Presented By : Group 5

Regional Geology
of the Philippines
 Meet the Group

Kervin Zerna Christine Joy Nicdao James Cedrick Carreon

Meet the Group

Jhon Derrick Manuel Jello Lara

CONTENTS:
How did the Philippines Form?
Geologic History of the Philippines
Geographic Location of the Philippines
Geologic Features Scattered Throughout the Country
Philippine Rock Distribution
Philippine Mineral Distribution
Laws and Ordinances Pertaining to Philippine Regional Geology
How did the
Philippines
Form?
Reported by: Kervin Zerna
 How did the
Philippines Form?
The Philippines did not come out from when the
Pangaea break out. As opposed to that, millions of
years of volcanic eruptions that took place beneath
the Pacific Ocean built the Philippine islands.
 Geologic
History of the
Philippines
Reported by: Kervin Zerna
Late Mesozoic
Late Mesozoic
Paleocene
Dating from the Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, olisostromes in northern Palawan
Eocene – are thought to be the remains of an accretionary complex. Features that are similar
Oligocene: have been found from southern China to Russia. During the Mesozoic, a significant
subduction along the eastern border of Eurasia in the Andean style was identified as
Pliocene and
a result of this extensive sequence of accretionary complexes.
Quarternary:
Late Mesozoic
Paleocene
Paleocene
Neither PMB nor the Palawan-Mindoro Microcontinent contain several rocks
Eocene – from the Paleocene era. A tectonically stable epoch in the formation of the
Oligocene:
Philippines is indicated by the absence of Paleocene-dated units, which show
Pliocene and a stop to magmatic activity.
Quarternary:
Late Mesozoic
Eocene – Oligocene:
Paleocene
Eocene and Oligocene units are usually conformable on the Palawan-Mindoro
Eocene – Microcontinent and PMB; consequently, occurrences in both epochs are
Oligocene: understood to reflect a continuous tectonic regime. Due to slab pull along the
proto-South China Sea and extensional stress from the Australian Plate rolling back,
Pliocene and
the Philippine Sea and Celebes Sea started to open during the Early Eocene and
Quarternary:
Middle Eocene, respectively.
Late Mesozoic
Pliocene and Quarternary:
Paleocene Subduction started in earnest on all of the Philippines' borders once the collisional
Eocene – forces from the Palawan-Mindoro Microcontinent-PMB collision subsided. The PFZ
Oligocene: formed during the Pliocene because to stresses that subduction was unable to bear.
Even today, there is still tectonic activity. As a result of ongoing subduction and
Pliocene and collision-related events, the Global Volcanism Program (2013) lists 50 active
Quarternary: volcanoes and earthquakes along the Pacific Fault Zone (Ramos, 2010).
 Geographic
Location of
the Philippines
Reported by: Kervin Zerna
Geographic Location
of the Philippines
Located on the Asiatic Mediterranean's eastern edge,
the Philippines is a country in Southeast Asia. Its
borders are as follows: the West Philippine Sea or
South China Sea to the west; the Pacific Ocean to the
east; the Sulu and Celebes Seas to the south; and the
Bashi Channel to the north.
ADVANTAGE:
Acts like an entry point to Asia
Wide range of geologic features can be found
throughout the nation
Variety of rocks and minerals can be discovered

DISADVANTAGE:
Regular occurrence of natural disasters like
storm surges, typhoons, and earthquakes
 Geologic Features
Scattered
Throughout the
Country (Land Mass)
Reported by: Christine Joy Nicdao
 VOLCANO
The Philippines is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area
known for its high seismic and volcanic activity. The
country has numerous volcanoes, both active and inactive.

There are over 300 volcanoes in the Philippines, 24 are

active volcanoes.
 REGION

REGION II
REGION III
CAGAYAN VALLEY
REGION IV-A
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VIII
REGION X Babuyan Claro Camiguin de Babuyanes Smith Volcano
 BABUYAN CLARO
Locations:
Located on Babuyan Island
Geological Features:
A stratovolcano with an elevation of 843 meters (2,766 ft)
and a base diameter of about 8 kilometers (5.0 mi).
It has two well-preserved craters that are 980 and 1,310
feet in diameter.
Volcanic Activity:
historical eruptions date back to 1831 and 1860.
CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES:
Locations:
Located on Camiguin Island
Geological Features:
This well-forested stratovolcano has an elevation of 2,336 feet
and a base diameter of 3,200 meters.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption dates back to 1857.
 SMITH VOLCANO
Locations:
Located on Babuyan Island
Geological Features:
A cinder cone volcano that has an elevation of 2,257 feet above
sea level and a base diameter of 4.5 kilometers.
Considered one of the island’s five Pleistocene-to-Holocene
volcanic centers and is the youngest volcano.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption dates back to 1924.
 REGION

REGION II
REGION III
CENTRAL LUZON
REGION IV-A
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VIII
REGION X Mount Pinatubo Didicas
 MOUNT PINATUBO
Locations:
Located at the intersection of the borders of the provinces of
Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga in Luzon.
Geological Features:
A stratovolcano, characterized by a conical shape formed by
layers of ash, lava, and other volcanic materials.
Has a complex structure, with a summit caldera formed by
multiple overlapping cones.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption dates back to 1991
 DIDICAS
Locations:
Located in Cagayan province.

