2020-21 Fall A2 Compulsory Writing Pack

A2 LEVEL WRITING Fall 2020
Compulsory Writing Pack
A2 LEVEL
WRITING
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FALL 2020
WEEK 1. INTRODUCE YOURSELF..........................................................................................................................................................
1
SENTENCE STRUCTURE..................................................................................................................................................................................
SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT 1......................................................................................................................................................................
WEEK 2. WRITING ABOUT YOUR DAY................................................................................................................................................ 10
BEFORE AND AFTER..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
TIME-ORDER SIGNAL WORDS......................................................................................................................................................................12
SENTENCE TYPES IN ENGLISH 1................................................................................................................................................................... 14
WEEK 3. DESCRIBING PEOPLE............................................................................................................................................................ 18
SENTENCE TYPES IN ENGLISH 2................................................................................................................................................................... 20
WEEK 4. WRITING A NARRATIVE....................................................................................................................................................... 27
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS.................................................................................................................................................................... 29
SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT 2.................................................................................................................................................................... 31
PARALELLISM............................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
WEEK 5. WRITING ABOUT PLACES..................................................................................................................................................... 37
TRANSITION SIGNALS.................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
WEEK 6 & 7. PARAGRAPH WRITING.................................................................................................................................................. 44
TOPIC SENTENCE......................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
SUPPORTING IDEAS..................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
PARAGRAPH UNITY......................................................................................................................................................................................49
CONCLUDING SENTENCE............................................................................................................................................................................. 50
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WEEK 1. INTRODUCE YOURSELF

SENTENCE STRUCTURE
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete idea. A sentence always has a subject and a verb.
Look at the subjects and verbs in these sentences.
Hiro plays the guitar.
SUBJECT VERB
He loves music.
SUBJECT VERB
Exercise 1: Work alone or with a partner. Circle the verb in each sentence. Write “V” above it.
Then, underline the subject of that verb. Write S above it.
S V
1. Ahmet drives a taxi.
2. Lucia rides the bus.
3. Mr. Parker speaks English.
4. A photographer takes pictures.
5. Fish swim in the ocean.
6. The sun sets in the evening.
7. I drink tea.
8. We go to the mall on Saturdays.
9. My friends watch soccer on TV.
10. Chocolate tastes good.
Exercise 2: Write meaningful sentences. Don’t forget to make changes if necessary.

1. do / bus driver / a / drive / not / race cars
__________________________________________________________________________.
2. children / in / morning / school / the / go / to
__________________________________________________________________________.
3.do / sister / downtown / not /work / my
__________________________________________________________________________.
4. at / dinner / he / night / eat
__________________________________________________________________________.
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5. bake /she / cakes / the / weekend / at
__________________________________________________________________________.
6. have / Wednesday / we / on /classes / afternoons
__________________________________________________________________________.
7. go / at / he / to work / 7 am
__________________________________________________________________________.
8. in / she / homework / evening / do / the / her
__________________________________________________________________________.
9. famous / Kahramanmaraş / for / is / ice-cream / its
__________________________________________________________________________.
10. are / seven / rainbow / there/ colours / in / a
__________________________________________________________________________.
Exercise 3: Talk to your partner and write five simple sentences with him/her.
1. This school _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. My chair ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. In the evening, I _____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Istanbul ____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. There are ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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WRITING A PARAGRAPH ABOUT YOURSELF (80-100 Words)

Pre-writing
Look at the information in the
boxes and try to think of some
question forms (Yes/No/Wh-)
for the given sentences.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Writing: Answer these questions about yourself and complete sentences.

1. What is your full name?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Where are you from?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Where do you live now?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What language(s) do you speak?

_____________________________________________________________________
5. What do you do? (For example, are you a student? Are you a businessperson? Are you a teacher?
Homemaker? Lawyer? Bus driver?)
_____________________________________________________________________
6. What do you like doing in your free time? (For example, do you like going to the movies? Do you like
reading magazines? Do you like listening to music? Do you like going shopping?)
_____________________________________________________________________
7. What else do you like doing?
_____________________________________________________________________
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Remember!
Step 1: Pre-writing
Pre-writing is anything you do before you write your
paragraph. It includes thinking, taking notes, talking to
other people, and gathering information.
Step 2: Writing
Writing is putting your ideas into sentences and paragraphs.
Step 3: Revising
Revising is looking for ways to improve your paragraph.
When you are revising, you can make corrections and
changes to your work.
Use the sentences you wrote to complete a paragraph about yourself. (80-100 Words)
My name is _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT 1

The basic principle of subject-verb agreement is that if the subject is singular, the verb should be singular,
and if the subject is plural, the verb should be plural.
Examples:
• The little girl lives on Hudson Street.
subject verb
• The little girl in the blue and white sweater lives on Hudson Street.
subject verb
• The houses near the supermarket are not for sale.
subject verb
• There are five concerts at the amphitheatre this week.
verb subject
• Everybody likes pizza.
subject verb
• One of the students lives in Manisa.
subject verb
• Something smells strange in the fridge.
subject verb
• Rosa or Alicia is responsible.
subject verb
• The colour of these shoes is interesting.
subject verb
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Exercise 4: Fill in the blank with the correct from of the verb.
1. The computers near the teacher’s desk (be) __________________ broken.
2. There (be) ________________ two professors at this university.
3. Those three computer books on top of the bookshelf (belong) ________________ to me.
4. The price of those shoes (be) _______________ high.
5. Ayşe or Gamze (go) ________________ to school.
6. My lab teacher from Switzerland (speak) ________________ excellent Italian.
7. The laptop computer in the study lounge (have) _______________ a lot of memory.
Exercise 5: There are seven mistakes in subject-verb agreement in the following text. The numbers
beside each line tell you how many mistakes there are in those lines. Find and correct them.
1 My parents lives in New Mexico. They enjoy
living there for a number of reasons. First, the
1 weather is nice. The summer months is hot, but
there is little snow in the winter. New Mexico also has an interesting culture. Many types of
2 people live and works there. Everybody like New Mexicans.
2 My parents is very active, and New Mexico offer a lot of things to do. My father enjoys rock
1 climbing, and there are many places to practice this sport. My mother don’t like the beach, so
New Mexico is perfect for her because it’s a landlocked state. I love visiting them in New
Mexico. It is a lovely place to explore.
landlocked: surrounded by the land of other countries and having no coast
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ON YOUR OWN
 Using pre-writing questions to help you get started, you can write a paragraph about your
teacher or another one of your classmates.
 Think of someone you like or admire, such as a movie star, sports hero, or politician. Look
on the internet for information that will help you write a paragraph about that person.
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WEEK 2. WRITING ABOUT YOUR DAY

Exercise 1: The pictures show a typical day in the life of a man named Roberto Trevino. Find the
sentence that matches each picture. Write the letter of the sentence under the correct picture.
a. Roberto teaches from 8:30 am to 3:30 pm.

b. He wakes up at 7:00 am to eat breakfast and get dressed.
c. Finally, Roberto goes to bed at midnight.
d. Then he takes the 7:45 am train to the school.
e. At 6:00 pm, he eats dinner with his wife.
f. He takes the train back home at 4:00 pm.
g. He plays the saxophone from 8:00 to 10:00 pm. Sometimes he sings, too.
h. At 7:30 pm, he arrives at The Jazz Club.
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Exercise 2: Read the paragraphs and answer the following questions.

