ILIGAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

SELF- LEARNING ACTIVITY

Q3Wk9DAY1 Illustrates the t-distribution (M11/12SP-IIIg-2) and 2. Interval Estimate – is an interval or range of values that we are
identifies percentiles using the t-table (M11/12SP-IIIg-5). willing to say with some degree of certainty, contains the
parameter being estimated. This degree of certainty is called
Specific Objectives for the Day: level of confidence or confidence coefficient, denoted by
1. Articulate the meaning of statistical inference; . We may obtain both one-sided and two-sided
interval estimates. Commonly used confidence coefficients
2. illustrates the t-distribution; and
are 90%, 95% and 99% where the corresponding level of
3. identifies percentiles using the t-table.
significance, 𝛼 is 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 respectively. A practical
interpretation of a 95% confidence interval for a parameter,
References: say population mean, means that we are 95% confident that
Statistics and Probability by Belecina, Baccay & Mateo and the interval computed from a random sample of size 𝑛 from a
Elementary Statistics (CSM-MSU-IIT normal population contains the population mean 𝜇.

Development of the Lesson:

EXAMPLE A. Read the following situation carefully. Then perform the
STATISTICAL INFERENCE: ESTIMATION appropriate operation to answer the questions:

1. Susan, a TLE researcher looked at the average time (in minutes) it

Definition: Statistical Inference is a procedure whereby inferences takes a random sample of customers to be served in a restaurant.
or conclusions about a population are made on the basis of From 40 customers, the following information was obtained. What
the results obtained from a sample drawn from that is the average wait time? _______________
population. 8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15
Statistical Inference may be divided into two major areas: 10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12
1. Estimation – the concern is on estimating unknown 15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8
population characteristics like the mean or proportion. a. What is the mean of the sample? __________________ minutes
2. Hypothesis Testing – the concern is whether to accept or b. This value is called ___________________________ of the population
reject a statement regarding a population characteristic. mean .
c. Based on the observation of the mean, would you patronize the
restaurant?
Solution:
ESTIMATES
Two Types of Estimates:
1. Point Estimates – a numerical value computed from
the data contained in a sample. It consists of a single
value of a statistic used as the best conjecture as to
what the corresponding population value or
parameter may be. In short, the means of the means
of the samples is equal to the population mean and 2. Mr. Santiago’s company sells bottled coconut juice. He claims that
also the point estimate of the population mean. An a bottle contains 500 ml of such juice. A consumer group wanted
estimator is a procedure or rule, usually expressed as a to know if his claim is true. They took six random samples of 10 such
mathematical formula, that tells how an estimate is bottles and obtained the capacity, in ml, of each bottle. The result
computed based on the measurements contained in is shown as follows:
a sample. Table A below shows some common point Sample 1 500 498 497 503 499 497 497 497 497 495
estimates and their corresponding estimator. Sample 2 500 500 495 494 498 500 500 500 500 497
Sample 3 497 497 502 496 497 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 4 501 495 500 497 497 500 500 495 497 497
Sample 5 502 497 497 499 496 497 497 499 500 500
Sample 6 496 497 496 495 497 497 500 500 496 497
Assuming that the measurements were carefully obtained and
that the only kind of error present is the sampling error, what is the
point estimate of the population mean? What is the standard
deviation? Interpret the results.
Note: Solution:
 A good estimator has the following properties:
o When the mean of a sample statistic from a large
number of different random sample equals the
true population parameter, then the sample
statistic is an unbiased estimate of the population
parameter.
o Across the many repeated samples, the estimates
are not very far from the true parameter value.
 Among the three measures of central value, the mean is
the most reliable measure of center. In a mean, any
change in a value affects the result. Means of samples
vary less than the median or the mode.
 Other than the mean, we also compute the standard
deviation to describe the dispersion of the scores
in a distribution. The standard deviation is the square
root of the variance.
 ILIGAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
SELF- LEARNING ACTIVITY

Answers of Evaluation H should be written on you

ANSWER SHEETS

3. Mr. Domingo conducted a survey among ten random

samples of people who are in favor of truck ban in a section
of a metropolitan area. He determined the percentages of
those who are in favor of the ban. Assuming that the only error
present is the sampling error, he wanted to determine the
point estimate of the population mean percentage and the
standard deviation based on 500 observations. The following
numbers represent the percentages of the ten surveys.
47.0 56.4 50.1 60.2 48.0 55.3
60.0 59.9 63.0 57.5
Solution:

Evaluation H:
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct information to make
meaningful statements.
1. A _________________________ is a single value used to
estimate a population parameter.
2. A range of values called ____________________ is also
used to estimate a population parameter.
3. Among the three values of central tendency, the
best estimator of the population parameter
is the __________________.
4. A good estimator has no ________________________.
5. To obtain a mean from a sample, the sum of the
sample values is divided by ___________________.
6. The standard deviation is a measure of
___________________.

II. Find (a) the point estimate of the population parameter ,

and the (b) standard deviation for the set of data below.
Note: Answers like values are to be expressed in four
decimal places.
Scores in a long test in Statistics
78 75 86 82 70 85 83 86
80 92 82 85 80 88 84 86
90 88 90 78 83 90 86 84
75 85 77 88 85 90 85 83
83 86 83 84 86 92 85 80
76 88 79 84 80 88 80 88