6 Markars

Physics A (H156, H556)
6 markars
bruh
CS teacher
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1 *Fig. 18.2 shows an arrangement used to investigate stationary sound waves in a tube closed at one end.
Fig. 18.2
A loudspeaker is placed at the open end of the tube. The loudspeaker emits sound of constant frequency.
A small microphone is placed inside the tube. The microphone is connected to an oscilloscope. The microphone
is slowly moved from the open end of the tube towards its closed end. The signal detected by the microphone
shows regions of maximum and minimum intensity of sound. The distance between adjacent positions of
maximum signal is 0.26 m.
Fig. 18.3 shows the signal displayed on the oscilloscope when the output signal from the microphone is
maximum. The time-base on the oscilloscope is set at 0.50 ms div−1.

Fig. 18.3
Explain the presence of the regions of maximum and minimum intensities of sound within the tube and
determine the speed of sound.
[6]

2 *Two groups of researchers, A and B, conduct photoelectric effect experiments on a new material. The maximum
kinetic energy KEmax of the photoelectrons emitted from the material is determined for different frequencies f of
the electromagnetic radiation incident on the material.
Fig. 19 shows incomplete graphs of KEmax against f from the groups A and B.
The value of the Planck constant h is determined from the completed KEmax against f graphs.
The result from each group is shown below.
group A: h = (6.3 ± 0.3) × 10−34 J s

group B: h = (6.6 ± 0.6) × 10−34 J s
Explain how a graph of KEmax against f can be used to determine h. Discuss the accuracy and precision of the
results from each group.

[6]

3(a)
Fig. 18.1 shows a circuit.
Fig. 18.1
The cell has e.m.f. 1.5 V. The cell and the variable power supply both have negligible internal resistance.
(i) The e.m.f. of the power supply is set at 4.2 V.

Calculate the current I in the 33 Ω resistor.
I = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A [3]
(ii) The e.m.f. of the variable supply is now slowly decreased from 4.2 V to 0 V.
Describe the effect on the current I in the 33 Ω resistor.
[2]

(b)
A group of students are investigating the power dissipated in a variable resistor connected across the
terminals of a cell. The cell has e.m.f. 1.5 V.
The students determine the power P dissipated in the variable resistor of resistance R.
Fig. 18.2 shows the data points plotted by the students on a graph of P (y-axis) against
Fig. 18.2
The group of students know that maximum power is dissipated in the variable resistor when R is equal to the
internal resistance r of the cell.
Describe, with the help of a suitable circuit diagram, how the students may have determined P and R.
Use Fig. 18.2 to estimate the internal resistance r of the cell and discuss any limitations of the data plotted by the
group.

[6]
4
A metal circular plate is rotated at a constant frequency by an electric motor.
The plate has a small hole close to its rim.
Fig. 17.1 shows an arrangement used by a student to determine the frequency of the rotating plate.

Fig. 17.1
A light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a fixed resistor of resistance 1.2 kΩ are connected in series to a battery.
The battery has e.m.f. 4.5 V and has negligible internal resistance. The potential difference V across the resistor
is monitored using a data-logger.
Fig. 17.2 shows the variation of V with time t.
Fig. 17.2
Use your knowledge and understanding of potential divider circuits to explain the shape of the graph shown in
Fig. 17.2. Include in your answer the maximum and minimum values of the resistance of the LDR.
Describe how the student can determine the frequency of the rotating plate.

[6]

5 A light-emitting diode (LED) can be used to determine the Planck constant h. When the LED just starts to emit
light, the equation below is valid
where V is the potential difference (p.d.) across the LED, λ is the wavelength of the light emitted, c is the speed
of light in vacuum and e is the elementary charge.
*Describe how an experiment can be carried out in the laboratory to determine h from a graph. Your description
must include how V and λ are accurately determined. Assume that the values of e and c are known.

[6]
END OF QUESTION PAPER

Mark Scheme
Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance
1 *Level 3 (5–6 marks) B1 × 6 Indicative scientific points may include:

Clear explanation and analysis
There is a well-developed line of reasoning Explanation

which is clear and logically structured. The
information presented is relevant and
substantiated. Sound reflected at closed end
Superposition / interference produces
Level 2 (3–4 marks) stationary wave within tube
Some explanation and some analysis. Maximum identified as anti-nodes
Minima identified as nodes
There is a line of reasoning presented with
some structure. The information presented Analysis
is in the most-part relevant and supported
by some evidence. λ/2 = 0.26 (m) or λ = 0.52 (m)
period = 1.5 (ms)
Level 1 (1–2 marks) frequency = 1/0.0015 or frequency =
Limited explanation or limited analysis 660 (Hz)
v = 0.52 × 660 = 340 m s–1
The information is basic and (Note: v = 350 m s–1 if there is no
communicated in an unstructured way. The rounding.)
information is supported by limited
evidence and the relationship to the
evidence may not be clear.
0 marks
No response or no response worthy of
credit.
Total 6

