Questions

Q1.

When ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas mix, they react together to form a white solid
called ammonium chloride.

The equation for the reaction is:

NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)

A cotton wool pad was soaked in ammonia solution and another was soaked in hydrogen chloride
solution. The two pads were then put into opposite ends of a dry glass tube at the same time.

After five minutes, a white ring of solid ammonium chloride formed.

(a) (i) What name is given to the movement of the two gases?

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(ii) Identify which gas is moving faster and give a reason for your choice.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(b) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature.

State and explain how this change would affect the time taken for the white ring to form.

(3)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(c) Gas particles move at a speed of several hundred metres per second at room temperature.

Suggest one reason why it took five minutes for the white ring to form.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(Total for Question = 6 marks)

Q2.

Atoms contain three different types of particle.

These are electrons, neutrons and protons.

(a) Which one of the three particles has a negative charge?

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(b) Which one of the three particles has the smallest mass?

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(c) Use words from the box to complete the sentences below.

Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(i) Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of

.................................................................... and ....................................................................

(1)

(ii) Isotopes are atoms with the same number of ....................................................................

but different numbers of .................................................................... in the nucleus.

(2)

(d) An atom of magnesium can be represented by the symbol

Use numbers to complete these statements about this atom.

(i) The atomic number of this atom is ................................

(1)

(ii) The mass number of this atom is ................................

(1)

(iii) The electronic configuration of this atom is ................................

(1)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q3.

The table shows the numbers of particles in two atoms, L and M.

(a) Which particles are present in the nuclei of both atoms?

(1)

A electrons and neutrons

 B electrons and protons

C neutrons and protons

D neutrons, protons and electrons

(b) (i) The atomic number of atom L is ............................

(1)

(ii) The mass number of atom L is ............................

(1)

(c) Atoms L and M are neutral because

(1)

A the numbers of electrons and neutrons are equal

B the numbers of electrons and protons are equal

C the numbers of neutrons and protons are equal

D the numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons are equal

(d) Use information from the table to explain why atoms L and M are isotopes of the same
element.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(e) The electronic configuration of atom M is

(1)

A 2.2.2

B 2.4

C 2.4.6

D 4.2

(Total for Question = 7 marks)

Q4.

(a) Complete the table to show the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, a neutron and
an electron.

(4)

(b) The symbol for an atom of one isotope of hydrogen is

(i) State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in one atom of this isotope.

(2)

Number of protons ................................................................

Number of neutrons ................................................................

Number of electron ................................................................

(ii) What is meant by the term isotopes?

(2)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(c) Bromine has two naturally-occurring isotopes with mass numbers 79 and 81.
A sample of bromine contained the two isotopes in the following proportions:

bromine-79 = 50.7% and bromine-81 = 49.3%

Use this information to calculate the relative atomic mass of bromine.

Give your answer to two decimal places.

(2)

(Total for Question = 10 marks)

Q5.

A student produces this chromatogram for four dyes, A, B, C and D.

(a) Put a cross ( ) in a box to indicate your answer.

(i) Which one of the dyes contains three colours?

(1)

(ii) Which one of the dyes contains one colour only?

(1)

(b) Each dye is made from one or more of the colours blue, red and yellow.

The student thinks that the result for one dye is incorrect.

Suggest which result is incorrect. Explain your answer.

(2)
The incorrect result is

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

because

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(Total for Question = 4 marks)

Q6.

Four separate food dyes (C, D, E and F) and a mixture of food dyes (X) were
investigated using paper chromatography. The diagram shows the apparatus used.

(a) Why should the water level be below the food dyes?

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................
(b) During the experiment the water rises up the paper. The experiment is stopped just
before the water reaches the top of the paper.

The diagram shows the paper after it has been removed from the beaker and dried.

(i) Which of the food dyes C, D, E and F does X contain?

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(ii) Suggest why food dye F did not move up the paper during the experiment.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(c) Each food dye has an Rf value that can be calculated using this expression:

Record the distances for food dye D in the table below and calculate its
Rf value.

(3)
 (Total for question = 6 marks)

Q7.

The table shows the names of some common pieces of laboratory apparatus used to make
measurements.

(a) Complete the table to show the name of the quantity that can be measured by each piece of
apparatus, and a common unit used for that quantity. One example of each has been done for
you.

(6)

(b) Which piece of apparatus is needed to make measurements in a paper chromatography

experiment?

(1)

A balance

B gas syringe

C ruler

D stop clock

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q8.

Hydrated copper(II) sulfate is a soluble blue solid. A large crystal of this solid is placed at the
bottom of a beaker of water.

The diagram shows the beaker immediately after placing the crystal in it, and after two days.

(a) After two days, the crystal becomes smaller and the liquid near the bottom of the beaker
becomes blue.

