Grades of Phosphoric Acid:

1. Technical Grade: Technical-grade phosphoric acid typically contains impurities and is used in
industrial applications such as metal cleaning, rust removal, and fertilizer production.

2. Food Grade: Food-grade phosphoric acid meets strict purity standards set by food regulatory
agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is commonly used as an additive in
food and beverage products for acidity regulation, flavor enhancement, and as a leavening agent
in baking.

3. Electronics Grade: Electronics-grade phosphoric acid is highly purified to meet the stringent
requirements of the electronics industry. It is used in the manufacture of semiconductors,
electronic components, and circuit boards.

4. Laboratory Grade: Laboratory-grade phosphoric acid is typically of high purity and is suitable for
use in analytical chemistry, research, and laboratory experiments.

The strength of phosphoric acid can vary depending on its concentration. In general, phosphoric acid
solutions are labeled with their concentration, often expressed as a percentage by weight or molarity
(moles per liter). For example:

 A 85% phosphoric acid solution contains 85 grams of phosphoric acid per 100 grams of solution.

 A 1 M phosphoric acid solution contains 1 mole of phosphoric acid per liter of solution.

The strength of phosphoric acid solutions can range from dilute solutions used in household products to
concentrated solutions used in industrial processes. Orthophosphoric acid, the most common form of
phosphoric acid, is a weak acid with a pKa value around 2.15 for its first dissociation step. This means
that it partially dissociates in solution, and its acid strength is moderate compared to strong mineral
acids like hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.

MAP Production grade :

For the production of Monoammonium phosphate (MAP), typically a high-grade phosphoric acid is used.
This is often referred to as "Technical Grade" or "Industrial Grade" phosphoric acid.

The reason for using high-grade phosphoric acid is to ensure that impurities in the acid do not adversely
affect the quality or properties of the final MAP product. Impurities in lower grades of phosphoric acid
could potentially introduce contaminants into the MAP, which may interfere with its intended use,
especially in applications such as agriculture where purity is crucial.

However, specific requirements may vary depending on the manufacturing process and the standards set
by regulatory bodies or the company's internal quality control procedures. It's essential for producers of
MAP to carefully select the grade of phosphoric acid that meets their quality standards and regulatory
requirements.
Specifications of technical grade phosphoric acid:
The specifications of technical grade phosphoric acid can vary depending on the manufacturer and
intended application. However, here are some typical specifications for technical grade phosphoric acid:

1. Purity: Technical grade phosphoric acid usually has a purity ranging from 75% to 85% phosphoric
acid (H₃PO₄) by weight. The remaining percentage consists of water and various impurities.

2. Density: The density of technical grade phosphoric acid is typically around 1.65 to 1.75 grams
per milliliter (g/mL) at room temperature.

3. Color: The color of technical grade phosphoric acid can range from colorless to pale yellow,
depending on the presence of impurities.

4. Acidity: Technical grade phosphoric acid is highly acidic, with a pH typically below 2 when
measured in solution.

5. Iron Content: The iron content in technical grade phosphoric acid is usually limited to a
maximum concentration, often specified in parts per million (ppm). Common maximum limits for
iron content range from 10 ppm to 100 ppm.

6. Heavy Metal Impurities: Technical grade phosphoric acid may contain trace amounts of heavy
metal impurities such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury. Maximum allowable limits for
these impurities are typically specified by regulatory authorities or industry standards.

7. Physical Form: Technical grade phosphoric acid is typically available as a liquid, although it may
also be available in solid form (e.g., as phosphoric acid crystals or flakes) for certain applications.

It's important to note that these specifications are general guidelines, and specific requirements may
vary depending on the intended use of the phosphoric acid and the regulatory standards in the region
where it is produced or used. Therefore, it's essential to consult the product documentation or contact
the manufacturer for detailed specifications and quality assurance information.

To determine the minimum quantity of phosphoric acid required to produce 1 ton per year of
Monoammonium phosphate (MAP), we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction between
phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and ammonia (NH₃) to form MAP (NH₄H₂PO₄).

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

4H3PO4+NH3→NH4H2PO4(MAP)

From the equation, we can see that one mole of phosphoric acid reacts with one mole of ammonia to
produce one mole of MAP.

