Kku lkxj

(d{kk&NBh)

izdk'ku foHkkx
Mh-,-oh- dkWyst izcaèkd=khZ lfefr
fp=kxqIr ekxZ] u;h fnYyh&110055
 fo"k;&lwph
Øe la[;k ikB jpukdkj i`"B la[;k

1- lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk (dfork) lkfgj yqf/;kuoh 1

2- fpV~Bh osQ v{kj (dgkuh) O;fFkr ân; 4
3- cjlrs ty osQ :i vusd (dgkuh) f'ko'kadj 11
4- iqjLdkj (dgkuh) nsonRr n~foosnh 16
5- *lh[kks (dfork) fouksn panz ik.Ms; ^fouksn* 22
6- vuks[kk ojnku (dgkuh) eukst nkl 23
7- lqanj yky (thouh) µ 29
8- utkuw dfo cuk (,dkadh) fudksykbZ ukslkso@dfork lqjs'k 34
9- nksgs (in~;) vCnqjZghe ^[kku[kkuk* 42
10- iksaxy (fuca/) µ 45
11- *rsukyhjke us pksjksa dks mYyw cuk;k (dgkuh) µ 50
12- nl vkeksa dh dher (dgkuh) vkj-osQ- ukjk;.k 52
13- vuks[kh nkSM+ (i=k) µ 58
14- ,d jksekapd ;k=kk (;k=kk&o`Rrkar) tokgj yky usg: 63
15- ifjJe (dfork) fouksn panz ik.Ms; ^fouksn* 67
16- */ku dk egRRo (fuca/) jes'k nRr 'kekZ 71
17- ;k=kk vkSj ;k=kh (dfork) gfjoa'kjk; cPpu 75
18- iap ijes'oj (dgkuh) izes pan 78
19- *floaQnj vkSj lk/q (dgkuh) O;fFkr ân; 85
20- vk;k olar (dfork) lksguyky n~foosnh 88

* osQoy i<+us osQ fy, gSaA ijh{kk esa buesa ls loky ugha iwNs tk,¡xsA
 lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk
lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk
,d vosQyk Fkd tk,xk] feydj cks> mBkukA
lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA

ge esgurokyksa us tc Hkh] feydj dne c<+k;k]

lkxj us jLrk NksM+k] ijcr us lhl >qdk;k]
i+QkSyknh gSa lhus vius] i+QkSyknh gSa ck¡gsa]
ge pkgsa rks pV~Vkuksa esa iSnk dj nsa jkgsa]
lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA

esgur vius ys[k dh js[kk] esgur ls D;k Mjuk]

dy xSjksa dh [kkfrj dh] vkt viuh [kkfrj djuk]
viuk nq[k Hkh ,d gS lkFkh] viuk lq[k Hkh ,d]
viuh eaf”ky lp dh eaf”ky] viuk jLrk usd]
lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA

,d ls ,d feys rks drjk] cu tkrk gS nfj;k]

,d ls ,d feys rks ”kjkZ] cu tkrk gS lsgjk]
,d ls ,d feys rks jkbZ] cu ldrh gS ijcr]
,d ls ,d feys rks balk¡] cl esa dj ys fdLer]
lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA
µlkfgj yqf/;kuoh

'kCnkFkZ% ijcrµioZr_ lhlµ'kh'k] flj_ i+QkSyknhµi+QkSykn (yksgs) ls cuk cgqr dM+k ;k e”kcwr_ xSjksaµijk,_ ”kjkZµNksVk d.k_ lsgjkµjsfxLrku

1
 vH;kl

dfork esa ls
1- esgur djus okys euq";ksa osQ feydj dne c<+kus ls lkxj vkSj ioZr D;k djrs gSa\
2- esgurh O;fDr;ksa dk jkLrk vkSj eaf”ky dkSu&lh gksrh gS\
3- mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ
(d) balku osQ vius ys[k dh js[kk D;k gS\
vkjke esgur dksf'k'k lgtrk
([k) ,d ls ,d drjk feys rks D;k cu tkrk gS\
nfj;k jkLrk /jrh vkdk'k
4- dfork dh iafDr;k¡ iwjh dhft,µ
(d) i+QkSyknh gSa ----------------------------- vius] i+QkSyknh gSa ckgsa
ge pkgsa rks ----------------------------- esa iSnk dj nsa jkgsa
([k) ----------------------------- xSjksa dh [kkfrj dh] vkt ----------------------------- [kkfrj djuk
viuk ----------------------------- Hkh ,d gS lkFkh] viuk ----------------------------- Hkh ,d