Mark Scheme

Clear explanation and discussion
There is a well-developed line of reasoning Explanation

which is clear and logically structured. The
information presented is relevant and hf = Φ + KEmax (any subject)
substantiated. A graph of KEmax against f is a straight
line graph with gradient = h (and
Level 2 (3–4 marks) intercept = –Φ )
Some explanation and some discussion Draw a straight best-fit line through
points and determine the gradient
There is a line of reasoning presented with using a ‘large triangle’
some structure. The information presented
is in the most-part relevant and supported Discussion of accuracy and precision
by some evidence.
% uncertainties are 4.8% for A and
Level 1 (1–2 marks) 9.1% for B
Limited explanation or limited discussion Data points widely spread out for B.
(ORA)
The information is basic and For B the value of h is accurate
communicated in an unstructured way. The because its closer to the real / actual
information is supported by limited value (but the results are not precise)
evidence and the relationship to the For A the value of h is precise because
evidence may not be clear. of the smaller % uncertainty (but the
result is not accurate)
0 marks
No response or no response worthy of
credit.
Total 6

Mark Scheme
3 a i Resistance of parallel combination C1 Allow (1/60 + 1/120)-1

= 40 (Ω)
C1
I = 0.037 (A)
A1 Allow 2 marks for
Examiner’s Comment
The success in this question hinged on
understanding the effect of two opposing
e.m.f.s in a circuit and determining the total
resistance of the circuit. About a third of
the candidates produced well-structured
and reasoned answer leading to the
correct current of 0.037 A. Most candidates
picked up a mark for determining the total
resistance of the two parallel resistors
(40 Ω). The total e.m.f. in the circuit is
2.7 V and the total resistance is 73 Ω.
Those using a total e.m.f. of 5.7 V ended
up with the incorrect current of 0.078 A;
two marks were awarded for this answer. A
small number of candidates tried to
calculate the current using either using 1.5
V or 4.2 V or 33 Ω.

Mark Scheme
ii Any two from:
The current decreases up to 1.5 V B1×2

The current is zero at 1.5 V Allow ‘current is zero when the e.m.f.s are
The current changes direction / is negative the same’
when < 1.5 V
The current increases below 1.5 V Examiner’s Comment
Most of the answers here showed poor
understanding of the circuit in Fig. 18.1.
Nothing could be awarded for vague
answers such as ‘current decreases
because I ∝ V or ‘e.m.f. decreases so
current decreases’. The current decreases
as the e.m.f. of the supply approaches
1.5 V, at 1.5 V the current is zero, the
direction of the current reverses and its
magnitude increases when the e.m.f. of the
supply gets below 1.5 V. About a quarter of
the candidates gave credible answers.
b Use level of response annotations in RM

Assessor, e.g. L2 for 4 marks, L2ˆ for 3
marks, etc.
Indicative scientific points may include:
Level 3 (5-6 marks) B1×6
Clear description including a reasonable Description and estimation
estimate of r and clear limitations
Correct circuit with (variable) resistor,
There is a well-developed line of reasoning ammeter and voltmeter
which is clear and logically structured. The Correct symbols used for all the
information presented is relevant and components
substantiated. R changed to get different values for P
R = V / I (using ammeter and voltmeter
Level 2 (3-4 marks) readings) or R measured directly using
Some description with an attempt to an ohmmeter with the variable resistor
estimate r and some limitations isolated from the circuit or R read
directly from a resistance box
There is a line of reasoning presented with Power calculated using P = V2/R or
some structure. The information presented P = VI or P =I2R
is in the most part relevant and supported The value of r is between 1.0 to 3.0 Ω
by some evidence. A smooth curve drawn on Fig. 18.2 (to
determine r)
Level 1 (1 -2 marks) A better approximation from sketched
Limited description graph or r is between 1.5 and 2.7 Ω
Any attempt at using E = V +Ir, with or
There is an attempt at a logical structure without the power equation(s) to
with a line of reasoning. The information is determine r - even if the value is
in the most part relevant. incorrect
0 marks Limitations