My Morning Routine
It is easy for me to get ready for the day. I get up at 8:30 am. I wash my face and brush my teeth. I put
on my clothes. Then I put my books in my backpack. I leave my room at 8:45 am. I walk to Kerry Hall. My
first class is from 9:00 to 9:50 am. After class, I am very hungry. I go to the dining hall for a big breakfast.
That is my morning routine.
1. Which word describes the writer’s morning routine? Circle it: (busy / easy / hungry)
2. How much time does the writer need before class each day?
3. Where do you think the writer lives? …………………………………………………
4. Write the verbs the writer uses:
a. It …………………. easy for me to get ready for the day.
b. I ………………….. at 8:30 am.
c. I ………………….. my clothes.
d. My first class ………………….. from 9:00 to 9:50 am.
e. After class, I …………………. very hungry.
f. That …………………. my morning routine.
5. Write the words the writer uses to show time:

a. I get up ………………… 8:30 am.
b. My first class is ………………… 9:00 ………………. 9:50 am.
c. …………………. class, I am very hungry.
BEFORE AND AFTER

You can combine sentences with before and after to show time order. Notice that we use a comma when
we start a sentence with Before or After.
Study the chart to learn how to combine these two sentences:
First, I brush my teeth. Then, I go to bed.
TIME WORDS EXAMPLES
before Before I go to bed, I brush my teeth.
I brush my teeth before I go to bed.
after After I brush my teeth, I go to bed.
I go to bed after I brush my teeth.
Exercise 3: Combine the pairs of sentences using before. Use a comma when necessary.
1. First, I wash my hands. Then, I eat dinner.
I wash my hands before I eat dinner.
2. First, I do my homework. Then, I watch TV.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. First, I go to the gym. Then, I do my homework.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. First, I eat breakfast. Then, I read the newspaper.
_____________________________________________________________________
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Exercise 4: Combine the pairs of sentences using after. Use a comma when necessary.
1. First, I get home from work. Then, I take my dog for a walk.
__________________________________________________________________
2. First, I eat dinner. Then, I wash the dishes.
__________________________________________________________________
3. First, I get to school. Then, I have coffee with my friends.
__________________________________________________________________
4. First, I read my son a story. Then, I put him to bed.
__________________________________________________________________
TIME-ORDER SIGNAL WORDS

after that first of all second
finally later then
first next third
after breakfast after school before work

in the morning in the afternoon in the evening
Exercise 5: Underline the six time-order words in this paragraph. The first one is underlined.
Luis and Ada have a daily routine at their that, they open for business. Luis begins
bookstore. They always get to the store at working with customers in the store, and
8:30 am. First, Luis unlocks the door and Ada works on the computer. Later, they
turns on the lights. Next, he turns on the change places. They clean the store
coffeemaker, and Ada starts up the together at the end of the day. Finally,
computer. Then they put new books on they close up and go home.
the shelves and in the store window. After
Exercise 6: Work alone or with a partner. Add the words in the box to the paragraph below.
There is more than one correct answer in some cases.
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After Later First Finally Next Then
Sunday is a relaxing day for George. He gets up at 9:30 or 10:00 in the morning. (1) First, he
takes a shower. (2)_____________, he has breakfast. (3) _____________ he reads the newspaper. (4)
_____________ that, he washes his car. In the afternoon, he watches his favourite TV show, Sports
World. (5) ____________, he orders pizza for supper. In the evening, he calls his mother and his
brothers. (6) ___________, he gets into bed and reads. After a beautiful Sunday, he is ready for the
new week.
Exercise 7: Number the sentences in order by time and make a logical story.
_____ First, she changes her clothes.
__1__ Eva likes spending quiet evenings at home.
_____ She eats her dinner and reads the newspaper.
_____ She usually gets home from work at 5:45 pm.
_____ Finally, she sits down to watch TV.
_____ After dinner, she does the dishes.
_____ Then she goes to the kitchen and makes dinner.
WRITING ABOUT YOUR WEEKDAY

Pre-writing
A. Make a list of the things you do on a typical weekday.
………………………………….. …………………………………
………………………………….. …………………………………
………………………………….. …………………………………
………………………………….. …………………………………
B. Talk to a partner. Ask and answer questions about your typical weekday. Use the list to describe your
typical day. (80-100 Words)
WEEKDAY ACTIVITIES WORD BANK
brush my teeth get ready for bed make the bed

check my e-mail get up / wake up put on makeup
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do homework go to bed read the

newspaper
do the dishes go to school / work shave
get dressed take a shower/bath do sports/
work out
make (eat/have) breakfast / lunch/ dinner
SENTENCE TYPES IN ENGLISH 1
There are four kinds of sentences in English.
1. THE SIMPLE SENTENCE

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT OTHER INFORMATION
Maria plays the piano well.
She practices for three hours.
Maria goes to piano class everyday.
I enjoy writing.
My brother works at a bank.
Mike leaves home early.
My writing is good.
A simple sentence may have more than one subject.

Lola and Tony drove home.
My father, mother and sister came to the school play.
Exercise 8: Exercise 1: Underline the verbs and write V above them. Circle the subjects and write S
above them as in the example.
S S V
1. Red and blue are my favourite colours.

2. The sky and the ocean are blue.
3. The colour blue seems peaceful.
4. Both men and women usually like blue.
5. Red is a strong and exciting colour.
6. In China, red means ‘happiness’.
7. Red and blue are two of the primary colours.
8. The other primary colour is yellow.
9. The secondary colours are orange, green, and purple.
10. Rainbows have all the primary and secondary colours.
A simple sentence may have more than one verb.

Mark and Sophia get up early and go to school.
My father and mother come home together and make dinner.
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A simple sentence may have several subjects and verbs.

Ali, Mehmet and Samet leave home at the same time, take the same bus to school and attend
the same classes.
Exercise 9: Find the verbs and write V above them. Find the subjects and write S above them as
in the example.
S V V
1. Minja exercises and eats healthy food.
2. She takes vitamins and does not smoke.
3. She eats fresh vegetables and avoids fast food.
4. Her parents and her brother also eat well and exercise.
5. Minja and her brother work out or swim six days a week.
Remember!
1 subject + 1 verb Emi loves music.
2 subjects + 1 verb Emi and her friends love music.
1 subject + 2 verbs They listen to music and watch music videos.
2 subjects + 2 verbs She and her friends love music and often go to concerts.
Exercise 10
A. Write two sentences, each with a single subject and verb.
1.______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
B. Write two sentences, each with a single subject and a double verb.
1._______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
C. Write two sentences, each with a double subject and a single verb.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
NOTE: In each case, underline the subject and circle the verb.
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Exercise 11: Write similar simple sentence(s) to the ones given. Write them in the lines provided.
Underline the subject.
1. Learning English is easy. Reading books is fun.
subject (verb-ing) subject (verb-ing)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. It is important to eat healthy food. It is easy to learn a foreign language.
subject subject
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3.Some people like living alone. A half of the students passed the exam
subject with a quantifier (some) subject with a quantifier (a half of)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Young boys are usually very active. Private schools are expensive.
subject with an adjective (young) subject with an adjective (private)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Children with disabilities need special education. The boy at the bus- stop is smoking.
Subject with a prepositional phrase Subject with a prepositional phrase
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 12: Match the words with the phrases in the box. Use each phrase only once.
A. speaking B. with a high IQ C. in Africa
D. on the shelf E. studying F. in the boat G. learning
1. e.g. book ____on the shelf____