Geological Features:
A submarine volcano consists of a small, 244-m-high andesitic
lava dome about 1.4 km in longest exposed dimension. A 400-
m-wide crater was formed during the 1952 eruption.

Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption dates back to 1978
 REGION

REGION II
REGION III
CALABARZON
REGION IV-A
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VIII
REGION X Taal Volcano Mount Banahaw
 TAAL VOLCANO
Locations:
Located on Luzon Island, in the province of Batangas
Geological Features:
A complex volcano with several overlapping cones and craters.
The main caldera, which contains Taal Lake, is about 25
kilometers in diameter and is the result of earlier, larger
eruptions.
Volcanic Activity:
Taal is known for its phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions,
which involve the release of steam and volcanic gases.
The volcano can produce ashfall and volcanic debris during
eruptions.
 MOUNT BANAHAW
Locations:
Located on the boundary of the provinces of Quezon and Laguna
Geological Features:
A complex volcano, characterized by its conical shape formed by
layers of volcanic rocks.
It has multiple peaks, and its highest point is approximately
2,177 meters (7,142 feet) above sea level.
Volcanic Activity:
While it is classified as a potentially active volcano, there has
been no recorded eruptions in recent history.
 REGION

REGION II
REGION III
BICOL REGION
REGION IV-A
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VIII
REGION X Mount Mayon Bulusan Volcano Mount Isarog
 REGION

REGION II
REGION III
BICOL REGION
REGION IV-A
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VIII
REGION X Mount Iriga Mount Iraya
 MAYON VOLCANO
Locations:
Located in the province of Albay, on the island of Luzon.
Geological Features:
The volcano rises 2,462 meters (8,077 feet) above sea level.
It has a base circumference of approximately 62.8 kilometers (39
miles).
Volcanic Activity:
One of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines, and it has
erupted numerous times throughout recorded history.
The eruptions are often characterized by lava flows, ash plumes,
and pyroclastic flows.
 BULUSAN VOLCANO
Locations:
Located in the province of Sorsogon on the island of Luzon.
Geological Features:
A stratovolcano, characterized by its steep slopes and conical
shape formed by the layering of volcanic rocks.
It has several craters, with the main crater being the active vent.
Volcanic Activity:
One of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines.
It has a history of both explosive and non-explosive eruptions.
Eruptions can produce ash clouds, pyroclastic flows, and lava
flows.
 MOUNT ISAROG
Locations:
Located in Camarines Sur
Geological Features:
A stratovolcano, characterized by its conical shape, steep slopes,
and built-up layers of volcanic material.
Has an elevation of 6,598 feet and an 8,202 feet crater.
Volcanic Activity:
It is classified as a potentially active volcano; it has not shown
recent signs of eruptive activity.
 MOUNT IRIGA
Locations:
Located in Camarines Sur
Geological Features:
It has an elevation of 3,924 feet and a base diameter of 10
kilometers.
Its large crater was formed because of a debris avalanche.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last recorded eruption dates back to 1642.
 MOUNT IRAYA
Locations:
Located in Batan Island, Batanes
Geological Features:
This stratovolcano is heavily forested and has an elevation of
3,310 feet above sea level and a base diameter of 18,000 feet.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last recorded eruption dates back to 1454.
 REGION

REGION II
REGION III
WESTERN VISAYAS
REGION IV-A
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VIII
REGION X Mount Kanlaon
 MOUNT KANLAON
Locations:
Located in Negros Island
Geological Features:
A stratovolcano, characterized by its conical shape formed by the
layering of volcanic rocks.
It has a symmetrical and prominent peak, and the lower slopes
are covered with lush vegetation.
Volcanic Activity:
One of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines.
It has a history of both explosive and effusive eruptions,
producing ash clouds, lava flows, and pyroclastic flows.
 REGION

REGION II
REGION III
EASTERN VISAYAS
REGION IV-A
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VIII
REGION X Mount Biliran Mount Cabalian
 MOUNT BILIRAN
Locations:
Located in province of Biliran
Geological Features:
It has an elevation of 4,400 feet
Volcanic Activity:
The only known historical activity was a phreatic explosive
eruption and possible debris avalanche at a thermal area in
1939.
 MOUNT CABALIAN
Locations:
Located in Southern Leyte
Geological Features:
It has an elevation of 3,100 feet and a base diameter of 8.5
kilometers.
In this volcano, you will find Cabalian Lake, which is 500
meters wide, occupying the crater’s summit
Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption dates back to 1820.
 REGION

REGION II
REGION III
NORTHERN MINDANAO
REGION IV-A
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VIII
REGION X Mount Hibok-Hibok Musuan Peak
 MOUNT HIBOK-HIBOK
Locations:
Located in Camiguin Island
Geological Features:
A stratovolcano, characterized by its conical shape formed by
the layering of volcanic rocks.
It has several craters and vents, with the summit crater being
the most prominent.
Volcanic Activity:
Considered an active volcano with recorded eruptions in the
past.
The most notable eruption occurred in 1951, causing significant
damage to the island and leading to the evacuation of residents.
 MUSUAN PEAK
Locations:
Located in Bukidnon
Geological Features:
It has an elevation of 2,119 feet above sea level and a base
diameter of 3 kilometers.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption dates back to 1886 or 1887.
 REGION

REGION XII
BARMM
SOCCSKSARGEN

Matumtum Volcano Mount Mélébingóy Mount Leonard Kniazeff

 MOUNT MATUMTUM
Locations:
Located in South Cotabato
Geological Features:
Has an elevation of 7,500 feet above sea level and a base
diameter of 25 kilometers.
Volcanic Activity:
The date of the last eruption is thought to have been in 1911.
MOUNT MÉLÉBINGÓY
Locations:
Located in South Cotabato
Geological Features:
It has an elevation of 5,853 to 5,984 feet and a base diameter of
40 kilometers.
Volcanic Activity:
For the past 3,800 years, it was believed that this volcano
erupted three times.
Its last eruption dates back to 1641.
MOUNT LEONARD KNIAZEFF
Locations:
Located in Davao de Oro
Geological Features:
It is a stratovolcano, which has an elevation of 3,900 feet and a
2.03-kilometer in diameter caldera lake known as Lake Leonard.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption was in 120 A.D.
 REGION

REGION XII BANGSAMORO AUTONOMOUS

BARMM REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO

Mount Ragang Mount Makaturing Mount Bud Dajo

 MOUNT RAGANG
Locations:
Located on the island of Mindanao
Geological Features:
An active stratovolcano, also the seventh tallest mountain in the
Philippines, rising to a whopping 2,815 meters.
It is part of a string of volcanoes in what volcanologists call the
Central Mindanao Arc.
Volcanic Activity:
It’s one of the most active volcanoes on this island, with a total
of eight recorded eruptions.
has produced frequent explosive eruptions since the late 1700's.
The volcano is known as “the mountain where smoke or fire
rises".
MOUNT MAKATURING
Locations:
Located in Lanao del Sur
Geological Features:
It has an elevation of 5,965 feet above sea level.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption dates back to 1882.
 MOUNT BUD DAJO
Locations:
Located in Sulu
Geological Features:
A cylindrical cone-shaped active volcano which has an
elevation of 2,030 feet and a base diameter of 9.5 kilometers.
Volcanic Activity:
Its last eruption dates back to 1897
 MOUNTAIN
The Philippines is an archipelago with numerous
mountains and mountain ranges across its islands.
The Philippines' mountainous terrain contributes to its
rich biodiversity and provides habitats for various flora and
fauna.
 MOUNTAIN

APO MOUNT APO

PULAG A stratovolcano, also known as a composite
volcano. Stratovolcanoes are characterized by their
KATINGLAD
steep slopes and periodic explosive eruptions.
DULANG-DULANG With an elevation of 2,954 meters (9,692 feet)
above sea level, Mount Apo is the highest
GUITING-GUITING
mountain in the Philippines. Its peak provides
HAMIGUITAN breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding
landscape.
 MOUNTAIN

APO MOUNT PULAG

PULAG Mount Pulag, part of the Luzon Central Cordillera,
is a dormant stratovolcano in the Philippines,
KATINGLAD
characterized by steep profiles and alternating
DULANG-DULANG layers of lava, ash, and volcanic rocks. It is part of
the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region with significant
GUITING-GUITING
seismic and volcanic activity. The geological history
HAMIGUITAN of Mount Pulag is influenced by past volcanic
activity.
 MOUNTAIN

APO MOUNT KITANGLAD

PULAG A non-volcanic mountain and is one of the highest
peaks in the country.
KATINGLAD
While Mount Kitanglad is considered a dormant
DULANG-DULANG volcano, it still retains the classic cone shape
associated with stratovolcanoes. The summit of the
GUITING-GUITING
mountain may have a crater, although it may not
HAMIGUITAN be as pronounced due to erosion and other
geological processes.
 MOUNTAIN

APO MOUNT DULANG-DULANG

PULAG
The second-highest peak in the Philippines, is
KATINGLAD situated in the Kitanglad Mountain Range in
DULANG-DULANG Bukidnon province. Geological surveys will identify
specific rock formations in the mountainous
GUITING-GUITING
region, including granite, limestone, shale, and
HAMIGUITAN metamorphic rocks.
 MOUNTAIN

APO MOUNT GUITING-GUITING

PULAG
KATINGLAD Located on Sibuyan Island in Romblon, Mount
DULANG-DULANG Guiting-Guiting is known for its challenging
terrain and impressive rock formations. It is part
GUITING-GUITING
of the Sibuyan Island mountain range.
HAMIGUITAN
 MOUNTAIN

APO MOUNT HAMIGUITAN

PULAG
KATINGLAD Situated in the province of Davao Oriental on
DULANG-DULANG Mindanao, Mount Hamiguitan is a UNESCO
World Heritage Site. It is recognized for its unique
GUITING-GUITING
bonsai forest and diverse flora and fauna.
HAMIGUITAN
 FAULT
The Philippines is situated in a seismically active
region due to its location along the Pacific Ring of
Fire, where several tectonic plates meet. As a result,
the country experiences frequent earthquakes.

The Philippines is home to about 30 active fault

systems where earthquakes may develop.
 FAULT

PHILIPPINE PHILIPPINE FAULT SYSTEM

WEST VALLEY It runs through various parts of the country,
including Luzon and Mindanao.
EAST VALLEY

CENTRAL The Philippine Fault System is one of the

PHILIPPINE longest fault systems in the world. It is a
COTABATO major strike-slip fault associated with the
complex tectonic interactions in the region.
 FAULT

PHILIPPINE WEST VALLEY FAULT

WEST VALLEY This fault runs through parts of Metro
Manila and nearby provinces on the western
EAST VALLEY side of the Philippines.
CENTRAL The West Valley Fault is known for its
PHILIPPINE potential to generate large-magnitude
COTABATO earthquakes. It is a major component of the
Philippine Fault System.
 FAULT

PHILIPPINE EAST VALLEY FAULT

WEST VALLEY It is located in the eastern part of the
Philippines, particularly in the provinces of
EAST VALLEY Rizal and Quezon.
CENTRAL Similar to the West Valley Fault, the East
PHILIPPINE Valley Fault is considered a significant fault
COTABATO line with the potential for large
earthquakes.
 FAULT

PHILIPPINE CENTRAL PHILIPPINE FAULT

WEST VALLEY
This fault runs through the Visayas region.
EAST VALLEY

CENTRAL
The Central Philippine Fault is associated
PHILIPPINE with the tectonic activity in the Visayan
COTABATO islands.
 FAULT

PHILIPPINE COTABATO FAULT SYSTEM

WEST VALLEY
The Cotabato Fault System is situated in
EAST VALLEY Mindanao.

CENTRAL It is a complex fault system with several

PHILIPPINE
segments and is associated with seismic
COTABATO activity in the Mindanao region.
Geologic Features
Scattered
Throughout the
Country (Water
Mass)
Reported by: Jello Lara
 OCEAN
The Philippines is an archipelago with numerous
mountains and mountain ranges across its islands.

The Philippines' mountainous terrain contributes to its

rich biodiversity and provides habitats for various flora
and fauna.
 OCEAN

SOUTH
CHINA SEA SOUTH CHINA SEA
Situated to the west of the Philippines.
PACIFIC OCEAN The South China Sea, vital for international trade, is
also a source of geopolitical tension due to
SULU SEA territorial disputes over the Spratly Islands and
Scarborough Shoal, with the Philippines and
CELEBES SEA neighboring countries engaged in intricate
maritime boundary negotiations.
 OCEAN

SOUTH
CHINA SEA PACIFIC OCEAN
Lies to the east of the Philippines
PACIFIC OCEAN The Pacific Ocean significantly influences the
climate and weather patterns of the Philippines.
The ocean's impact is particularly evident in the
SULU SEA occurrence of tropical cyclones, commonly known
as typhoons, which can have significant effects on
CELEBES SEA the country's natural environment, agriculture,
and infrastructure.
 OCEAN

SOUTH
CHINA SEA SULU SEA
Positioned between the southwestern Philippines
PACIFIC OCEAN and eastern Borneo.
The Sulu Sea serves as a strategic waterway for
SULU SEA maritime trade, connecting the South China Sea to
the Celebes Sea. It is important for regional
CELEBES SEA navigation and trade, facilitating shipping routes
between the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
 OCEAN

SOUTH
CHINA SEA CELEBES SEA
Located to the south of the Sulu Sea, bordered by
PACIFIC OCEAN the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
The Celebes Sea is crucial for the Philippines'
economy due to its rich marine biodiversity, thriving
SULU SEA fishing industry, and livelihood for coastal
communities. It also plays a vital role in maritime
CELEBES SEA trade, promoting connectivity with neighboring
countries.
 RIVER
Rivers contribute to the country's biodiversity, serve as
water sources for irrigation and domestic use, and play
essential roles in the overall ecology of the Philippines.