Mark Scheme
No response or no response worthy of ‘More data’ required

credit. Data point necessary at R = 2.0 Ω /
More data (points) needed between 1
to 3 Ω
No evidence of averaging / Error bars
necessary (for both P and R values)
Examiner’s Comment
This was a level of response (LoR)
question had three ingredients - drawing a
viable circuit diagram that would enable the
data shown in Fig.18.2 to be reproduced,
using the figure to estimate the internal
resistance of the cell and finally outlining
any limitations of the data displayed in the
figure. There is no one perfect model
answer for a level of response question. A
variety of good answers did score top
marks. Most circuit diagrams were correct
and well-drawn. There was the occasional
mistake with the circuit symbol for a
variable resistor; the thermistor symbol
was a regular substitute. Most candidates
drew a smooth curve on Fig. 18.2 and
used this to estimate the internal
resistance of the cell. Many also realised
that the data points showed no evidence of
averaging or error bars and that there were
missing data points between 1.0 Ω and
3.0 Ω. Some candidates wanted ‘more
data points spaced regularly at interval of
0.5 Ω’, which was a sensible suggestion.
Some weaker candidates attempted to
draw a straight line of best-fit through the
data points and then tried to determine the
internal resistance from the gradient. There
was a good spread of marks amongst the
three levels.
Total 11

Mark Scheme
4 Level 3 (5–6 marks) Indicative scientific points may include:

Clear explanation, some description and B1 × 6
both resistance values correct Explanation of trace
There is a well-developed line of reasoning The ‘trace’ is because of light reaching

which is clear and logically structured. The and not reaching LDR
information presented is relevant and Resistance of LDR varies with
substantiated. (intensity) of light
In light
Level 2 (3–4 marks) resistance of LDR is low
Some explanation, limited or no description p.d. across LDR is low
and both resistance values correct p.d across resistor (or V) is high
OR current in circuit is large
Clear explanation, limited or no description In darkness
and calculations mostly correct / one resistance of LDR is high
correct calculation p.d. across LDR is high
OR p.d across resistor (or V) is low
Clear explanation, some description and current in circuit is small
no calculations Vmax = 4.0 V; Vmin = 2.0 V
Potential divider equation quoted
There is a line of reasoning presented with Substitution into potential divider
some structure. The information presented equation
is in the most-part relevant and supported
by some evidence. Description of determining frequency
Level 1 (1–2 marks)

Some explanation Time between pulses is constant
OR because of constant speed
Some description
OR Time between pulses = 0.4 (s)
Some calculation f = 1/T
frequency = 2.5 (Hz)
There is an attempt at a logical structure
with a line of reasoning. The information is Calculations
in the most part relevant.
0 marks Resistance of LDR is 150 (Ω) in light

No response or no response worthy of Resistance of LDR is 1500 (Ω) in
credit darkness
Examiner’s Comments
This was one of the two LoR questions. It

required understanding of potential
dividers, light-dependent resistor and
rotation frequency of a spinning plate.
Examiners expect varied responses, and

two very dissimilar answers can score

Mark Scheme
comparable marks as long as the criteria

set out in the answers’ section of the
marking scheme are met. Level 3 answers
had the correct maximum and minimum
resistance values of the LDR, a decent
description and explanation of the trace
shown in Fig. 17.2, and an outline of how
the frequency of the spinning plate was
determined. As mentioned earlier, eclectic
answers are inevitable – verbose and
concise answers can be at Level 3.
In Level 2 answers there were generally

missed opportunities. Half-done calculation
and descriptions either with some errors or
lacking in depth. Level 1 answers had
some elements of calculations or
descriptions.
The two exemplars below, illustrate a Level

3 response and a Level 1 response.
Exemplar 7
This is a Level 3 response from a top-end

candidate who scored 6 marks.
The description of the variation of the

resistance of the LDR, the circuit current
and the potential difference across the
fixed resistor is perfect. The calculations of

Mark Scheme
the LDR resistances are nicely embedded

into the general explanation. The
calculation of the frequency is all correct.
This is a model answer for 6 marks.
Compare and contrast this with the Level 1

response below.
Exemplar 8
This is a Level 1 response from an E-grade

candidate.
The description of the variation of the

resistance of the LDR is correct. However,
there are no calculations of the resistance
of the LDR, as required in the question.
Hence, a significant part of the question
has been omitted. According to the
marking criteria, this could only score Level
1. The examiner credited 2 marks for this
response.
Total 6