2. _____________ English
3. man _______________
4. ______________ abroad
5. students ______________
6. ______________ vocabulary
7. countries _____________
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Exercise 13: Now, use the matched phrases as subjects and make sentences.
1. __e.g._________The book on the shelf_is about Turkish History.___________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Writing: Talk to your partner, get the necessary information and write about a day of his/her. (80-100 Words)
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WEEK 3. DESCRIBING PEOPLE

Exercise 1: Look at the pictures of people waiting for a train. Match each person to the description.
Write the correct letter under each picture.
a. Mr. Wilcox is a tall, thin middle-aged man. He is bald and has a black mustache.
He wears big glasses. He is wearing a blue jacket and a striped tie. He is carrying a briefcase.
He is reading a train schedule.
b. Sally is a young woman of average height. She has long, straight blond hair and a beautiful smile.
She is wearing a plaid coat and leather boots. She is carrying her laptop in a shoulder bag.
She is talking on a cell phone.
c. Dennis is a short young man with a round face and curly red hair. He has big green eyes and freckles.
He is wearing his favorite T-shirt and sweatpants. He is carrying a backpack.
d. Tom is a good-looking teenager. He is average height and weight. He has straight black hair and brown
eyes. He is wearing a sweatshirt pants. He is also wearing a baseball cap and a new pair of white sneakers.
He is listening to an iPod.
e. Juanita is an attractive woman. She has long, wavy brown hair and big beautiful eyes. Today her hair
is in a ponytail. She is wearing a grey pantsuit and a black turtleneck. She's also wearing a silver necklace
and long earrings.
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS WORD BANK

HAIR: black, blond, brown, dark, red, white, grey, fair, wavy, curly,
straight, thick, thin, shiny, short, shoulder-length, long, ponytail, braids,
bald
EYES: blue, brown, dark, green, hazel, grey, black, narrow, oval, round,
big, small
BUILD: average, medium, heavy, strong, small, stocky, thin, slim, skinny,
plump, well-built, fat, overweight, obese
FACE: beard, moustache, wrinkles, freckles, mole, heart-shaped, oval,
round, square
AGE: young, teenage, middle-aged, old, in his/her 20s/30s/40s
HEIGHT: short, average, tall
CLOTHING AND PERSONAL ITEMS WORD BANK

Clothes Jewelry Footwear Accessories
blazer bracelet boots hat
pants earrings sandals baseball cap
shorts necklace shoes tie
vest ring trainers bow tie
sweatshirt piercing sneakers belt
sweatpants socks coat
turtleneck high- glasses
heeled
shirt/blouse gloves
shoes
dress jeans purse/handbag
dress backpack
suit scarf
sweater umbrella
skirt watch
T-shirt
DESCRIBING YOURSELF
Pre-writing
Answer these questions about yourself.
1. What colour eyes do you have? _________________________________________
2. What colour hair do you have? _________________________________________
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3. What length is your hair? ______________________________________________

4. Are you tall, short, or average height? ____________________________________
5. What are you wearing? ________________________________________________
6. What else are you wearing? ____________________________________________
7. What kind of shoes are you wearing? ____________________________________
Writing (80-100 Words)

A. Use the answers to the pre-writing questions to write a physical description of yourself on a separate
piece of paper. Do not put your name on the paper. Fold your paper in half and give it to your
teacher. Your teacher will give your paper to another student who will try to guess who wrote the
description.
My name is
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
SENTENCE TYPES IN ENGLISH 2
There are four kinds of sentences in English.
2. THE COMPOUND SENTENCE

Simple Versus Compound Sentences
There are four patterns of simple sentences. Each pattern has one subject-verb combination.
1 subject + 1 verb Emi loves music.
2 subjects + 1 verb Emi and her friends love music.
1 subject + 2 verbs They listen to music and watch music videos.
2 subjects + 2 verbs She and her friends love music and often go to concerts.
A compound sentence is another kind of sentence. It has two subject-verb combinations, as in the example:
1 2
Emi loves music, and her friends love music, too.
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To make a compound sentence, connect two simple sentences. Put a comma after the first simple sentence,
and then put a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or so.
Exercise 2: Read the following texts. Highlight the differences between them. Which one do you
think is more effective? Why?
Mike loves fishing. He goes to the lake very often. Mike loves fishing, so he goes to the lake very often, but
His girlfriend Liz does not like fishing. She finds his girlfriend Liz does not like fishing. She finds riding in
riding in the boat fun. They both like camping. It is the boat fun. They both like camping, for it is relaxing to
relaxing to sit around the campfire. Liz enjoys sit around the campfire. Liz enjoys cooking the fish, and
cooking the fish. She takes the responsibility for she takes the responsibility for packing the cooking
packing the cooking equipment. Cleaning fish is equipment. Cleaning fish is not her favourite activity, nor
not her favourite activity. She does not like the does she like the taste. She sometimes sits in the boat and
taste. She sometimes sits in the boat and reads. reads.
Exercise 3: Find the four compound sentences in the paragraph. In each one, mark the subjects S
and the verbs V. Also, circle the comma and coordinating conjunction. The first compound
sentence has been done for you.
S V
Climbing Mt. Kilimanjaro is difficult but it it possible. The mountain is 5,895 meters high,
S V
and snow covers the top of it. Climbers need warm clothes and good boots but no special climbing skills.
The trip is 50 to 60 miles long, and it usually takes several days. Problems can occur, so it is important to
go with a guide. (Your guide should be a person who knows the mountain well.) It is also important to be
healthy and in good physical condition. The climb is hard work, but the views from the top are wonderful.
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Exercise 4: Circle the correct coordinating conjunction.

1. It was a beautiful place, (and/nor) I was happy there.
2. Hee Eun did not study for the test, (but/so) she got a good grade.
3. I liked the movie, (or/but) I did not understand all of it.
4. First, I cleaned the kitchen, (and/for) then I cleaned the bathroom.
5. It rained all day, (but/so) they did not play baseball.
6. The music was great, (and/but) there was free food.
7. Their apartment building is nice, (but/so) that part of the city is not.
8. The shoes did not fit right, (but/so) I did not buy them.
Exercise 5: Combine each pair of simple sentences into a compound sentence.

Use the coordinating conjunction in parentheses as in the example.
1. Last year, my son was six years old. My daughter was four. (and)
Last year, my son was six years old, and my daughter was four.
2. One day, my children were at home. My friend’s little boy was there, too. (and)
__________________________________________________________________
3. The children were in the kitchen. I was not with them. (but)
__________________________________________________________________
4. My friend’s son picked up the phone. He called 911. (and)
__________________________________________________________________
5. Fran prefers to drive in the country. There is often less traffic there. (for)
__________________________________________________________________
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6. Nelly doesn’t like red shoes. She doesn’t like violet blouses. (nor)
__________________________________________________________________
7. Otto will eat lunch on campus. He will skip eating to study. (or)
__________________________________________________________________
8. Yelda knows the class time well. She frequently arrives late. (yet)
__________________________________________________________________
9. She did not contact us. She knew our phone number and address. (but)
__________________________________________________________________
10. She believed that we had an emergency. She sent the police to our house. (so)
__________________________________________________________________
11. There was no emergency. The police officers were angry. (so)
__________________________________________________________________
12. I was upset with the children. I had a serious talk with them. (so)
__________________________________________________________________
13. It was just a child’s mistake. I had to pay a $50 fine. (but)
__________________________________________________________________
14. I learned a lesson. The children did, too. (and)
__________________________________________________________________
15. I don’t like walking into a crowded restaurant by myself; I don’t like going to a party by myself. (nor)
__________________________________________________________________
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Exercise 6: Read the following sentences about transportation and pollution. Match the two
sentences to form a compound sentence.
__d_1. Motorcycles are less polluting than cars, a. but most people still prefer to use their own cars.
____ 2. Some people use public transportation, b. and this problem will continue to grow if
our leaders do no t start making changes.
____ 3.Automobiles create an enormous amount c. or do you drive your own car?
of pollution,
____ 4. Public buses are available in most major d. but they are also very dangerous.
cities,
____ 5. Pollution is a growing problem, e. so some people use them as often as possible.
____ 6. Bicycles do not cause pollution, f. but they are also very convenient.
____ 7. Do you use public transportation, g. but real solutions are not always simple.
____ 8. There are many theories on how to h. and these buses are often relatively inexpensive.
reduce pollution,
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DESCRIBING A PERSON YOU KNOW