The country has 18 major river basins and 421 principal

rivers
 RIVER

CAGAYAN RIVER CAGAYAN RIVER

MINDANAO RIVER
The Cagayan River, the longest and largest in the
AGUSAN RIVER Philippines, spans 505 kilometers and covers
27,753 square kilometers, originating in the
PULANGI RIVER
Cagayan Valley region and encompassing Nueva
PAMPANGA RIVER Vizcaya, Quirino, Isabela, and Cagayan.
 RIVER

CAGAYAN RIVER RIO GRANDE DE MINDANAO

MINDANAO RIVER The Mindanao River, the second longest in the
Philippines, is 373 kilometers long and originates
AGUSAN RIVER in the northeastern part of Bukidnon, known as
Pulangi River. It flows through Bukidnon,
PULANGI RIVER
Maguindanao, and Cotabato provinces, empties
PAMPANGA RIVER into Illana Bay, and has its mouth in Cotabato
City.
 RIVER

CAGAYAN RIVER AGUSAN RIVER

MINDANAO RIVER The Agusan River, located in the north-eastern
AGUSAN RIVER part of Mindanao island, is the Philippines' third
longest river, draining most of the Caraga region
PULANGI RIVER and parts of Davao de Oro. Its total drainage area
is 11,937 square kilometers (4,609 sq. mi) and its
PAMPANGA RIVER estimated length is 349 kilometers (217 mi).
 RIVER

CAGAYAN RIVER PULANGI RIVER

MINDANAO RIVER The Pulangi River, the fourth longest in the
Philippines, is 320 kilometers long and is the
AGUSAN RIVER
longest in Bukidnon. Its headwaters are in
PULANGI RIVER northeastern Bukidnon and are a major tributary
of the Rio Grande de Mindanao. The river flows
PAMPANGA RIVER through most cities and towns in Bukidnon and
ends in Rio Grande de Mindanao.
 RIVER

CAGAYAN RIVER PAMPANGA RIVER

MINDANAO RIVER The Pampanga River is the second largest river on
the island of Luzon in the Philippines (next to
AGUSAN RIVER
Cagayan River) and the country's fifth longest
PULANGI RIVER river. It is in the Central Luzon region and
traverses the provinces of Pampanga, Bulacan, and
PAMPANGA RIVER Nueva Ecija.
 LAKE
The lakes in the Philippines are diverse and varied, each
possessing unique characteristics influenced by their
geographical location, geological origins, and
environmental surroundings.

There are over 100 recorded lakes in the Philippines

 LAKE

LAGUNA DE BAY LAGUNA DE BAY

LANAO LAKE
Laguna de Bay is the largest lake in the
TAAL LAKE Philippines, covering an area of about 949
square kilometers. It is located southeast of
MAINIT LAKE
Metro Manila and is a crucial freshwater
NAUJAN LAKE resource for the National Capital Region.
 LAKE

LAGUNA DE BAY LANAO LAKE

LANAO LAKE
Lake Lanao is the second-largest lake in the
TAAL LAKE Philippines, with an approximate area of 340
square kilometers, located within the province of
MAINIT LAKE
Lanao del Sur. It is also the deepest lake in the
NAUJAN LAKE country, reaching depths of up to 122 meters.
 LAKE

LAGUNA DE BAY TAAL LAKE

LANAO LAKE
Taal Lake is the third-largest lake in the
TAAL LAKE Philippines, covering around 234 square
kilometers. It is known for its picturesque
MAINIT LAKE
landscapes and the Taal Volcano, which is
NAUJAN LAKE situated on Volcano Island within the lake.
 LAKE

LAGUNA DE BAY MAINIT LAKE

LANAO LAKE
Lake Mainit is the fourth-largest lake in the
TAAL LAKE Philippines, spanning the provinces of Agusan
del Norte and Surigao del Norte, with an
MAINIT LAKE approximate area of 17,060 hectares. It is a
significant freshwater lake with a mix of
NAUJAN LAKE freshwater and brackish water.
 LAKE

LAGUNA DE BAY NAUJAN LAKE

LANAO LAKE
Naujan Lake is one of the largest lakes in the
TAAL LAKE country, located within the province of Oriental
Mindoro, covering an area of about 8,125
MAINIT LAKE
hectares. It is known for its biodiversity and is
NAUJAN LAKE considered a vital wetland area.
 Philippine
Rock
Distribution
Reported by: Jhon Derrick Manuel
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION KAPURPURAWAN ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
The Kapurpurawan rock formation is located on the
CENTRAL LUZON rocky coast of Burgos, Ilocos Norte. It is known for its
creamy white and streamlined limestone formations,
CALABARZON
which have been sculpted by different oceanic and
MIMAROPA REGION weather forces. Burgos is located on the northwestern
BICOL REGION tip of Ilocos Norte.

WESTERN VISAYAS
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION BIMMAPOR ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
The Bimmapor Rock Formation is a 2-kilometer-long
CENTRAL LUZON limestone outcrop that resembles the hull of a ship.
CALABARZON It's located on the banks of the Siitan River in the
MIMAROPA REGION municipality of Nagtipunan, Quirino Province. The
formation is a major attraction for the Siitan River
BICOL REGION Cruise.
WESTERN VISAYAS
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION ALAPAD HILLS AND ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
The Alapad Hills and Rock Formation is a scenic area
CENTRAL LUZON on the southeastern side of Batan Island in the
CALABARZON Philippines. The area includes a rock formation that
MIMAROPA REGION faces the Pacific Ocean and a hill with slanting
sediment patterns. The Alapad Pass is a national road
BICOL REGION that cuts through a large rock in Itbud.
WESTERN VISAYAS
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION DIGUISIT ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
Diguisit Rock Formations are located at Diguisit
CENTRAL LUZON Beach, below the Sierra Mountain Range.
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA REGION
BICOL REGION
WESTERN VISAYAS
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION NAGPATONG ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
Nagpatong Rock is a karst formation in Brgy.
CENTRAL LUZON Cuyambay, Tanay, Rizal. From a distance, the rock
CALABARZON formation looks like large limestone formations
MIMAROPA REGION stacked on top of one another.

BICOL REGION
WESTERN VISAYAS
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION UNGAB ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
The Ungab Rock Formation is a natural landmark on
CENTRAL LUZON the island of Mongpong, off the northeastern coast of
CALABARZON Marinduque. The formation is located off the beach
MIMAROPA REGION and includes a segment that resembles a land bridge.
The formation is said to resemble the shape of an
BICOL REGION elephant.
WESTERN VISAYAS
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION POSEIDON'S ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
Poseidon's Rock is a natural rock formation in
CENTRAL LUZON Carorian, Bato, Catanduanes, Philippines. It's known
CALABARZON for resembling the Greek god of the sea.
MIMAROPA REGION The winds from the Pacific Ocean have carved the
rock into a face that resembles the God of the Sea.
BICOL REGION Some say the coastline views are the best they've ever
WESTERN VISAYAS seen.
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION BURUBANCASO ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
Burubancaso Rock Formation is located in the
CENTRAL LUZON Municipality of Monreal, Ticao Island, Masbate
CALABARZON Province. It's known for its white sand beach, clear
MIMAROPA REGION waters, and interesting rock formations.

BICOL REGION
WESTERN VISAYAS
 ROCK

ILOCOS REGION WILLY'S ROCK

CAGAYAN VALLEY
Willy's Rock is a volcanic rock formation on Boracay
CENTRAL LUZON Island, Philippines. It's located in the shallow waters
CALABARZON of Station 1, and is arguably the island's most
MIMAROPA REGION photographed landmark.
A volcanic rock formation on Boracay Island that has a
BICOL REGION shrine dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
WESTERN VISAYAS
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS BIRI ISLAND ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
The Biri Rock Formations are six rock islands located
ZAMBOANGA PININSULA
off the northeastern coast of Biri Island in the
NORTHERN MINDANAO Philippines. The islands are Magasang, Masapad,
DAVAO REGION Macadlaw, Puhunan, Bel-at, and Caranas.

SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS MARABUT SAMAR ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
Marabut, Samar is a town in Eastern Samar,
ZAMBOANGA PININSULA
Philippines that's known for its remarkable rock
NORTHERN MINDANAO formations. The rock formations are located off the
DAVAO REGION coast of Marabut and include caves and pools.

SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS NORTHWEST ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
Northwest Rock is a rock formation in the Zamboanga
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
del Sur province of the Zamboanga Peninsula in the
NORTHERN MINDANAO Philippines..
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS LUMAYAG ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
Lumayag Rock is a prominent, isolated rock mass in
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
the Zamboanga del Norte Province of the Zamboanga
NORTHERN MINDANAO Peninsula, Philippines.
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS THE KULAMAN ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
The Kulaman Plateau is located in Lebak, South
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
Cotabato, and has several caves and rockshelters that
NORTHERN MINDANAO have been identified as jar burial sites. The rock-
DAVAO REGION shelters are lime-store formations that form along
walls and ledges.
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS MUSHROOM ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
Mushroom Rock in Samal Island, Davao, Mindanao,
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
Philippines is a unique dive site that features an
NORTHERN MINDANAO underwater rock formation resembling a mushroom.
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS ANBANG FALLS AND ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
Anbang Falls and Rock Formation is located in
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
Barangay ColonSabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur. The
NORTHERN MINDANAO falls are a 12-foot rock formation waterfall.
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS PANGADILAN FALLS AND ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
Pangadilan Falls and Rock Formation is a popular
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
tourist attraction in Columbio, Sultan Kudarat,
NORTHERN MINDANAO Philippines. The falls are a natural waterfall, and
DAVAO REGION visitors can swim in the clear waters or relax and
enjoy the natural beauty.
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
 ROCK

CENTRAL VISAYAS HAGKHAKHAK ROCK

EASTERN VISAYAS
The Hagakhak Rock Formations are a tourist attraction
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
in Libjo, Dinagat Islands. The formations are made up
NORTHERN MINDANAO of sedimentary rocks that have been carved by waves
DAVAO REGION over centuries. The rocks are located on Little
Hagakhak Island, a small island west of the larger
SOCCSKSARGEN Hagakhak Island.
CARAGA
 ROCK

CAR PIWEK ROCK

BARMM
The Piwek Rock Formations are a natural limestone
rock formation located along the Binongan River in
Brgy. Alaoa, Tineg, Abra. The formations can be found
down the road from Apao Rolling Hills.
 ROCK

CAR DUPAG ROCK

BARMM
The Dupag Rock Formation is a cluster of jagged
limestone boulders that are 7 to 8 feet high. It is
located in Marag Valley, Luna, Apayao, Philippines.
 ROCK

CAR BALOBOK CAVE

BARMM
Balobok Cave, also known as the Balobok Rock
Shelter, is a cave and archaeological site in the
Philippines. It's located in Barangay Lakit-Lakit,
Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.
The cave is also home to one of the oldest human
settlements in Southeast Asia, dating back 8,000–
5,000 years.
 Philippine
Mineral
Distribution
Reported by: James Cedrick Carreon
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION Gold
Abundant in the Diwalwal Gold Rush area in Monkayo, Compostela Valley. The presence of
CENTRAL VISAYAS
gold has led to significant small-scale and artisanal mining activities in this region.
CALABARZON
Copper
MIMAROPA Copper deposits are found in various parts of Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley, and Davao
Oriental. The Kingking Copper-Gold Project in Pantukan, Compostela Valley, is one notable
CAR
area with copper deposits.
CARAGA REGION
Nickel
CAGAYAN VALLEY Abundant in several areas, including Mati in Davao Oriental. Nickel mining activities have
been conducted in parts of the region to extract nickel laterite ores.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION Chromite
Chromite deposits are found in Davao Oriental, particularly in the municipality of Boston.
CENTRAL VISAYAS
Mining operations have been established to extract chromite ore.
CALABARZON
Limestone
MIMAROPA Limestone deposits can be found in various areas, including Davao del Sur and Davao
Oriental. Limestone is commonly used in the production of cement.
CAR
CARAGA REGION
Aggregates (Sand and Gravel)
Abundant throughout the region, aggregates are essential for construction and infrastructure
CAGAYAN VALLEY development. Various municipalities in Davao Region contribute to the production of sand
and gravel.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION Limestone
Central Visayas is rich in limestone deposits. Cebu, in particular, is known for its extensive
CENTRAL VISAYAS
limestone resources. Limestone is a crucial raw material in the production of cement and
CALABARZON other construction materials.
MIMAROPA Clay
The region has clay deposits used in the production of ceramics and pottery. Bohol, for
CAR
example, has areas where clay is abundant, supporting local pottery industries.
CARAGA REGION
Silica
CAGAYAN VALLEY Silica deposits, particularly in the form of sand, can be found in coastal areas. Silica sand is
essential in the glass-making industry and for various industrial applications.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION
Copper and Manganese:
CENTRAL VISAYAS There are known deposits of copper and manganese in some parts of Central Visayas,
CALABARZON contributing to the region's mineral wealth. However, the extent and abundance may not be
as significant as in other regions.
MIMAROPA
CAR Coral and Marine Resources
While not minerals in the traditional sense, Central Visayas is rich in marine resources,
CARAGA REGION
including coral reefs. These resources are crucial for the region's fisheries and tourism
CAGAYAN VALLEY industries.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION Volcanic Aggregates
The region is characterized by volcanic activity, and volcanic aggregates are abundant.
CENTRAL VISAYAS
Batangas, in particular, has volcanic deposits, including volcanic ash and pumice.
CALABARZON
Limestone
MIMAROPA Limestone is widespread in CALABARZON and is particularly abundant in Batangas. The
province is a major source of limestone, which is a critical raw material for the production of
CAR
cement and other construction materials.
CARAGA REGION
Mineral Fuels
CAGAYAN VALLEY While not extensively explored or exploited, there have been studies suggesting the potential
presence of oil and natural gas deposits offshore in the region.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION Copper and Gold
Some areas in CALABARZON, such as Marinduque, have known copper and gold deposits.
CENTRAL VISAYAS
Mining activities have taken place in Marinduque in the past, although there have been
CALABARZON environmental concerns associated with these activities.
MIMAROPA Clay
Various provinces in CALABARZON have clay deposits, which are used in pottery and
CAR ceramics production.
CARAGA REGION
Silica Sand
CAGAYAN VALLEY Silica sand is found in some coastal areas of the region and is important for glassmaking and
industrial applications.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION Nickel
MIMAROPA is a significant producer of nickel in the Philippines. Palawan, in particular, has
CENTRAL VISAYAS substantial nickel deposits, and mining operations have been established in the province for
CALABARZON nickel extraction.

MIMAROPA
Copper and Gold
Marinduque is known for its copper and gold deposits. Mining activities have taken place in the
CAR province, although there have been environmental concerns associated with historical mining
operations.
CARAGA REGION
Marble
CAGAYAN VALLEY Romblon is renowned for its high-quality marble deposits. The province has a long history of
marble quarrying, and Romblon marble is known for its aesthetic and commercial value.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION Manganese
Some parts of MIMAROPA, including Mindoro, have manganese deposits. Manganese is used in
CENTRAL VISAYAS various industrial applications, including steel production.

CALABARZON Limestone
Limestone deposits are present in different areas of MIMAROPA, and they are used in the
MIMAROPA production of cement and construction materials. Palawan, in particular, has limestone formations.

CAR
Clay
Various provinces in MIMAROPA have clay deposits, which are utilized in pottery and ceramics
CARAGA REGION production.
Salt
CAGAYAN VALLEY Coastal areas in the region are suitable for salt production, and traditional salt-making
methods are practiced in some locations.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION Gold
The CAR is known for its gold deposits, and it has historically been a significant gold-producing
CENTRAL VISAYAS
region in the Philippines.
CALABARZON Copper
Copper deposits are also present in various parts of the Cordillera, and mining activities have been
MIMAROPA
conducted to extract copper ore.
CAR
Silver
CARAGA REGION Silver is often found in association with gold and copper deposits in the region.

CAGAYAN VALLEY Limestone

Limestone deposits are found in some areas of the Cordillera Administrative Region.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION
Nickel
CENTRAL VISAYAS Caraga is a major nickel-producing region in the Philippines. The area has substantial nickel
laterite deposits, and nickel mining operations are prevalent.
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA Gold
Gold is another important mineral in Caraga, with both small-scale and large-scale gold
CAR mining activities taking place in various parts of the region.
CARAGA REGION
Copper
CAGAYAN VALLEY Copper deposits are present in certain areas of Caraga, and mining activities are conducted to
extract copper ore.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION
CENTRAL VISAYAS
Chromite
CALABARZON Chromite, an essential component in the production of stainless steel, is also found in some
parts of the Caraga Region.
MIMAROPA
CAR Iron
Iron ore deposits are present in certain areas, contributing to the mining industry in the
CARAGA REGION region.

CAGAYAN VALLEY
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION
Magnetite Sand
CENTRAL VISAYAS The region has significant deposits of magnetite sand, particularly along its coastal areas.
Magnetite is a type of iron ore.
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA Gold
Gold deposits are present in certain areas of Cagayan Valley, leading to gold mining activities
CAR in the region.
CARAGA REGION
Copper
CAGAYAN VALLEY Copper deposits contribute to the mineral wealth of the region, and mining operations extract
copper ore.
 MINERALS
DAVAO REGION
CENTRAL VISAYAS
Limestone
CALABARZON Limestone deposits are found in parts of Cagayan Valley. Limestone is often used in the
MIMAROPA production of cement and other construction materials.

CAR Manganese
Manganese deposits are also reported in some areas of the region.
CARAGA REGION
CAGAYAN VALLEY
 MINERALS
Limestone
Ilocos Norte has significant limestone deposits. Limestone is commonly used in the production of
ILOCOS NORTE
cement and other construction materials.

CENTRAL LUZON Silica

Silica, which is essential in the glass-making industry, is also found in certain areas of the province.
ZAMBOANGA MagnetiteSand
Similar to other coastal areas in the Philippines, Ilocos Norte has deposits of magnetite sand,
SOUTH MINDANAO which contains iron ore.
Sand and Gravel
Various areas in the province have deposits of sand and gravel, which are essential materials
in construction and infrastructure projects.
 MINERALS
Volcanic Tuff
The region has volcanic tuff deposits, which are materials formed from volcanic ash. These can have
ILOCOS NORTE various applications in construction.
Sand and Gravel
CENTRAL LUZON Abundant deposits of sand and gravel are found in riverbeds and coastal areas of the region,
providing essential materials for construction and infrastructure projects.
ZAMBOANGA Clay
Various types of clay are present in Central Luzon, which can be used for pottery, ceramics, and
SOUTH MINDANAO other applications.
Gold
Some areas in Central Luzon have gold deposits, leading to small-scale gold mining
activities.
 MINERALS
Chromite
ILOCOS NORTE Chromite, an essential ore for chromium, is also present in certain areas of the region.

Iron
CENTRAL LUZON Iron ore deposits contribute to the mineral wealth of Zamboanga Peninsula.

Copper
ZAMBOANGA Copper deposits are found in parts of the region, and copper mining operations may extract
copper ore.
SOUTH MINDANAO
Gold
Gold is another important mineral found in certain areas of the region, leading to gold
mining activities.
 MINERALS
Gold
South Mindanao has significant gold deposits, making it one of the major gold-producing
ILOCOS NORTE
regions in the Philippines. Gold mining activities are prevalent in areas such as Compostela
Valley, Davao del Norte, and other provinces.
CENTRAL LUZON
Copper
Copper deposits are abundant in certain parts of the region, and copper mining operations
ZAMBOANGA
extract copper ore. The Tampakan project in South Cotabato, for example, is known for its vast
SOUTH MINDANAO copper-gold resources.
Nickel
The region is also a significant producer of nickel. Nickel mining activities are conducted in
various areas, contributing to the country's nickel production.
 Laws and Ordinances
Pertaining to Philippine
Regional Geology
Reported by: Kervin Zerna
 1

REPUBLIC ACT No. 4209

Laws and
Ordinances
"Geology Profession Law of the Philippines"

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7942

"Philippine Mining Act of 1995"

THANK YOU

REPORTED BY: GROUP 5