ckrphr osQ fy,

1- ^ge pkgsa rks pV~Vkuksa esa iSnk dj nsa jkgsa*µbl iafDr ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
2- vki fdUgaas viuk lkFkh ekurs gSa vkSj D;ksa\
3- vki lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk feydj dkSu&dkSu ls dke dj ldrs gSa\
4- ^lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk* iafDr dk D;k Hkko gS\ vkius dc&dc nwljksa dh lgk;rk osQ fy, gkFk vkxs
c<+k;k gS\ fdlh ,d ?kVuk osQ ckjs esa crkb,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- ;fn dksbZ O;fDr vosQyk gh lkjs dke djsxk rks D;k gksxk\
2- fdu voljksa ij yxrk gS fd lcdk lq[k&nq[k ,d gks x;k gS] crkb,A

2
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- ^fey* + ^dj* tksM+us ls ^feydj* 'kCn cuk gSA vc vki Hkh rhu 'kCnksa esa ^dj* tksM+dj
u, 'kCn cukb,µ
(d) --------------------------------------- + dj = ---------------------------------------
([k) --------------------------------------- + dj = ---------------------------------------
(x) --------------------------------------- + dj = ---------------------------------------
2- ^gkFkksa osQ rksrs mM+uk*µgkFk ls lacaf/r eqgkojk gSA vc vki ^gkFk* ij rhu eqgkojs <w¡<dj
fyf[k, vkSj mudk okD; esa iz;ksx dhft,µ
(d) eqgkojk & --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
okD; & --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) eqgkojk & --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
okD; & --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) eqgkojk & --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
okD; & --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

thou ewY;
● lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk
,d vosQyk Fkd tk,xk] feydj cks> mBkukA
● esgur vius ys[k dh js[kk] esgur ls D;k Mjuk
● ,d ls ,d feys rks balk¡] cl esa dj ys fdLer
1- D;k dfo us lcdks feydj esgur djosQ fdLer cnyus dh ckr dgh gS\
2- D;k dfo dk ,slk lans'k nsuk mfpr gS\ mnkgj.k n~okjk Li"V dhft,A

oqQN djus osQ fy,

1- fi+QYe ^u;k nkSj* o mlesa bl xhr osQ fi+QYekadu dks nsf[k,A
2- d{kk esa bl xhr dks feydj xkb,A

3
 fpV~Bh osQ v{kj

lqcg osQ nl ct jgs FksA eq>s Mkd ls ,d fpV~Bh feyhA eSa fyi+Qki+Qk [kksydj fpV~Bh i<+us yxkµÑik djosQ
esjs v[+kckj osQ fy, ,d dfork Hkst nhft,A fpV~Bh osQ uhps laiknd osQ gLrk{kj FksA laiknd dk uke efgiky
flag FkkA fpV~fB;k¡ rks cjkcj gh vkrh jgrh gSa] ij bl fpV~Bh us esjs eu dks viuh vksj [khap fy;kA bldk dkj.k
;g Fkk fd fpV~Bh dh fy[kkoV cM+h lqanj FkhA gj v{kj lk¡ps esa <yk gqvk&lk ekywe iM+rk FkkA
efgiky flag ls esjh dksbZ tku&igpku ugha FkhA ;g mudh igyh fpV~Bh FkhA fy[kkoV ns[kdj esjs eq¡g ls
vuk;kl gh fudy iM+k] ^^okg! cM+h lqanj fy[kkoV gSA**
eSaus nwljs gh fnu dfork Hkst nhA
dfork v[+kckj esa NihA ftl vad esa Nih] og vad Hkh esjs ikl vk;kA
'kCnkFkZ% vuk;klµvpkud] ,dk,d