Pre-writing
Think of a person you know well such as a friend, relative, neighbour, classmate, or teacher. Circle
some adjectives from the word bank that describe the person.
PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES WORD BANK
ambitious hardworking messy quiet shy

artistic energetic helpful neat responsible
boring enthusiastic honest optimistic pessimistic
brave friendly jealous organized sensitive
competitive funny kind patient serious
creative generous mean lazy social
talkative selfish
Make a Cluster Diagram

Clustering is one way to help you think of ideas to write about. It can help you see how your ideas are
connected. In a cluster diagram, you use circles and lines.
A. Look at the sample of clustering a student did before she wrote ‘An Organized Roommate.’
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B. Now make your own cluster diagram about the person you chose. Write the person’s name in the oval.
After you make your cluster diagram, you can see which ideas you want to include.
Writing: Use your cluster diagram and list to help you write a short paragraph about the person you
chose. Explain the reasons why you think this person has certain personality traits. (80-100 Words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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WEEK 4. WRITING A NARRATIVE

Exercise 1. Read the story below.
A Frightening Experience
Last week I had a frightening experience on an elevator. I was on my way to have dinner at my friend's
apartment. I got on the elevator in the lobby and pushed the button for the fifth floor. The elevator stopped
at the third floor and a couple got on with their baby. The woman pushed the button for the eighth floor, the
doors closed, and the elevator started to go up. A few seconds later, the elevator stopped suddenly. Then I
felt the elevator bounce up and down two times. We all looked at each other, and the baby began to cry. I
was very nervous. A few minutes later the elevator door opened. We were stuck between the third and fourth
floors. The third floor was about five feet down. Luckily, I had my cell phone with me, and I called my
friend. We waited in the elevator for about ten minutes, but it felt like ten hours. Finally, my friend brought-
a ladder to the third floor, and we all climbed out of the elevator safely. I was happy to be out of the
elevator, but my stomach hurt and I couldn't eat dinner.
a) Number the pictures so they tell the story in the correct time order.
27
Exercise 2: Work with a partner. Look at the four pictures. They tell a story about a John and Jill
who had a bad experience at a restaurant. The pictures are not in the correct order. Number the
pictures so they tell the story in a logical order.
a) Write a sentence or two for each picture. Tell what happened. Use the simple past.
Picture 1: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Picture 2: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Picture 3: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Picture 4: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b) Take turns telling the story to your partner. Use your sentences.
28
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Check the sentences with correlative conjunctions and tick the correct column.
CORRELATIVE EXAMPLE VERB
CONJUNCTION SINGULAR PLURAL
both……..and ………. Both John and Jill were excited to go out.

{John was excited to go out. √
Jill was excited to go out.}
not only …. but also Not only John but also Jill was ready to try something
new.
{John was ready to try something new.
Jill was ready to try something new}
Not only the restaurant but also the guests were very
exquisite.
{The restaurant was very exquisite.
The guests were very exquisite.}
either ………or ……….. Either John or Jill loves Italian food.
{John or Jill loves Italian food}
Either John or Jill’s friends like this restaurant
{John or Jill’s friends like this restaurant.}
neither …….nor ……… Neither Jill nor John was rich enough to pay.
{Jill wasn’t rich enough to pay.
John wasn’t rich enough to pay.}
Neither the waiter nor the couple were happy with the
solution.
{The waiter wasn’t happy with the solution.
The couple weren’t happy with the solution. }
RULES:
With the information from the chart above, complete the blanks with these words or phrases: positive, singular,
plural (2), plural form and singular form.
1.The subject closest to the verb determines the verb form. If the subject closest to the verb is____________,
the verb takes the_______________.
2.If the subject closest to the verb is _____________, the verb takes the________________.
3. In the case of the correlative conjunction both…..and, the verb is always ______________.
4. In the case of the correlative conjunction neither…. nor, the verb is always _____________, but the meaning
is negative.
More examples with correlative conjunctions
 We plan to go either to the Statue of Liberty or to the Metropolitan Museum.

 He is both intelligent and good-natured.
29
 He is neither rich nor famous.

 She is not only clever, but also hard-working.
 Sarah won awards not only in French class but also in Spanish.
 I not only lost the game but also hurt my leg.
 Most students like neither homework nor exams.
 Tonight's program is either Mozart or Beethoven.
 I neither want to clean my room nor desire to go shopping.
Exercise 3: Circle the both parts of the correlative conjunction in each sentence below and
underline the words or phrases it connects.
Basketball players need both ability and spirit.
1.She neither agreed nor disagreed.
2. Your brother is both funny and intelligent.
3. She drives both slowly and carefully.
4. Ali plays basketball either during the day or in the evening.
5. Both Erdem and Sinan play football well.
6. Stress affects us both physically and emotionally.
7. She not only sings but also plays the electric guitar.
Exercise 4: Circle the correct verb.
1. Both Sarah and her brother is / are sick today.

2. Not only Sarah but also her brother is / are sick today.
3. Both my sister and my brothers works / work in the computer industry.
4. Not only listening but also speaking helps / help you learn English.
5. Either the director or her assistants is / are going to call you.
6. Neither the rain nor the snow was / were a problem for the drivers.
7. Both the students and their teacher is / are going to come to the party.
8. Either the students or their teacher is / are going to come to the party.
9. Not only the mother but also her children was / were injured in the fire.
10. Both the children and their mother was / were killed in the accident.
Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with the words or, nor, but also, or and.
1. I have both respect __________ admiration for them.

