Lesson 1 activities

1. List three reasons why you should use citations

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2. Here is a list of resources that a student used to write their essay:

(a) Harari, Y. (2011) A

​ Brief History of Humankind. H
​ arper: New York

(b) Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 673-685;

(c) International Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report:

Climate Change (2007). ​Direct Global Warming Potentials​.

(d) Mekonnen, M. M. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2012) A Global Assessment of the Water
Footprint of Farm Animal Products. E
​ cosystems 1​ 5 401-15;

(e) Oliveros, C. H., Field, D. J., Ksepka, D. T., Barker, F. K., Aleixo, A., Andersen, M. J.,
Alstrom, P., Benz, B. and Faircloth, B. C. (2019). Earth history and the passerine
superradiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States,116(16), 7916-7925. h ​ ttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813206116

2. What is the correct form of the in text citation in each case?

Your answers

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
3. How would you do an in text citation for the articles at these links? Write your
answer below the article link.

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/22/california-wildfires-10-states
-help-wine-country-bay-area

http://www.jicable.org/wets03/pdf/wets03-1-10.pdf

http://www.interventionjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1571-8883;year=2019;volume=1
7;issue=2;spage=130;epage=139;aulast=Tarannum

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Lesson 2

Write your 100-150 word summary of the lecture I gave in class on your writing
answer sheet. Don’t forget to include in text citations to show which research the
information comes from.

Lesson 3 and 4 activities

We are going to base the first series of questions on the extract below.

How does deforestation contribute to global warming?

“Trees and plants take CO2 out of the air and emit oxygen. This is part of the
photosynthesis process whereby trees and plants convert sunlight into energy.
Vegetation is thus a “carbon sink,” causing a net reduction in atmospheric CO2 (as
opposed to a “carbon source” such as fossil fuel combustion).

Deforestation reduces the carbon sink, and the decay of the resulting dead plant
matter actually becomes a new source of carbon. In many cases, deforestation is
accompanied by burning the dead trees and plant matter, which releases most of the
carbon that had been stored in them. In its 2007 assessment of the scientific literature
on climate, the IPCC concluded that deforestation was responsible for 17% of all
greenhouse gas emissions, with most of those emissions coming from the destruction
of tropical forests in places such as Brazil and Indonesia.
In the past decade, however, Brazil sharply reduced its rate of deforestation. Brazil
reduced its annual rate of Amazon deforestation by 80% between 2004 and 2013
(although the rate increased in 2014 and 2015). At the same time, global emissions of
CO2 from burning fossil fuels soared, with China as the lead contributor. The net
result is that today, deforestation is responsible for closer to 8% of all greenhouse gas
emissions, according to the Global Carbon Project.”

The extract was taken from pages 21 and 22 of ​Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to
Know b
​ y Joseph Romm in 2016.

1. How would you do an in text citation for this article?

2. Write a summary of the paragraph that is between 100 and 150 words long in
the space below. The extract is 221 words long, so you need to reduce the length
by around one third or a half.

Hint:​ Check and see if any sections of the extract from Romm (2016) refer to the
work of other researchers.

To review the explanation of how to do this go to 10’37 on this video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-WL5Vw5Rug&feature=youtu.be
 Lesson 5 activities

From the first video.

1. Write your own short definition of paraphrasing?

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2. GIve three reasons why you should paraphrase?

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3. What is plagiarism and why should you avoid it?
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4. How many words can you copy from the original text?

Lesson 5. From the second video.

While taking notes for your essay, you noted the following quotations. Rewrite
the quotation as a paraphrase in the space below each quotation.

1. “The Earth has experienced five mass extinctions before the one we are living
through now” (Wallace Wells, 2018:1).

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2. “Scientists are as certain that humans are responsible for most recent climate
change as they are that cigarettes are harmful to human health. Studies reveal
that some 97 of 100 actively publishing climate scientists agree with the
overwhelming evidence that humans are causing global warming” (Romm,
2016:9).

3. “The Earth has experienced five mass extinctions before the one we are living
through now” (Wallace Wells, 2018:1).

Why cannot the above quotation be put directly into an essay?

4. TRUE or FALSE. Write T or F next to the sentence.

- You should use a lot of quotations in your essay

- You do not always need an in text citation for a paraphrase or quotation
- You should include long quotations of over 40 words in your essay