Now, let's consider the molecular weights of the substances involved:

 Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): 97.994 g/mol

 Ammonia (NH₃): 17.031 g/mol

 Monoammonium phosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄): 115.031 g/mol

To produce 1 ton (1000 kg or 1,000,000 grams) of MAP, we need to determine the number of moles of
MAP required. Then, we can use stoichiometry to find the corresponding number of moles of phosphoric
acid needed.

1. Calculate the number of moles of MAP:

Mass of MAP (g)=Mass of MAP (kg)×1000Mass of MAP (g)=Mass of MAP (kg)×1000
Number of moles of MAP=Mass of MAP (g)Molecular weight of MAP (g/mol)Number of moles of
MAP=Molecular weight of MAP (g/mol)Mass of MAP (g)

Mass of MAP (g)=1000×1000=1,000,000 gMass of MAP (g)=1000×1000=1,000,000g

Number of moles of MAP=1,000,000115.031≈8695.57 molesNumber of moles of MAP=115.0311,000,00
0≈8695.57moles

2. Now, since 1 mole of phosphoric acid reacts with 1 mole of ammonia to produce 1 mole of MAP,
the number of moles of phosphoric acid required is also approximately 8695.57 moles.

3. Finally, calculate the mass of phosphoric acid required:

Mass of phosphoric acid (g)=Number of moles of phosphoric acid×Molecular weight of phosphor
ic acid (g/mol)Mass of phosphoric acid (g)=Number of moles of phosphoric acid×Molecular weig
ht of phosphoric acid (g/mol)

Mass of phosphoric acid (g)≈8695.57×97.994≈852,351 gMass of phosphoric acid (g)≈8695.57×97.994≈85

2,351g

So, approximately 852,351 grams (or 852.351 kg) of phosphoric acid is required to produce 1 ton per
year of MAP.

MAP:
The global mono ammonium phosphate industry is being driven by the growing
demand from the fertilizer industry. MAP is a significant water-soluble fertilizer, which
breaks into ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (H2PO4-) upon dissolution. Ammonium
(NH4+) and phosphate (H2PO4-) are both essential nutrients required by plants for
sustained healthy growth, thus, MAP is an important fertilizer in the agricultural sector,
especially for soil, which have neutral- or high-pH. The market for MAP is being driven
by the growing demand for fertilizer nutrients, which is expected to grow at an annual
rate of 1.9% till 2021. The global mono ammonium phosphate industry is being further
propelled by the modernisation of farming practices, particularly in countries like Brazil
and India. The increasing practice of precision farming is adding to the industry growth.
The rising demand from the animal feed sectors is catalysing the industry growth. The
application of MAP in the animal feed sector in countries like India is especially
expected to grow in the coming years.
Mass Balance:
For the production of MAP

Mass Balance:
For the production of 1ton per day production of MAP using Phosphoric acid and ammonia.

Material balance:

Sample of calculation:

The general material balance used in all the following calculations is:
 Input + Generation - Output – Consumption = Accumulation
Basis of mass balance: Production of MAP= 1 tonne per day= 907.185kg/day
Converting Kg per day of MAP into Kmole /day of I ton per day =907.18581887 kg/day
MAP:
The molecular weight of monoammonium
(907.185kg/day) *(Kmole/115.03kg) phosphate (NH4H2PO4) can be calculated by
=7.886507kmole/day adding up the atomic masses of its
constituent elements: nitrogen (N),
Assumptions: hydrogen (H), phosphorus (P), and oxygen
(O).
In this process, wet-process phosphoric acid
The atomic masses are approximately:
containing 50 to 52.5% H3PO4 (36—38% P 2O5)
is fed to the first neutralizer where most of the  Nitrogen (N): 14.01 g/mol
ammonia is added and 80% of the ammonization is  Hydrogen (H): 1.01 g/mol
completed.
 Phosphorus (P): 30.97 g/mol

 Oxygen (O): 16.00 g/mol

Using these values, we can calculate the

molecular weight of monoammonium
phosphate:

(1 * N) + (4 * H) + (1 * P) + (4 * O) = (1 *
14.01) + (4 * 1.01) + (1 * 30.97) + (4 * 16.00)
= 14.01 + 4.04 + 30.97 + 64.00 =
115.03kg/kmol

So, the molecular weight of

monoammonium phosphate is
approximately 115.03 grams per mole or
115.03kg/kmole.