2. It will rain either today __________ tomorrow.
3. He is neither mad __________ upset.
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4. We not only dressed up for the holiday __________ decorated the school.
5. The crowd was both large __________ excited.
6. Both my uncle __________ my cousin live in New York.
7. Neither my brother __________ my sister can go to the game.
Exercise 6: Put the words in order to make a sentence with correlative conjunctions.
1. by / can / car/ or / travellers / get / train / there / either / by
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. also / but / enjoyable / music/ relaxing / only / is / to / listening/ not
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Julie / neither/ nor/ eats /red meat /chicken
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. both / global warming / affects/ humans/ the environment / and
____________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 7: Rewrite the paragraph below. Connect the possible sentences with both/and,
not only/but also, either/or, neither/nor.
Freshman year can be very difficult for students who come from other cities. For some of them, it is even
harder since they are leaving home for the first time. These students miss their families. They also miss the
environment they had in their hometown. They have to cope with the stresses of a new environment and new
people at first. However, they cannot cope with two problems at the same time. They have to overcome the
stress of new people, too. Also, many students find themselves in a school where they are no longer the
smartest student in the class. Probably, they are not the most popular students as they were. This can be very
upsetting. Some students may become depressed as a result of this negative situation, yet these negative
feelings do not continue like this. Most students find some way to deal with. Some of them deal with it by
making friends while others deal with it by going out every night. In the end, they adapt themselves to the new
environment and become happy.
SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT 2

The basic principle of subject-verb agreement is that if the subject is singular, the verb should be singular,
and if the subject is plural, the verb should be plural.
Examples:
• Each of the women is ready at this time.
• Every student is responsible for attending classes regularly.
• All of the melon is good. All of the melons are good.
31
Collective nouns—team, family, group, crew, gang, class, faculty, and the like—take a singular verb
if the noun is considered a unit, but they take a plural verb if the group is considered as a number of
individuals.
• The team is playing well tonight.
• The team are getting dressed. [In this sentence, the individuals are acting not as a unit but separately.]
Be careful of agreement with nouns ending in -s. Several nouns ending in –s take a singular verb—
for example, Physics, Genetics, Economics, ethics, mumps, Politics.
• Economics is my major field of study.
Some nouns have only a plural form and so take only a plural verb—for example, clothes, trousers,
glasses
• His trousers are badly wrinkled.
With a sum of money, a period of time and a distance, we use a singular verb.
• Three years is a long time.
• Two thousand Turkish Liras is a great amount of money for a student.
These words end in ‘s’ and can be singular or plural: series, species and means.
• A bus is a means of transport.
• House M.D is a nice TV series. There are many Turkish TV series.
The -ing form of the verb can be used as a noun as the subject of a sentence. This -ing subject
takes a singular verb.
• Learning to drive is an exciting experience.
• Building wooden tables was my dad's favorite hobby.
Exercise 8: Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. Twenty miles ______________ a long distance. (be)
2. The windows in the house______________ closed. (be)
3. Two thousand dollars ________________ an unreasonable price for that second-hand lorry. (be)
4. None of this meat ______________ (be) fresh. I’m not going to buy any from this shop. (be)
5. None of the boys here _____________ known to me. (be)
32
6. Everyone in this class ______________ wearing jeans. (be)

7. Neither the man nor the woman ______________ older than 60. (be)
8. Either Julia or her friends ____________planning to attend. (be)
9. Neither the teacher nor the students ______________ it is a good idea. (think)
10. The exhibit of the artist’s paintings ___________ very interesting (be).
11. Each member of the orchestra _____________two instruments. (play)
12. Most of the nurses _____________ every day. (work)
13. The courses in college ______________a lot of studying. (require)
14. Next week the Smith family ______________ for vacation. (leave)
15. Aerobics _____________a fun activity for most youngsters. (be)
16. Every semester, studying for final exams ____________ stress. (cause)
17. Watching hours of television _____________a person's eyes. (hurt)
18. Both Janet and Hilda ______________ to get summer jobs. (hope)
19. The number of college students _____________every year. (increase)
20. Running a few miles each day______________a good form of exercise. (be)
21. All the books in our library _______________ available for you. (be)
22. Action adventures and romantic comedies _______________two of my favorite kinds of movies. (be)
23. The commitee _____________ every month. (meet)
24. Statistics _____________ an interesting subject. (be)
25. The trousers _______________dirty. (be)
26. Some of the cake _____________ on the plate. (be)
PARALELLISM
Parallel structure or parallelism is the rule that words or phrases in a series

should be in the same form.
Correct parallel structure is important because it makes a sentence
easier to read and understand.
Which of the following is the odd one out (different from others)? Circle it.
a. driver b. teacher c. scientist d. to work
b. swimming b. singing c. study e. walking
33
When you list two or more words, phrases, or clauses in a sequence, each item must be in
the same grammatical form.
1. Parallelism in a Series
e.g. Eric came in tired, hungry, and needing a bath. incorrect
adj. adj. not adj.

Eric came in tired, hungry, and dirty. correct
adj. adj. adj.
Parallel Patterns Examples

nouns There are trees, plants and flowers in the garden.
verbs We had dinner, played computer games and listened to music.
adjectives He is reliable, competent and respectful.
adverbs She drives slowly and carefully.
prepositional phrases In my panic, I searched for my research paper in my room, under my bed, and
in my car.
verb-ing Writing poetry, singing karaoke, dancing salsa, and skiing are his favorite
pastimes.
1. Parallelism in Correlative Conjunctions

The word, phrase, or clause following each part of the conjunction should be parallel.
Either we move to New York this year or we move to Kansas next year. incorrect
We move either to New York this year or to Kansas next year. correct
Caffeine is not only in coffee, but also is in chocolate. incorrect
Caffeine is not only in coffee but also in chocolate. correct
34
Exercise 9: Please review the following sentences for mistakes in parallel structure. Tick the correct
ones and correct the ones with mistakes.
1. My dog is not only friendly but is also playful. _____________________________
2. Global warming affects humans, the environment, and is dangerous. ______________________
3. Pam likes water skiing, to swim, and sails. ____________________
4. Eating the right foods will help you feel healthier, more attractive, and strongly.
___________________
5. He wanted three things out of college: to learn a skill, to make good friends, and to learn about life.
__________________
6. Mike likes to listening to rock music and read mystery novels. _____________________
7. Football is less popular in Europe than North America. ____________________
8. A good friend is kind, honest, and helps you when you need him. _________________
9. Either going for a walk or to lie in the sun is my idea of a good time. __________________
10. Janet is not only a fine pianist, but also an expert dancer. _________________
11. Our house is near the bus station, the laundromat and of a supermarket. ___________________
12. Going to college, choosing a career, and to find a good job are not easy these days.
__________________
13.Doris wants to be a doctor, a veterinarian, or study dentist. ________________
14. Carmen was either late or arrived early. ________________
15. She can read on a bus, in an elevator, or when she waits in line at the bank. _______________
WRITING ABOUT A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Pre-writing
A. Complete the sentences so that each one is true for you.
1. One of the ________________ (happiest/saddest/scariest/most embarrassing) memories of my childhood
happened when I was _______________ years old.
2. A very _______________ (funny/embarrassing/surprising) thing happened to me on my first day of
___________________ .
3. One summer my friends and I had a(n) _____________________ experience.
4. My trip to ___________________ was very __________________.
5. One of the most enjoyable (days/evenings/weeks/weekends) I ever spent was _______________________ .
35
B. Discuss the experiences in groups. Tell what happened in each situation.
C. Choose an experience above to write about. List the events you want to include in your story.
Number them in the correct time order.
____ _______________________________________________________________________
____ _______________________________________________________________________
____ _______________________________________________________________________
____ _______________________________________________________________________
____ _______________________________________________________________________
____ _______________________________________________________________________
Writing: Write a story about the experience you chose. Make sure you are careful about subject-
verb agreement and parallelism, and try to use correlative conjunctions. (80-100 Words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
ON YOUR OWN
Choose one of the following topics.
 Write about a time when you tried to do something but failed.
 Write about an experience that changed the direction of your life.
 Did you ever forget something important? Write about that experience.
 Write about a memorable sporting event in your life.
 Do you remember your first day of school? Write a paragraph about that day.
36
WEEK 5. WRITING ABOUT PLACES

Exercise 1: Read the model paragraph and underline the prepositions of place.
MY ROOM
My favourite place is my bedroom because I do a lot of things there. When you come into my room, my
desk is on the right, next to the wall. There are lots of books and papers on it; therefore, I rarely study there.
In the corner, there is a comfortable chair. Sometimes I sit there to read, and sometimes I just throw my
clothes on it. In the middle of the next wall, there is a window, and my bed is under it. I love listening to the
birds in the morning when I am still half asleep. Also, I usually study on my bed because my desk is such a
mess. There is a nightstand on the right of the bed. It holds my clock radio, a few empty soda cans, and
several empty plates. Furthermore, in the middle of the next wall, there is a low bookcase with three shelves.
My stereo is on the bookcase, and I love listening to music when I am in my room. On the left of the
bookcase, there is a basket for my cat to sleep in. Next to the basket, there is a closet. In the middle of the
wall across from my bed, there is a beautiful old chest of drawers with my jewelry box and bottles of
perfume on it. There is a mirror above the chest. Sometimes I stand in front of it and pretend that I am a
singer in a rock band. My room isn’t very big; however, I enjoy being in it very much.
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE WORD BANK

above behind beside between
in front of on under next to
in the middle on the right on the left in
37
Exercise 2: Choose the right preposition of place:
1. At/In/On the picture, I can see a family at/in/on a kitchen.

2. There is a dish full of fruits at/in/on the worktop.
3. The mother is standing behind/in front of/across her son and
daughter.
4. She is holding a vase at/on/in her hand.
5. The son and the daughter are sitting at/on/in the worktop smiling
at/on/in each other.
6. There are beautiful cupbords at/in/on the wall.
7. There is a window behind/under/in front of the mother.
8. The woman is looking at/on/to her daughter.
Exercise 3: Look at the painting of Van Gogh and try to describe his room.
38
TRANSITION SIGNALS
Read the following sentences and put the bold-faced words or phrases into the correct column on the
next page. Only however can be used twice.
She washed the clothes. Moreover, she She looks after her children; besides, she runs
cleaned the house. a successful business.
Several teachers are ill. Accordingly, some I overslept this morning; therefore, I was late
classes will be behind the schedule. for school.
Reading increases your vocabulary. Most students watch TV series in English; as a

Furthermore, it improves your grammar. result, they learn lots of words.
Please call your grandmother on her birthday; Cycling to work is good exercise; in addition,
otherwise, she will get upset. it is good fort he environment.
She didn’t do any of the homework; thus, she

He is clever; on the other hand, he often
failed the course.
makes careless mistakes.
He went shopping; however, he didn’t buy Turkish TV series are very popular in the Middle East.
anything. In contrast, they are not well-known in the USA.
We went there early; nevertheless, all the My job is quite hard; nonetheless, I really
tickets were sold out. enjoy it.
She continued to miss the class; as a consequence, The students were well-prepared for the
they asked her to leave the program. exam; hence, they got high scores.
She didn’t arrive on time; consequently, she Taking deep breaths helps you get over your
missed the train. stress. (Also,) It also relieves your headache.
COORDINATORS CONJUNCTIVE FUNCTION
39
ADVERBS
e.g. moreover
_____________________
and _____________________
addition
_____________________
_____________________
but _____________________
_____________________ direct contrast
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
so
_____________________ result-effect
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
yet Contrast with an unexpected
_____________________ result
_____________________
or _____________________ alternative
Exercise 4: Fill in the circles with appropriate punctuation marks.

1.
Simple sentence Conjunctive Simple sentence
adverb
40
2. Simple sentence Conjunctive Simple sentence

adverb
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer.
1. Johnny Pacheco has a creative talent as a composer; _______, he is a successful arranger.
A) yet B) thus C) though D) moreover
2. Lucie was a terrible employee; _______, she got promoted.
A) also B) nevertheless C) in addition D) consequently
3. July had a rash and fever. _______, the doctor ran tests.
A) Consequently B) In contrast C) Besides D) Nonetheless
4. I always eat breakfast; _______, I get hungry during class.
A) therefore B) in contrast C) otherwise D) furthermore
5. Hurricanes develop over warm oceans. _______, tornadoes form over land.
A) Accordingly B) As a consequence C) Hence D) On the other hand
Exercise 6: Choose the best transition word for each sentence.
1. Taking deep breaths helps you get over your stress. Also / Nonetheless, it relieves your headache.
2. Several teachers are ill. In addition / Accordingly, some classes will be behind the schedule.
3. I overslept this morning; therefore / in addition, I was late for school.
4. Reading increases your vocabulary. In contrast / Furthermore, it improves your grammar.
5. She continued to miss classes; as a consequence / nonetheless, they asked her to leave the program.
6. She went shopping; however / hence, she didn’t buy anything.
7. The rate of obesity has increased dramatically; on the other hand / as a result, the government has
started a new campaign to fight with the illness at schools.
8. He looks after his children; besides / however, he runs a successful business.
9. He didn't do any of the homework; thus / besides, he failed the course.
10. She washed the clothes. Moreover / Nevertheless, she cleaned the house.
41
Exercise 7: Complete the following sentences with the words from the box. Use each word once and
be careful with the punctuation.
therefore nevertheless as a result otherwise moreover
1.Brian is sick _____________________ he came to school.

2. I forgot to take a map with me __________________ I got lost.
3.I dropped my cell phone, and it stopped working ____________________ I need to either buy a new phone
or borrow yours.
4. Children need something to spend their time ______________________ they get bored.
5. Going abroad has many advantages. First of all, you can improve your language _____________________
you learn about a new culture.
Exercise 8: Complete the following sentences with the words from the box and your ideas.
Use each word once.
thus in addition nonetheless however
1. Angela is taking piano lessons and violin lessons;_______________________________________________

2. Jack ate three pizzas; _____________________________________________________________________
3. Monica lost her tennis match yesterday; ______________________________________________________
4. He can’t speak English well, _______________________________________________________________
DESCRIBING YOUR FAVOURITE ROOM

Pre-writing
A. What is your favourite room? Where is it? Draw a simple picture of your room and describe it to
a partner.
B. Make a list of the things in your room.
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
42
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
Writing
A. Answer these questions about your favourite room.
1. What size is the room?

_________________________________________________________________
2. What adjectives can you use to describe it?
_________________________________________________________________
3. What pieces of furniture do you have in your room?
_________________________________________________________________
4. What else is there in your room?
_________________________________________________________________
5. Are there any windows? Is it sunny or dark?
_________________________________________________________________
6. What colour are the walls?
_________________________________________________________________
7. Why do you like this room?
_________________________________________________________________
B. Use the sentences to write a paragraph that describes your room. Use prepositions of place and
adjectives. (80-100 Words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
ON YOUR OWN
Choose one of the following topics.
 Write a description of an unusual room.
 Write a paragraph describing the nicest or worst hotel room you have stayed in.
 What is your favourite restaurant? Describe what it looks like in a paragraph.
 Write a paragraph describing a park in your city or town.
WEEK 6 & 7. PARAGRAPH WRITING
43
TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING SENTENCES
CONCLUDING SENTENCE
TOPIC
SENTENCE Advantages of Living in a Foreign Country
There are many advantages of living in a foreign country. First, it gives you the opportunity to
experience an entirely different way of life, which can be a valuable form of cultural experience.
Since you have to deal with daily tasks in an environment where you are surrounded by locals,
you can get to know their ways of living. Moreover, while living in a foreign country, you can
learn and become fluent in another language through everyday use. It is easily possible to expose
yourself to everday communication with real people, which will put you in the core of that
language. Finally, many people become more independent and self-reliant when they have to
overcome difficult situations on their own such as finding a proper flat or even a job in a foreign
country where you know almost nobody. As a result, they become stronger individuals. To
summarize, living in a foreign country will cultivate you and bring about lots of advantages.
A. Read the paragraph and answer the questions below. CONCLUDING

SENTENCE
1. What is the main idea of the paragraph?
2. How many advantages can we see in the paragraph?
3. What is one thing that will place you in the center of a language?
4. How does the paragraph end?
TOPIC SENTENCE
44
The topic sentence is the most general statement of the paragraph. It is the key sentence because it names
the subject and the controlling idea.
 It will tell the reader what you are going to say.