4
 iwjs cRrhl ist dk lkIrkfgd v[+kckj FkkA 'kq: ls ysdj var rd xk¡o dh gh ckrsa Nih FkhaA cM+s lqanj <ax
ls lkr fnuksa osQ lekpkj Nk¡V&Nk¡Vdj Nkis x, FksA fdlkuksa osQ fy, tkudkjh dh cgqr&lh ckrsa Hkh FkhaA
eSa v[+kckj dks ns[kdj cM+k çlUu gqvk vkSj nwljs vad osQ fy, fiQj ,d dfork Hkst nhA
nwljh dfork Hkh v[+kckj esa NihA vc eSa cjkcj dfork Hkstus yxkA efgiky flag dh fpV~fB;k¡ Hkh
le;&le; ij vk;k djrh FkhaA os dHkh dfork ek¡xrs Fks vkSj dHkh dgkuhA eSa cjkcj mudh bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ
dj fn;k djrk FkkA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd ge nksuksa osQ eu esa ,d&nwljs osQ fy, çse iSnk gks x;kA yxHkx
lky&Ms<+ lky chr x;kA efgiky flag us vius ,d i=k esa fy[kkµ;fn vkidk dHkh bèkj vkuk gks] rks esjs gh
?kj Bgjus dh Ñik djsaA eSaus Hkh mRrj esa mUgsa fy[k fn;kµ;fn mèkj vkuk gqvk rks vkiosQ n'kZu ”k:j d:¡xkA
la;ksx dh ckr] nks&<kbZ eghus ckn eq>s mèkj ,d 'kknh esa tkuk iM+kA eSaus vius vkus dh lwpuk efgiky flag
dks ns nhA fu;r frfFk ij eSa ml vksj ckjkr esa lfEefyr gksus osQ fy, x;kA tc ckjkr ls NqV~Vh ik x;k rks
efgiky flag osQ ?kj x;kA efgiky flag vius ?kj osQ ckgjh dejs esa oqQlhZ ij cSBdj es”k osQ lgkjs oqQN fy[k
jgs FksA eSaus njok”ks ij [kM+s gksdj iwNk] ^^D;k efgiky flag th gSa\**
efgiky flag us oqQlhZ ij cSBs&gh&cSBs esjh vksj ns[krs gq, iwNk] ^^vki dkSu gSa\**
eSaus mRrj fn;k] ^^esjk uke vf[kys'k 'kekZ gSA** efgiky flag mNy iM+sA mUgksaus rs”kh osQ lkFk vkxs c<+dj
eq>s idM+dj ân; ls yxk fy;k vkSj dgk] ^^vjs 'kekZ th] vki! {kek dhft,xkA**

'kCnkFkZ% fu;rµfuf'pr

5
 eSa oqQN dguk gh pkgrk Fkk fd esjh n`f"V muosQ gkFkksa ij iM+hA mudk ,d gh gkFk Fkkµck;k¡A nk;k¡ gkFk
oaQèks rd dVk gqvk FkkA eSa vk'p;Zpfdr gksdj mudh rji+Q ns[kus yxkA os cM+s [kq'k Fks] cM+s LoLFk FksA ,d {k.k
esa gh esjs efLr"d esa vusd ç'u dkSaèkus yxsµ^^D;k og fy[kkoV blh vkneh dh Fkh\ D;k ;g ck,¡ gkFk ls brus
lqanj v{kj fy[krk gS\**
eSa efgiky flag dh vksj VdVdh yxk, ns[krk jgkA rc efgiky flag us iwNk] ^^D;k ns[k jgs gSa\ D;k ;g
fd vkidks fpV~fB;k¡ Hkstus okyk efgiky ,d gkFk dk vkneh gSA vjs HkkbZ] ;g thou gSA thou esa D;k gks ldrk
gS] dksbZ oqQN ugha tkurkA**
^^vki rks esjs eu dh ckr Hkk¡i x,A eSa lpeqp ;gh lksp jgk Fkk fd D;k vkneh ck,¡ gkFk ls Hkh brus lqanj
v{kj fy[k ldrk gS\**

efgiky flag us tokc fn;k] ^^'kekZ th] nk,¡&ck,¡ esa oqQN i+QoZQ ugha gksrkA tks xq.k nk,¡ gkFk esa gksrk gS ogh
ck,¡ gkFk esa Hkh gksrk gSA ;g rks O;fDr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd og fdl gkFk ls dke djrk gSA**
gkFk&eq¡g èkksus osQ ckn tc eSa efgiky flag osQ lkFk pk; ihus yxk] rks eSaus muls iwNk] ^^BkoqQj lkgc] vki
ck,¡ gkFk ls dc ls fy[k jgs gSa\**
efgiky flag fopkjksa esa Mwc x,A oqQN nsj rd lksprs jgs] fiQj cksys] ^^bl o"kZ esjh mez ipiu o"kZ dh gSA
eSa pkyhl o"kZ dh mez rd i+QkSt esa FkkA fu'kkuk ekjus esa cM+k rs”k FkkA ck,¡ vkSj nk,¡µnksuksa gkFkksa ls lVhd fu'kkuk
ekjrk FkkA**

'kCnkFkZ% lVhdµBhd&Bkd] tSlk pkfg, oSlk

6
 ^^la;ksx dh ckr Fkh fd eq>s ,d ekspZs ij tkuk iM+kA ,d fnu tc 'k=kq dks viuh xksfy;ksa dk fu'kkuk cuk
jgk Fkk rks ikl gh ,d ce iQVk vkSj esjk nkfguk gkFk daèks rd mM+ x;kA eSa fxj iM+kA eq>s vLirky ys tk;k
x;kA eghuksa vLirky esa iM+k jgkA tc vPNk gqvk rks ljdkj us eq>s isa'ku nsdj lsok ls eqDr dj fn;kA ljdkj
us eq> ls iwNk] ^^lsok ls eqDr gksus ij eSa dkSu&lk dke d:¡xk\**
eSaus mRrj fn;k] ^^eSa igys oqQN i<+w¡xk&fy[kw¡xk vkSj fiQj mlosQ ckn ,d v[+kckj fudkyw¡xkA** ljdkj us esjs
i<+us&fy[kus vkSj v[+kckj fudkyus dk iwjk bar”kke dj fn;kA
^^eSa ?kj vkdj ck,¡ gkFk ls fy[kus dk vH;kl djus yxkA pkj&ik¡p lky rd eSa vH;kl esa gh yxk jgkA
eSaus cgqr&lh dfork,¡ fy[kha] dgkfu;k¡ fy[kha vkSj ys[k fy[ksA os lHkh ph”ksa esjs ikl ekStwn gSaA esjh fy[kkoV mlh
vH;kl dk ifj.kke gSA tc eSa fy[kus esa n{k gks x;k rks v[+kckj fudkyus yxkA vc vki ns[k gh jgs gSa fd
iwjs cRrhl ist dk v[+kckj gj lIrkg fudkyrk gw¡A**
efgiky flag viuh ckr [kRe djus osQ ckn mBsA mUgksaus pkj&ik¡p lky rd vH;kl osQ :i esa fy[kh gqbZ
viuh jpuk,¡ vyekjh ls fudkydj esjs lkeus j[k nhaA eSa mudh jpukvksa dks ns[kus yxkµVs<+s&es<+s v{kj] nwj&nwj
v{kj] vyx&vyx v{kj] fiQj lqèkjs gq, vkSj fiQj xksy&xksy lqanj v{kj rFkk lk¡ps esa <ys gq, v{kjA
eSa eqXèk gksdj cksy mBk] ^^BkoqQj lkgc] vki èkU; gSaA eSaus cpiu esa i<+k Fkkµjljh vkor tkr rS] fly
ij ijr fulkuA exj vkt viuh vk¡[kksa ls çR;{k ns[k Hkh fy;kA** bruk dgus osQ ckn eSaus efgiky flag th
ls fonk yhA
µO;fFkr ân;

'kCnkFkZ% n{kµfuiq.k] oqQ'ky_ izR;{kµvk¡[kksa osQ lkeus

7
 vH;kl

ikB esa ls
1- efgiky flag n~okjk Nkis x, lkIrkfgd lekpkj&i=k esa D;k&D;k Nirk Fkk\
2- efgiky flag us ys[kd dks vius ?kj vkus dk fuea=k.k D;ksa fn;k\
3- efgiky flag ls feyus osQ ckn ys[kd osQ efLr"d esa dkSu&ls iz'u dkSa/us yxs\
4- efgiky flag us ck,¡ gkFk ls fy[kus dk vH;kl fdl izdkj fd;k\
5- mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) vf[kys'k 'kekZ th dks feyh fpV~Bh esa mUgsa v[+kckj osQ fy, D;k fy[kdj
Hkstus dks dgk x;k Fkk\
thouh dfork dgkuh laLej.k
([k) fpV~Bh osQ uhps fdlosQ gLrk{kj Fks\
ys[kd funsZ'kd laiknd dfo
6- ikB osQ vk/kj ij uhps oqQN dFku fn, x, gSaA lgh dFkuksa osQ lkeus lgh (✓) dk fu'kku
vkSj xyr dFkuksa osQ lkeus xyr (×) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) efgiky flag pkyhl o"kZ dh mez rd i+QkSt esa FksA
([k) ,d cl nq?kZVuk esa mUgksaus viuk gkFk [kks fn;kA
(x) efgiky flag nSfud v[+kckj osQ laiknd FksA
(?k) efgiky flag dh fy[kkoV cgqr laqnj FkhA
(Ä) efgiky flag us vius dk;kZy; esa vf[kys'k 'kekZ
dks cqyk;k FkkA

ckrphr osQ fy,

1- fpV~Bh Hkstus vkSj izkIr djus osQ dkSu&dkSu ls rjhosQ gSa\
2- vki fpV~Bh Hkstus osQ fy, fdl rjhosQ dk bLrseky djrs gSa\ ml rjhosQ dh izfØ;k le>kb,A
3- vki dkSu&lk lekpkj&i=k i<+rs gS\ D;ksa\
4- efgiky flag us viuk nk;k¡ gkFk oSQls [kks fn;k\

8
vuqeku vkSj dYiuk
1- ;fn efgiky flag viuk nk;k¡ gkFk [kksus osQ ckn fujk'k gks tkrs rks D;k gksrk\
2- ;fn fy[kkoV lqanj u gks rks mlosQ D;k&D;k ifj.kke gks ldrs gS\
3- ^fpV~Bh osQ v{kj* dgkuh osQ fy, dksbZ vkSj 'kh"kZd crkb,A

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa dks lgh mrkj&p<+ko osQ lkFk if<+,µ
(d) okg! cM+h lqanj fy[kkoV gSA
([k) vki dkSu gS\
(x) D;k ns[k jgs gSa\
(?k) vjs HkkbZ] ;g thou gSA
(Ä) vjs 'kekZ th] vki! {kek dhft,xkA
2- uhps fn, x, 'kCn&lewgksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k o fo'ks"; vyx&vyx djosQ fyf[k,µ
fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) ,d fpV~Bh ------------------------------------
,d ------------------------------------
fpV~Bh
([k) lqanj fy[kkoV ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
(x) lkIrkfgd v[+kckj ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
(?k) fu;r frfFk ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------

3- f'k{kd ;k lgikfB;ksa dh enn ls nksgk iwjk dhft,µ

------------------------------------------------------------------------
jljh vkor tkr rS] fly ij ijr fulkuAA

thou ewY;
● efgiky flag us vius thou esa vkbZ eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr dk lkeuk n`<+ fu'p; ls fd;k vkSj vius
vFkd iz;kl ls viuh fy[kkoV dks lqanj cuk;k rFkk lkIrkfgd v[+kckj fudkykA
1- vkidks efgiky flag osQ thou ls D;k izsj.kk feyrh gS\
2- vki vius thou esa vkbZ eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr dk lkeuk oSQls djsaxs\

9
oqQN djus osQ fy,
1- nSfud fganh lekpkj&i=kksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fdUgha rhu fganh lekpkj&pSuyksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- iqjkuh fganh v[+kckjksa esa ls viuh ilan osQ fo"k;] tSlsµfoKkiu] [ksy&lekpkj] euksjatu] dfork] flusek
vkfn osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh bdV~Bk djosQ mUgsa LozSQi cqd esa fpidkb,A d{kk esa vius nksLrksa dks bl
tkudkjh osQ ckjs esa crkb,A

10
 cjlrs ty osQ :i vusd
vkdk'k cknyksa ls <dk Fkk] BaMh&BaMh gok py
jgh FkhA ,sls lqgkous ekSle esa jk?ko] ijehr] ”ki+Qj
vkSj veu eSnku esa [ksy jgs FksA veu osQ nknkth
nwj ls cPpksa dks [ksyrs gq, ns[k jgs FksA os cgqr
çlUu Fks fd lHkh cPps vkil esa fey&tqydj
[ksy jgs gSaA xsan ls [ksyus dk flyflyk vHkh 'kq:
gh gqvk Fkk fd vpkud fctyh pedus yxhA
oqQN gh nsj esa ckny Hkh xjtus yxsA nknkth us gkFk
fgykrs gq, cPpksa dks okil vkus dk laosQr fn;kA
veu dh u”kj nknkth ij iM+hA mlus vius lkfFk;ksa
dks crk;k] ^^ns[kks! nknkth cqyk jgs gSaA** brus esa
jk?ko osQ xky ij oqQN ^Vi* ls fxjkA ^^vjs! ;g
xksyh&lk D;k gS\**
ckfj'k 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA nknkth ”kksj ls cksys]
^^cPpks! pyksA vksys iM+ jgs gSaA** veu] jk?ko]
ijehr vkSj ”ki+Qj flj ij gkFk j[ks veu osQ ?kj
dh vksj nkSM+ iM+sA
nknkth us p'ek mrkjk vkSj os ckgj cjkens
esa gh viuh vkjke oqQlhZ ij cSB x,A nknkth cksys] ^^cPpks! vkt cgqr fnu ckn vksys iM+s gSaA vPNk gqvk] rqe
lc pys vk,] ugha rks flj ij VikVi gksrhA** cPps nknkth dh ckr lqudj f[kyf[kykdj g¡l fn,A ns[krs&gh&
ns[krs cjkens osQ vkxs dk [kqyk LFkku vksyksa ls Hkj x;kA jk?ko us nknkth ls iwNk] ^^nknkth] ;s vksys D;k gksrs gSa\**
nknkth eqloqQjk, vkSj cksys] ^^cPpks! ok;qeaMy esa fon~;eku ty dh cw¡nsa >VosQ ls mNydj Åij pyh
tkrh gSaA Åij dh gok cgqr BaMh gksrh gSA ;s cw¡nsa ogha tedj vksys dk :i èkkj.k dj ysrh gSaA blh çdkj gok
osQ >ksaosQ bUgsa vkSj Åij mNky nsrs gSaA bu vksyksa osQ Åij ci+ZQ dh vkSj ijrsa te tkrh gSaA oqQN Hkkjh gksus ij ;s
'kCnkFkZ% fon~;ekuµmifLFkr

11
vksys uhps dh vksj fxjus yxrs gSaA** ^^okg! nknkth] eq>s rks ;g ekywe gh ugha FkkA** lHkh cPps cgqr [kq'k gq,A
nknkth us cPpksa ls iwNk] ^^D;k rqeus ^ikyk* iM+rk ns[kk gS\** ^^ikyk!** lHkh cPps ,d lkFk cksysA nknkth us
dgk] ^^ljfn;ksa esa rqeus ns[kk gksxk fd [ksrksa esa lqcg&lqcg ci+ZQ dh ,d pknj&lh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;gh ^ikyk*
gSA tc BaM vfèkd iM+us yxrh gS rc gok esa ekStwn Hkki te tkrh gS vkSj ci+ZQ dh pknj osQ :i esa fn[kkbZ iM+rh
gSA** ^^okg! nknkth] ;g Hkh ty dk gh ,d :i gSA** nknkth us le>k;k fd ty thou rks gS gh blosQ :i
Hkh vusd gSaA brus esa veu nknkth osQ fy, pk; ys vk;k vkSj nksLrksa osQ fy, xjek&xje idkSM+sA

pkjksa cPps [kq'k Fks D;ksafd nknkth osQ ikl muosQ cgqr&ls lokyksa osQ tokc FksA ijehr us dgk] ^^nknkth]
igkM+ksa ij tks ci+ZQ fxjrh gS mlosQ ckjs esa Hkh oqQN crkb,A** nknkth ;g lqudj eqloqQjk,A nknkth us dgk]
^^ijehr! igkM+ Å¡pkbZ ij gksrs gSa u] lks ogk¡ BaM Hkh vfèkd iM+rh gSA 'khr ½rq esa vkSj vfèkd BaM osQ dkj.k
ogk¡ osQ ok;qeaMy esa Hkki ci+ZQ osQ :i esa cny tkrh gSA ;gh ci+ZQ tc igkM+ksa ij cjlrh gS rks bls ^fgeikr*
dgrs gSaA** vc vksys iM+uk can gks x;k FkkA gYdh iqQgkjsa&lh iM+ jgh FkhaA cPps ,sls lqgkous ekSle esa e”ks ls
idkSM+s [kk jgs Fks vkSj cwanksa dh rky osQ lax mudk eu&e;wj ukp jgk FkkA
µf'ko'kadj

