ROMAN CIVILIZATION

Gazettes newspaper
A gazette is a type of newspaper or official publication that typically contains government notices, legal
announcements, and public information of a formal or official nature. Gazettes are often used to publish
various government proceedings, such as new laws, regulations, public appointments, and official
notices.

these gazettes were engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed

The content of a gazette can vary depending on the country and its specific purposes, but it is generally
used as a means of disseminating important information to the public in an official and authoritative
manner. Many governments around the world have their own official gazettes, and they serve as a
source of legal and administrative information for citizens, businesses, and legal professionals.

In summary, ang gazette newspaper is a publication used by thier governments sa una to communicate
official information and notices to the public.

Bound book or codex

A bound book or codex is a book format that consists of a set of written or printed pages that are
securely fastened together along one edge, typically by sewing or gluing. This format is distinct from
older forms of books like scrolls. The codex format is what most modern books are made of, and it allows
for easier reading and reference compared to scrolls, as pages can be easily turned, and specific sections
can be located more efficiently.

(Most codices, like modern books, are formed from multiple quires bound together side-by-side)

Roman Architecture
Roman architecture refers to the architectural style and building techniques that were prominent in
ancient Rome. It encompasses a wide range of structures built over several centuries, from the founding
of Rome in 753 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. Roman architecture
had a profound and lasting influence on Western architecture and has been a source of inspiration for
many architectural movements throughout history.

Ang Roman architecture nag evolved over time, with different styles and influences depending on the
period and location within the vast Roman Empire. It left a lasting legacy in the development of
architecture in Europe and beyond, with elements of Roman design continuing to influence buildings and
monuments in the modern world.
Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and were used throughout the
Roman Empire. They are a system of representing numbers using a combination of letters from the Latin
alphabet. Unlike the decimal system we use today, which is based on powers of ten (1, 10, 100, etc.),
Roman numerals use specific letters to represent different values.

Roman numerals are often used for specific purposes, such as numbering the chapters or sections of
books, denoting the names of monarchs (e.g., Henry VIII), indicating the copyright dates of older works,
and for various decorative and traditional purposes. Bisag dili nani sya commonly used for mathematical
calculations( today) karon, they still have cultural and historical significance.

CHINESE CIVILIZATION

Silk
Silk quickly became a highly prized commodity, and the secret of silk production
was closely guarded by the Chinese for centuries. It was not only used for clothing
but also for various other purposes, (kaning) such as writing materials (silk scrolls),
artistic works, and even as a form of currency
Silk remains an important symbol of China's cultural heritage, and the art of silk
production and weaving continues to be practiced to this day.
Cultural, commercial, and technological exchanges were made possible through
China's opening to the global community through the silk trade.

Tea production
A wheel-based mechanism with sharp edges that was attached to a wooden or ceramic pot was used to
create this machine. The Chinese were able to expand their tea production and trade with other
countries as a result of this type of technology.

Ang China is credited with developing various types of tea, including green, black, white, oolong, and pu-
erh. Each type of tea undergoes specific processing methods that give it unique flavors and
characteristics.

Tea has had a profound influence on Chinese culture, impacting various aspects of life. Ginagamit ni siya
sa una as traditional Chinese medicine for its health benefits, served in elaborate tea ceremonies, and
played a role in social and philosophical gatherings.
Great Wall of China
It was built to guard China's borders and deter foreign invaders. It served as a demonstration of the
scope of Chinese engineering technology at the time and was constructed using stone, brick, wood, dirt,
and other materials.

It served as their nation's pride and crowning achievement. Ang Great Wall is still standing today, despite
sa uban portions na being in ruins. due to its historical importance and architectural beauty, to be a
popular tourist destination.

Gunpowder
Gunpowder, also known as black powder, is a significant invention with its origins in Chinese civilization.
Ironically, gunpowder is commonly used to move bullets from firearms and cannons, which result in
countless deaths rather than extending life. In fact, criminals who intend to attack from a distance
choose gunpowder-propelled weapons.

The discovery and development of gunpowder in ancient China revolutionized warfare and had far-
reaching effects on science, technology, and culture worldwide. It remains a testament to the innovative
spirit of Chinese civilization