 A topic sentence should not be too general.
 It should have a a topic and a controlling idea.
Topic Sentence: To be an effective CEO requires certain characteristics.
The topic: “To be an effective CEO”
The controlling idea: “certain characteristics.”
Exercise 1: Read the following topic sentences and analyze the topic and the controlling idea.
1. Topic Sentence: Having a first child is difficult because of the significant adjustments in your life.
Topic: ___________________________________________________________
Controlling Idea: ___________________________________________________
2. People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions
Topic: ____________________________________________________________
3. Effective leadership requires specific qualities that anyone can develop.
Topic: ____________________________________________________________
4. There are several advantages to growing up in a small town.
Topic: ____________________________________________________________
5. Cell phones make communication much easier
Topic: ____________________________________________________________
Exercise 2: Read the sentences below. Put a tick () by those that are effective topic sentences.
Write S by the sentences that are not good topic sentences because they are too specific. Write G
by the sentences that are not good topic sentences because they are too general.
____ 1. My round-trip plane ticket to Ankara, Turkey, cost more than $950.
____ 2. Many people have hobbies.
45
____ 3. American music reflects the native music of many of its immigrant groups.
____ 4. Music is important to society.
____ 5. Genetically altered food is unacceptable for several reasons.
____ 6. Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook.
____ 7. Vacations are expensive.
____ 8. Learning to read and write in Chinese is difficult for students from other countries.
____ 9. Talking on cell phones in public places is rude
____ 10. Learning to write in a foreign language can be frustrating.
Exercise 3: Choose the best topic sentence for each paragraph. Write it on the line provided.
1. ______________________________________________. I usually go skiing every weekend in

the winter even though it is expensive. I love the feeling of flying down a mountain. The views are
beautiful from the top of the mountain and along the trails. Even the danger of falling and getting
hurt can’t keep me away from the slopes on a winter day.
a. Skiing is expensive.
b. Skiing is my favourite sport.
c. Skiing is dangerous
2. ______________________________________________One thing you must consider is the

quality of the university’s educational program. You also need to think about the school’s size and
location. Finally, you must be sure to consider the university’s tuition to make sure you can afford
to go to school there.
a. It is expensive to attend a university in the United States.
b. There are several factors to consider when you choose a university to attend.
c. You should consider getting a good education.
3. ________________________________________ . First of all, we need money to repair old

roads and build new roads. We also need more to pay teachers’ salaries and to pay for services such
as trash collection. Finally, more tax money is needed to give financial help to the poor citizens of
the city. It is clear that the city will have serious problems if taxes are not raised soon.
a. We should raise city taxes.

b. City taxes are too high.
c. City taxes pay for new roads.
SUPPORTING IDEAS
46
You learned about the topic sentence. The sentences that follow a topic sentence are called
supporting sentences. They support the topic sentence in the same way that the legs of a table support the
tabletop. Supporting sentences show the reader why the topic sentence is true.
The supporting sentences show us

why Jack is lucky.
Exercise 4: Read each paragraph. Follow the directions below it.

1. Fred’s Bad Diet
Fred has terrible eating habits. He often skips breakfast at home and buys a candy bar at school. For
lunch, he usually has french fries, soda, and more candy. In the afternoon, he gets junk food from vending
machines. He never eats fresh fruit or vegetables. In the evening, he eats more junk food. Fred needs to make
some changes in his diet.
a. Underline the topic sentence and the concluding sentence.
b. Complete this statement: The supporting sentences in this paragraph describe
__________________________________________________________________
2. Why I Like Study Groups

I like study groups for several reasons. First of all, studying can be a lonely activity. I feel better when I
study with other people. In addition, a study group helps me stay on schedule. When I am alone, I waste
time, but with a group, we start on time and focus on our work. Finally, a study group makes me part of a
team. I know that many jobs require teamwork, so this is good preparation for my career. For these reasons, I
think study groups are a good idea.
b. Complete this statement: The supporting sentences in this paragraph give _______ (number) reasons why
____________________________________ .
3. How to Annoy a Roommate
47
It is easy to annoy a roommate. One way is to make a lot of noise. Do this especially when your
roommate is sleeping or studying. Another way is to leave a mess on the floor. Drop your clothes and shoes
everywhere. Finally, eat smelly food in the room. When you finish, put the dirty dishes on the floor, too. If
you follow this advice, you will surely drive your roommate crazy.
b. Complete this statement: The supporting sentences in this paragraph show some _______________
(adjective) ways to ___________________________________
Exercise 5: Complete the following sets by supplying the supporting sentences.

6. Topic Sentence: People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions.
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________
Topic Sentence: Flexible work hours have numerous advantages

a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________
USEFUL VOCABULARY
To show the 1st supporting idea to begin with, to start with, first of all, initially
To show an additional idea also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally
To show a contrast however, nevertheless, nonetheless, in contrast,

conversely, on the contrary, on the other hand
To show a cause-effect therefore, thus, hence, then, consequently,
relationship accordingly, in conclusion, as a result
To show an example for example, for instance, to illustrate, to give an

example
To show a summary to sum up, to summarize, in short, to conclude, in

conclusion, all in all, in brief
PARAGRAPH UNITY
48
All the supporting sentences in a paragraph must be relevant – they must relate to the main idea.
My Favourite Holiday
I always loved the traditions of New Year’s Eve in my country. First, we all cleaned our homes so they
looked nice for the new year. We also put up coloured lights and other decorations. Then everyone dressed
up in nice new clothes. My brother never wanted to dress up or help with the cleaning. The best part was a
special dinner with my whole family. Then at midnight, everyone went outside, and there were fireworks in
the streets. Sometimes we had fireworks on other holidays, too. New Year’s Eve was always an exciting
night in my country.
The writer’s topic is New Year’s Eve in her home country. Her paragraph describes the holiday traditions
that she loved. The sentence about her brother is irrelevant because it does not describe a tradition that she
loved. The sentence about fireworks on other holidays is not about New Year’s Eve, so that is also
irrelevant.
Exercise 6: Read each paragraph. Underline the topic sentence. Find two irrelevant sentences, and
cross them out.
A. The Petersons’ Farm

