee the unnecessary usage of energy
consumption. In line with that, the intelligent control and optimization of energy management
systems integrated with renewable energy resources and energy storage systems are required
to increase building energy efficiency while considering the reduction in the cost of energy
bills, dependability of the grid, and mitigating carbon emissions. Therefore, management of
energy in commercial buildings contributes to the improvement of energy efficiency using
both active and passive solutions, which could lead to net-zero energy buildings.

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Commercial buildings are major consumers of energy, accounting for a significant portion of
total energy usage worldwide . Inefficient energy management in these facilities leads to
excessive energy consumption, higher operational costs and increased carbon emissions
contributing to environmental degradation and climate change.
With the population on the rise, global economic growth is flourishing, resulting in a surge in
electricity requirements. Projections suggest that the future will witness a significant increase
in the demand for electricity. Current data reveals that fossil fuels contribute to approximately
44% of the world's energy consumption(Aliero et al., 2021). In addition, the building sector is
recognized as the largest consumer of energy compared to other industries, resulting in a
significant amount of energy being wasted due to inadequate management and ineffective
implementation of strategies. Currently, global energy consumption is increasing at a rate of
2.9%, and this growth is projected to accelerate in the near future. It is worth noting that
Asian regions now surpass the United States in electricity consumption, primarily driven by
the economic growth trends observed in developing countries. Approximately 40% of the
world's energy consumption can be attributed to buildings(Yelisetti et al., 2020). These
buildings also contribute to one third of all greenhouse gas emissions, and their energy losses
range from 2% to 20% due to irresponsible consumer behavior and the use of inefficient
appliances(Hassan et al., 2020).

In Malaysia, buildings account for 14.3% of the overall energy consumption, and a significant
proportion of the population, around 80% to 90%, spends the majority of their time
indoors(Hameed et al., 2016). Cooling and lighting loads contribute significantly to the
energy consumption in these buildings. The majority of electricity generation, over 94%,
relies on the combustion of fossil fuels. Consequently, Malaysia has experienced a 221%
increase in carbon dioxide emissions, ranking it 26th among the top 30 greenhouse gas
emitters globally(Hassan et al., 2020).

In the United States, buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of the country's total
energy consumption(Khamphanchai et al., 2014). Similarly, in Europe, residential and
commercial buildings account for nearly 40% of energy usage(Balaras et al., 2007). In
France, buildings consumed 284 TWh of electricity in 2007, representing 65% of the
country's total electricity consumption This resulted in the emission of 404 million tons of
CO2, accounting for 22.6% of the total emissions(Hannan et al., 2020). As global
temperatures rise and climate change becomes more pronounced, the heating demand for
residential buildings worldwide is projected to decrease by 34% by the year 2100. However,
the demand for cooling is expected to increase by 72% during the same period(Hannan et al.,
2020).

The industrial revolution has given rise to significant energy demands and, consequently, a
range of new challenges. This situation has prompted the need for more efficient control
approaches that optimize resource usage. In this context, the building sector holds immense
potential for reducing energy demand through the implementation of intelligent energy
management systems (IEMS) and the concept of the internet of energy (IoE)(Zualkernan et
al., 2017). The IoE combines elements of a smart grid and the internet of things (IoT),
enabling real-time monitoring and control of systems through cloud computing or other
internet services(Hannan et al., 2020). Research has demonstrated that implementing IoE-
based building energy management systems (BEMS) can greatly enhance the efficiency of
energy utilization in buildings(Hannan et al., 2020).

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Commercial facilities consume large amounts of energy, leading to high operational costs and
environmental impact. However, many lack efficient energy management systems to monitor,
analyze, and optimize energy usage. This results in inefficiencies, excessive energy
consumption, and higher costs. To address this, there is a need to develop an integrated EMS
that can effectively monitor energy usage and also analyze historical data to identify pattern
and trends and implement optimization strategies to reduce energy consumption and costs.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

• To discover what suitable strategies/ techniques to apply for EMS-in-Buildings to

achieve high performance in term of energy-saving for a better energy management.
• To analyze historical energy data to identify patterns and trends.
• To develop optimization strategies to reduce energy reduce consumption and costs.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• What are the key components of an effective Energy management system for
commercial facilities

• What data analysis techniques are suitable for identifying energy usage patterns or
trends?
• What are the best practices for developing energy optimization strategies.
 METHODLOGY

The following is the methodology proposed for the project and will be refined base on the
data we will be able to collect.

1. Data Collection:

- Collect historical energy data from commercial facilities, including energy consumption,
equipment usage, and other relevant parameters.

- Gather additional data on building characteristics, occupancy patterns, weather conditions,

and any other factors that may impact energy usage.

- Ensure the data is accurate, reliable, and representative of the target commercial facilities.

2. Data Analysis:

- Apply suitable data analysis techniques to identify energy usage patterns and trends.

- Utilize time series analysis to understand year-on-year changes, cyclical patterns, and
daily/weekly profiles of energy consumption.

- Consider advanced analytics techniques, such as predictive modeling, to uncover hidden

patterns and anomalies in the data.

3. Energy Management System Development:

- Design and develop an effective Energy Management System (EMS) for commercial
facilities.

- Utilize the concept of the Internet of Energy (IoE) to integrate smart grid features and
Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities into the EMS.

- Implement suitable strategies and techniques to achieve high performance in terms of

energy-saving and better energy management.

4. Optimization Strategy Development:

- Analyze the historical energy data and insights gained from data analysis to identify
areas for energy optimization.

- Develop optimization strategies tailored to the specific commercial facilities,

considering factors such as equipment upgrades, process optimization, energy-efficient
technologies, and insulation improvements.

- Implement real-time energy monitoring and data analytics tools to track energy
consumption, identify areas for improvement, and make data-driven decisions.

5. Evaluation and Validation:

- Evaluate the effectiveness of the developed EMS and optimization strategies by

comparing energy consumption before and after implementation.

- Monitor and analyze energy usage patterns, cost savings, and other relevant metrics to
assess the performance of the system.

- Validate the results through statistical analysis and benchmarking against industry
standards or best practices.

REFERENCES

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