Guiding Questions

Document A – Henry Cabot Lodge, 1919

1. (Close Reading) What are four reasons that Lodge gives for opposing the Treaty
of Versailles?
- Four reasons that Lodge gives for opposing the Treaty of Versailles:
abandons the policy of Washington's Farewell Address, abandons the
policy of the Monroe Doctrine, it was previously declared against
permanent alliances, and the lives of Americans are put at risk by possibly
more military drafts.

2. (Sourcing) To what extent is Lodge’s speech reliable evidence of the reasons

why Senators opposed the Treaty of Versailles in 1919?
- Lodge states that in article 10, it absolutely guarantees ranks of the armies
and fleets of the navy made necessary by such pledges are to be filled
and manned by the people of America.

Document B – Henry Cabot Lodge, 1915

1. (Close Reading) What is Lodge’s argument in Document B?

2. (Contextualization) Why might Lodge’s argument be different in 1919 (Document

A) than it was in 1915 (Document B)?
-

Document C – John Milton Cooper

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 1. (Close Reading) What does the data in the table suggest about who supported
the Treaty of Versailles?
-

2. (Contextualization, Corroboration) What might Document C and Document D both

suggest about why some Senators opposed the Treaty of Versailles?

Document D – Senator Norris

1. (Close Reading) What reasons does Senator Norris give for opposing the Treaty
of Versailles?
-

2. (Corroboration) To what extent does Senator Norris’s speech corroborate

Lodge’s speech in Document A?
-

Document E – Senator Johnson

1. (Close Reading) What reasons does Senator Johnson give for opposing the
Treaty of Versailles?
-

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 2. (Contextualization, Close Reading) What race issues was Senator Johnson likely
referring to in California and in the South? Given who supported the Treaty (see
Doc C), why might he have made this argument?
-

3. (Corroboration) To what extent does Senator Johnson’s speech corroborate

Lodge’s speech in Document A?
-

League of Nations Essay

In the space below, answer the following question: Why did Senators oppose joining the League
of Nations in 1919?

Write a clear thesis sentence and support it with evidence from the documents.

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