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 vH;kl

ikB esa ls
1- nknkth us gkFk fgykrs gq, cPpksa dks okil vkus dk laosQr D;ksa fn;k\
2- nknkth us ckfj'k dk vkuan oSQls fy;k\
3- ^ikyk* D;k gksrk gS\
4- fgeikr dgk¡ vkSj dc gksrk gS\
5- uhps oqQN dFku fn, x, gSaA ikB osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k, fd ;s dFku fdlus dgs vkSj fdlls dgsµ
dFku fdlus dgk fdlls dgk
(d) ns[kks! nknkth cqyk jgs gSaA ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
([k) vkt cgqr fnu ckn vksys IkM+s gSaA ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
(x) ;s vksys D;k gksrs gSsa\ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
6- ikB osQ vk/kj ij uhps fn, x, fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ
(d) cPpks! pyksA ---------------------------- iM+ jgs gSaA
([k) brus esa jk?ko osQ xky ij oqQN ---------------------------- ls fxjkA
(x) oqQN gh nsj esa ckny Hkh ---------------------------- yxsA
(?k) gYdh ----------------------------&Lkh iM+ jgh FkhaA

ckrphr osQ fy,

1- vkidks dkSu&lk [ksy ilan gS\ bl [ksy dks vki fdlosQ@fduosQ lkFk [ksyuk ilan djsaxs\
2- vkidks lcls vPNk ekSle dkSu&lk yxrk gS vkSj D;ksa\
3- cjlkr gksus ij vki D;k&D;k djrs gSa\
4- vksyksa osQ cuus vkSj fxjus osQ ckjs esa nknkth us D;k crk;k\

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- vxj vki igkM+ksa ij ?kweus x, gSa vkSj vpkud fgeikr gks tkrk gS rks D;k gksxk\
2- o"kkZ u gksus ij D;k gksxk\
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Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- ikB esa vk, ^”kksj* rFkk ^ci+ZQ* 'kCnksa esa uqDrs okys v{kj ^”k* vkSj ^i+Q* dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
vc vki viuh vksj ls budk iz;ksx djosQ pkj&pkj 'kCn fyf[k,µ
”k µ -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------------------
i+Q µ -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------------------
2- nknkth us p'ek mrkjk vkSj os ckgj cjkens esa vkjke oqQlhZ ij cSB x,A bl okD; esa ^os*
loZuke ^nknkth* laKk osQ fy, vk;k gSA vc vki ikB esa ls dksbZ pkj loZuke 'kCn Nk¡Vdj
fyf[k,µ
(d) ------------------------------------------------ (x) ------------------------------------------------
([k) ------------------------------------------------ (?k) ------------------------------------------------
3- oqQN fnuksa ls ckny Nk, gq, gSaA exj ckfj'k ugha gks jgh gSA bl fo"k; ij fp=kk vkSj ekulh
osQ chp gksus okyh ckrphr dh dYiuk dhft, vkSj mUgas laokn osQ :i esa fyf[k,µ
fp=kk µ ekulh! yxrk gS] vkt ckfj'k ”k:j gksxhA
ekulh µ eq>s rks ,slk ugha yxrkA
fp=kk µ D;ksa\
ekulh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
fp=kk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
ekulh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
fp=kk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
ekulh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------

thou ewY;
● nknkth us le>k;k fd ty gh thou gS vkSj mlosQ oqQN :iksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh Hkh nhA
1- D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd ty gh thou gS\ D;ksa\
2- gesa ty dk laj{k.k oSQls djuk pkfg,\

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oqQN djus osQ fy,

1- rhu fnuksa dk fnYyh dk lcls vf/d vkSj lcls de rkieku dk C;kSjk fyf[k,µ
fnukad lcls vf/d rkieku lcls de rkieku

2- Ng ½rqvksa dh lwph rS;kj dhft,µ

------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------

3- fdlh ,d ½rq ij Ng&vkB iafDr;ksa dh Lojfpr dfork Hkh fyf[k,µ

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4- ty laj{k.k ij ,d Lyksxu cukdj d{kk esa yxkb,A

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