Mark Scheme
Clear description of method and analysis of Description

data
Circuit with LED connected to a
There is a well-developed line of reasoning variable supply (and series /current
which is clear and logically structured. The limiting resistor) / or use of variable
information presented is relevant and resistor
substantiated. p.d. across LED increased until LED
emits light
Level 2 (3–4 marks) Voltmeter (across LED) used to
Some description of method and analysis measure V
of data Use a range of LEDs
or Clear description or Clear analysis λ determined using diffraction grating /
spectrometer / double-slit / use nλ = d
There is a line of reasoning presented with sinθ / λ = ax/D OR λ determined from
some structure. The information presented manufacturer’s data / known
is in the most part relevant and supported wavelength
by some evidence. Darkroom used / tube placed over LED
used to establish switching of LED /
Level 1 (1–2 marks) switch-on identified from finite ammeter
Limited description reading
or
Limited analysis Analysis of data
There is an attempt at a logical structure Plot of V against λ–1 / eV against λ–1 /

with a line of reasoning. The information is eV against c/λ
in the most part relevant. Line of best-fit drawn through the
points
0 marks Straight line (through origin)
Correct gradient for described graph
No response or no response worthy of hc/e or hc or h
credit. Correct arrangement for determination
of h
h = (gradient × e ) / c or h = gradient / c
(allow numerical values for e and/or c)
Examiner’s Comments
This level of response (LoR) question was

designed to assess practical skills of
planning, implementation, analysis and
evaluation from module 4 of the
specification, specifically 4.5.1(e). A holistic
approach to marking is used, with marks
given according to answers matching the
descriptors for the various levels. No one

Mark Scheme
answer is perfect for this question,

examiners were expecting a varied
approach which would lead to a correct
determination of h. The nature of the
question is such that it can be conveniently
separated into a description of the
experiment and an analysis of it.
The key points in the description that

examiners were looking for were:–a
suitable circuit diagram allowing the
potential difference across the LED to be
both varied and measured – a description
of the method used, specifically measuring
the potential difference across the LED at
the point at which it just lights – a
statement or description of how the
wavelength of the emitted light is
determined or measured – use of a range
of different wavelengths (or colours) of
LEDs.
The key points in the analysis that

examiners were looking for were:–a
suitable graph with appropriate variables
on the correct axes – a description of how
the graph will appear and what the gradient
corresponds to – how the value of h can be
determined from the gradient.
It was clear that many candidates had

carried out this experiment and were able
to give good descriptions and analysis. The
very best was detailed and well-structured
and made every attempt to fully answer
each section of the question. It was
anticipated that the determination of the
wavelength would come from an
experimental method, but it was evident
that many candidates who had carried this
experiment out had used the
manufacturer’s data which is a perfectly
acceptable response. It was important that
candidates described how the potential
difference across the LED was to be
measured as this was specifically asked in
the question and several candidates drew
circuit diagrams which would not have
worked in the required way, often with the
variable resistor across the LED. Many

Mark Scheme
candidates gave extra experimental

details, such as using a darkroom, to help
build up a detailed response.
For the most part, the analysis was done

better than the description and candidates
were generally able to describe the correct
graph and how to determine h. Several
candidates plotted an incorrect graph, such
as V against λ, which meant that they
would not be able to determine h. Some of
the responses were brief and used
symbols with little explanation about how
the analysis was to be carried out.
Total 6
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Physics A (H156, H556)

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

© OCR 2024. You may photocopy this page. 1 of 23 Created in ExamBuilder

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group A: h = (6.3 ± 0.3) × 10−34 J s

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(i) The e.m.f. of the power supply is set at 4.2 V.

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Fig. 17.2 shows the variation of V with time t.

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END OF QUESTION PAPER

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

1 *Level 3 (5–6 marks) B1 × 6 Indicative scientific points may include:

There is a well-developed line of reasoning Explanation

© OCR 2024. You may photocopy this page. 13 of 23 Created in ExamBuilder

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

2 *Level 3 (5–6 marks) B1 × 6 Indicative scientific points may include:

There is a well-developed line of reasoning Explanation

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

3 a i Resistance of parallel combination C1 Allow (1/60 + 1/120)-1

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

ii Any two from:

The current decreases up to 1.5 V B1×2

b Use level of response annotations in RM

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

No response or no response worthy of ‘More data’ required

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

4 Level 3 (5–6 marks) Indicative scientific points may include:

There is a well-developed line of reasoning The ‘trace’ is because of light reaching

Level 1 (1–2 marks)

0 marks Resistance of LDR is 150 (Ω) in light

This was one of the two LoR questions. It

Examiners expect varied responses, and

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

comparable marks as long as the criteria

In Level 2 answers there were generally

The two exemplars below, illustrate a Level

This is a Level 3 response from a top-end

The description of the variation of the

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

the LDR resistances are nicely embedded

Compare and contrast this with the Level 1

This is a Level 1 response from an E-grade

The description of the variation of the

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

5 *Level 3 (5–6 marks) B1 × 6 Indicative scientific points may include: