HYPOTHESIS

• A hypothesis is specific statement of prediction for

an observable phenomenon and it is Formulated
for empirical testing.
• Hypothesis is a tentative solution /explanation /a
guess / Assumption /statement to the problem
facing the researcher. Hypothesis may or may not
real Solution or finding to the problem.
• Example: - students from IIMs are placed faster
than other B Schools.

STAGES IN HYPOTHESIS
1. Feeling/finding the problem
2. Formulation of hypothesis
3. Deductive development of hypothesis using
deductive reasoning
4. Verification/testing of the hypothesis.

QUALITIES OF A GOOD HYPOTHESIS

1. Should be Empirically verifiable
2. Should be Relevant
3. It must have Predictive and explanatory power
4. It must furnish a base for inference
 5. Should be consistent with the established
knowledge.
6. Should be simple,clear,definite and certain
7. Must be amenable (suitable) to available
techniques of analysis.

TESTING / VERIFICATION OF HYPOTHESIS

• Verification means testing of the truth of the
hypothesis in the light of fact.
• Testing is used to accept or reject the hypothesis
using a sample from the distribution.
• If the hypothesis agrees with the facts, it is said to
be true and may be accepted as Explanation of
the facts.
• If it disagrees, it is said to be false hypothesis and
it should be rejected or modified.
• Testing is done by using statistical methods.
• The null hypothesis(base /exact hypothesis)(H0)is
compared with alternative hypothesis(H1)
PROCEDURE /STEPS/PHASES OF TESTING OF
HYPOTHESIS
1. Select a sample and collect the data
2. Convert the variables/attributes into statistical
form such as mean, Standard deviation Etc.
3. Formulate hypothesis
4. Select appropriate test for data- t-test,f-test,etc
5. Perform computations.
6. Draw inferences of accepting or rejecting the null
hypothesis

TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
1. Descriptive hypothesis – describes some
characters of an object, situation, etc
E.g.:- there is less industry-institution interaction
in our country
2. Relational hypothesis – describes the
relationship between two variables
E.g.: - more cohesive the group, better is the
output
3. Working hypothesis- framed in the early stages
of research. It may be altered or modified as
Investigation proceeds
E.g.:- as of now “demand and quality are related”.
Later this may be replaced as investigation
Proceeds
4. Null hypothesis- it states that there is no
difference between the parameter and statistic
that is Being compared.
E.g.:-there is no relationship between academic
excellence and success in business field.
5. Analytical hypothesis- specifies the relationship
between changes in one property leading
toChange in another.
E.g.:- income level related to number of children in
family
6. Statistical hypothesis- these are developed from
samples that are measurable.
A) Hypothesis which indicates difference.
E.g.:- there is difference between the performance
of executives in public sector and Private sector.
B) Hypothesis which indicates association
E.g.:- there is a perfect relationship between price
and demand
7. Common sense hypothesis – based on what is
being observed.
E.g.:- urban labourers are better paid than rural
labourers