Which statement explains these observations?

(1)

A the crystal dissolves

B the crystal freezes

C the crystal melts

D the crystal sublimes

(b) After two weeks, the crystal has disappeared.

Which statement best describes the appearance of the liquid in the beaker after two weeks?

(1)

A it is all blue

B it is all brown

C only the lower part is blue

D only the upper part is blue

(c) The formula of the compound in the crystal is CuSO4.5H2O

(i) How many different elements are shown in the formula?

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) How many atoms are shown in the formula?

 (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q9.

Use the Periodic Table on page 2 to help you answer this question.

Give the name or symbol of

(a) the element in group 3 and period 4.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(b) an element in period 3 that is a good conductor of electricity.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(c) the element in group 7 that is the most reactive.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(d) the element in group 5 that is present in a molecule of ammonia.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(e) an element with an atom containing 8 electrons in its outer shell.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(Total for Question = 5 marks)

Q10.

A student was asked to find the mass of salt dissolved in 100 cm3 of sea water.

She was given the following instructions.

Step A Weigh an empty evaporating basin

Step B Transfer 50 cm3 of sea water into the basin

Step C Heat the sea water in the basin until all the water has evaporated

Step D Allow the basin and residue to cool

Step E Weigh the basin and residue of salt

(a) During the experiment, the student used several pieces of apparatus.
Some of them are shown in the table.

Complete the table.

(6)
(b) State, with a reason, one safety precaution that the student should take when doing this
experiment.

(2)

Precaution

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

Reason

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(c) The student obtained the following results.

mass of basin and salt (step E) = 81.50 g

mass of empty basin (step A) = 78.60 g

Calculate the mass of salt dissolved in 100 cm3 of sea water.

(1)

Mass of salt = .................................................... g

(Total for Question = 9 marks)

Q11.

The box shows some methods that can be used in separating mixtures.

From the box, select the best method for each of the separations.

You may use each method once, more than once or not at all.

(a) Removing sand from a mixture of sand and water.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................
(b) Obtaining pure water from a salt solution.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(c) Extracting the red dye from a sample of rose petals.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(d) Separating the coloured dyes in a sample of green ink.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(e) Obtaining ethanol (alcohol) from a mixture of ethanol and water.

(1)

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................

(Total for Question = 5 marks)

Q12.

Rock salt is a mixture of salt and sand. Crystals of pure salt can be obtained from rock salt by
using the method below.

Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.

(5)

Grind the rock salt into a fine powder.

Add the powder to hot water and stir to .............................................................................

the salt.

Filter the mixture. The salt ............................................................................. passes

through the filter paper leaving behind the sand.

Boil the filtrate to ............................................................................. some of the water.

 Leave the saturated solution to cool so that
............................................................................. of salt form.

Finally, ............................................................................. the cold mixture to separate the

crystals from the remaining solution.

(Total for Question = 5 marks)

Q13.

(a) The list shows some techniques used to separate mixtures.

A crystallisation

B filtration

C fractional distillation

D paper chromatography

E simple distillation

Complete the table to show the best method of obtaining each substance from the mixture.

In each case, choose one of the letters A, B, C, D or E. Each letter may be used once, more than
once or not at all.

(4)

(b) Gold occurs in ores, which are mixtures of gold and other substances. Several elements and
compounds are used in
the extraction of gold from its ores.

Each box below represents the substances present in one part of the extraction process.

Classify the contents of each box as a compound, an element or a mixture by writing your choice
below each box.

(3)
 (Total for Question = 7 marks)

Q14.

The compound with the formula H2O can exist in three states of matter. The names of these
three states are shown in the boxes.

The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent changes of state.

(a) The particles of H2O are arranged differently in each state.

(i) In which state are the particles furthest apart?

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) In which state do the particles have the least energy?

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) In which state are the particles arranged in a regular pattern?

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) (i) Change of state 1 is called

(1)

A boiling
 B condensing

C freezing

D melting

(ii) Change of state 4 is called

(1)

A boiling

B condensing

C freezing

D melting

(c) The term sublimation is also used for a change of state.

Sublimation is the change of state from

(1)

A solid to liquid

B liquid to gas

C gas to liquid

D solid to gas

(d) Heat energy is released when steam changes to water.

(i) What term is used to describe this type of energy change?

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Write an equation, including state symbols, for the change of state from steam to water.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q15.
When a liquid evaporates at room temperature, it changes into a gas.

The diagram shows the arrangement of the particles in a liquid.

(a) Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of four particles in a gas.

(1)

(b) Describe the movement of particles in a gas.

(1)

(c) Explain why heating a liquid causes it to evaporate more quickly.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Mark Scheme

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.

Q4.
Q5.
Q6.

Q7.
Q8.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.

Q13.

Q14.
Q15.
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)