The Peterson family is having an excellent year on their farm. Their vegetables are growing very well
this summer. The corn is tall, and the tomato plants are full of tomatoes. Corn and tomatoes have a lot of
uses. All the Petersons’ animals are in good health. Their hens are producing lots of eggs. The young sheep
are growing quickly. You can make good cheese from sheep’s milk. Every day, customers stop at the farm to
buy vegetables and eggs. Business is good, and the Petersons are happy.
B. Conditions in Antarctica
Antarctica is a difficult and dangerous place for people. Penguins live there. It is very cold, with the
average temperature about 40 degrees below zero. The air is very dry, and there are strong winds. In the
winter, the sun never comes up. I would never go there in the winter. In the summer, the sun’s rays are bad
for people’s skin and eyes. They need protection from both the cold and the sun. Some scientists stay there
to work for a few weeks or months, but no one calls Antarctica home.
Exercise 7: Order the sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
1. There are many ways shy adults can gradually gain control of their uncomfortable feelings.
2. Second, they can learn how to ask others about themselves.
3. A good way to do this is to make a mental note of a person’s interests as they come up in a conversation.
4. First, they can learn ways to introduce themselves and join in a conversation with others.
5. For example, they can learn how to find common ground for conversation by relating shared experiences,
or by asking questions to show the speaker they are interested.
49
6. They can have three or four topics of universal interest to pursue, such as the weather, work, school,
or the daily news.
7. Active listening techniques are useful in overcoming shyness, too.
8. These techniques help a shy person stay calm, look others in the eye, listen and keep talking.
9. Finally, relaxation techniques, such as practicing slow breathing to calm down and thinking about
a positive memory are useful ways to reduce the fear of contact with others.
CONCLUDING SENTENCE
Some paragraphs end with a concluding sentence. Concluding means ‘finishing’ or ‘completing’.
A concluding sentence repeats ideas from the topic sentence, to bring the reader back to the main idea.
TOPIC SENTENCE When I take a trip, I prefer to go by train for some reasons.
First, the seats on trains are very comfortable. They give me enough
space for my legs. Also, I like the big windows on trains. I enjoy
looking out at the views, especially in the country. Moreover, I like
being free to leave my seat. I can stand up and walk around on a
train when I want to. These are just a few of the reasons why I like
CONCLUDING travelling by train.
SENTENCE
Exercise 8: Read the paragraph and analyse the topic sentence and the concluding sentence.
Nowadays, large cities are becoming more and more inhabited. The majority of the population prefer
living in a big town mainly because of the great advantages it has. First of all, people in the city do
different kinds of jobs. The number of companies in large cities is high, so there are many job
opportunities in various fields for people. Moreover, job vacancies in big cities are easily found and it is
easier for someone to select the desired field of employment. Secondly, the big cities can also offer a
variety of entertainment forms from cinemas, theatres, concerts, and clubs to entertaining parks, and so
on. Many people like spending their free time in the facilities because it helps them to relax and bring
them a lot of pleasure. Therefore, large cities are the place that become major destinations for people to
live because they offer many advantages.
a. How many reasons can you give for preference to live in cities? What are these reasons?
50
Exercise 9: Read each paragraph. Then choose the best concluding sentence.
1. The Secrets to a Successful Restaurant
There are four keys to running a successful restaurant. First, the food must taste good. Boring or bad
food will not bring in customers. Second, the dining room must be a comfortable and attractive place. People
should feel good spending time in the restaurant. Third, there must be good service. Both the kitchen staff
and the servers need to do their jobs well. Finally, the price must be right. There must be a good match
between the cost and the dining
experience.______________________________________________________________
a. The restaurant should stay open late, too.

b. Many new restaurants have to close after just a few months.
c. A restaurant that does well in these four areas will be a success.
2. A Wonderful City
There are three main reasons why I love Florence, Italy. First of all, I enjoy the people of Florence.
They are friendly, interesting, and good-looking. Second, I like hearing people speak Italian. I think it is a
beautiful language. Finally, I love the food in Florence. You can get delicious things to eat in the markets,
shops, and restaurants.
_____________________________________________________________________________
a. Millions of people visit Florence because it is an important city.

b. The people, language, and food make Florence one of my favourite places.
c. It is also very interesting to learn about the art and history of this beautiful city.
Exercise 10: Paraphrasing the topic sentence.
Topic Sentence : Knowing a second language will be an advantage if you travel to other countries a lot.
Concluding Sentence : In conclusion, it is better to know a second language when you frequently travel abroad.
 Yoga is an excellent form of exercise for several reasons.
 Students who participate in activities outside of class receive a number of advantages.
51
Exercise 11: Follow the outline and write a paragraph below. (80-100 Words)
Topic Sentence: There are many advantages of keeping a pet dog.
Supporting Ideas Details and Examples
1. Security
Barking at strangers / Burglars are afraid to enter the house
2. Companionship
Always staying with you / Very loyal
Concluding Sentence:
ON YOUR OWN
Choose one of the following topics and write a
paragraph.
 Polllution is one of the biggest problems in the world
today.
 There are many causes of animal extinction.
 People can learn many things from owning a pet.
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53

2020-21 Fall A2 Compulsory Writing Pack

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A2 LEVEL WRITING Fall 2020

Compulsory Writing Pack

Bu pack senkron (Zoom) okuma derslerinde kullanılacaktır. Bu packin içinde

WEEK 1. INTRODUCE YOURSELF..........................................................................................................................................................

WEEK 1. INTRODUCE YOURSELF

Exercise 2: Write meaningful sentences. Don’t forget to make changes if necessary.

2. children / in / morning / school / the / go / to

3.do / sister / downtown / not /work / my

4. at / dinner / he / night / eat

5. bake /she / cakes / the / weekend / at

6. have / Wednesday / we / on /classes / afternoons

8. in / she / homework / evening / do / the / her

9. famous / Kahramanmaraş / for / is / ice-cream / its

10. are / seven / rainbow / there/ colours / in / a

5. There are ___________________________________________________________________

WRITING A PARAGRAPH ABOUT YOURSELF (80-100 Words)

Writing: Answer these questions about yourself and complete sentences.

4. What language(s) do you speak?

SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT 1

• The houses near the supermarket are not for sale.

• There are five concerts at the amphitheatre this week.

• Everybody likes pizza.

• One of the students lives in Manisa.

• Something smells strange in the fridge.

• Rosa or Alicia is responsible.

1 My parents lives in New Mexico. They enjoy

living there for a number of reasons. First, the

1 weather is nice. The summer months is hot, but

2 people live and works there. Everybody like New Mexicans.

Mexico. It is a lovely place to explore.

landlocked: surrounded by the land of other countries and having no coast

WEEK 2. WRITING ABOUT YOUR DAY

a. Roberto teaches from 8:30 am to 3:30 pm.

Exercise 2: Read the paragraphs and answer the following questions.

5. Write the words the writer uses to show time:

BEFORE AND AFTER

TIME-ORDER SIGNAL WORDS

after breakfast after school before work

After Later First Finally Next Then

WRITING ABOUT YOUR WEEKDAY

A. Make a list of the things you do on a typical weekday.

WEEKDAY ACTIVITIES WORD BANK

brush my teeth get ready for bed make the bed

do homework go to bed read the

SENTENCE TYPES IN ENGLISH 1

There are four kinds of sentences in English.

1. THE SIMPLE SENTENCE

A simple sentence may have more than one subject.

1. Red and blue are my favourite colours.

A simple sentence may have more than one verb.

A simple sentence may have several subjects and verbs.

D. on the shelf E. studying F. in the boat G. learning

1. e.g. book ____on the shelf____

1. __e.g._________The book on the shelf_is about Turkish History.___________________________

WEEK 3. DESCRIBING PEOPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS WORD BANK

CLOTHING AND PERSONAL ITEMS WORD BANK

3. What length is your hair? ______________________________________________

Writing (80-100 Words)

SENTENCE TYPES IN ENGLISH 2

There are four kinds of sentences in English.

2. THE COMPOUND SENTENCE

Exercise 4: Circle the correct coordinating conjunction.

1. e.g. book on the shelf

1. e.g._______The book on the shelf_is about Turkish History.___________________________