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    Shahrukh Sindhi
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    The document discusses anti-protozoal agents used to treat various protozoal infections like amoebiasis and giardiasis. It classifies these agents based on their chemical structure, which includes nitroimidazoles like metronidazole and tinidazole, as well as miscellaneous agents like pentamidine, atovaquone, and eflornithine. It describes the mechanisms of action of these different drug classes, such as how nitroimidazoles form reactive radicals that damage DNA and kill protozoa. The agents are also categorized based on whether they destroy tissue-invading amoeba or act as luminal amoebicides against intestinal forms of a

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    Anti protaozoal agents

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    The document discusses anti-protozoal agents used to treat various protozoal infections like amoebiasis and giardiasis. It classifies these agents based on their chemical structure, which includes nitroimidazoles like metronidazole and tinidazole, as well as miscellaneous agents like pentamidine, atovaquone, and eflornithine. It describes the mechanisms of action of these different drug classes, such as how nitroimidazoles form reactive radicals that damage DNA and kill protozoa. The agents are also categorized based on whether they destroy tissue-invading amoeba or act as luminal amoebicides against intestinal forms of a

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    7 views3 pages

    Anti Protozoal Agents

    Uploaded by

    Shahrukh Sindhi
    The document discusses anti-protozoal agents used to treat various protozoal infections like amoebiasis and giardiasis. It classifies these agents based on their chemical structure, which includes nitroimidazoles like metronidazole and tinidazole, as well as miscellaneous agents like pentamidine, atovaquone, and eflornithine. It describes the mechanisms of action of these different drug classes, such as how nitroimidazoles form reactive radicals that damage DNA and kill protozoa. The agents are also categorized based on whether they destroy tissue-invading amoeba or act as luminal amoebicides against intestinal forms of a

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Part-2: Anti-protozoal Agents

    Protozoal infections: Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomonas, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis

    These infections are transmitted by insect vectors or directly from other mammalians.

    Protozoa multiply rapidly in hosts because:

     Unavailability of effective vaccines.


     Chemotherapy is only practical way to treat infected part & reduce transmission.

    Classification of Anti-protozoal agents

     Chemical Classification (Main)

    Anti-protozoal Agents

    Nitro-
    Miscellaneous
    imidazoles

    Pentamidine
    Metronidazole Tinidazole Ornidazole Iodoquinol Diloxanide Atovaquone Eflornithine
    isethionate

    MOA of Nitro-imidazoles: Broad spectrum bactericidal drugs activated by reduction of nitro group to
    anion radical  this highly reactive radical forms adjuncts with protein & DNA leading to strand
    breakage  loss of function  cell death.

    MOA of Iodoquinol & Diloxanide: Destroy trophozoites of E. histolytica

    MOA of Pentamidine isethionate: Interferes with DNA replication & its function

    MOA of Atovaquone & Eflornithine: Decrease pyrimidine synthesis, preventing DNA synthesis 
    protozoal death by blocking mitochondrial electron transport complex-III of respiratory chain of
    protozoa.

    Anti-protozoal
    Agents

    Luminal amoebicide
    Tissue amoebicide (Agents that treat asymptomatic
    (Agents that destroy amoeba having tissue) or mild intestinal form so
    amoebiasis

    Pentamidine
    Metronidazole Tinidazole Ornidazole Iodoquinol Diloxanide Atovaquone Eflornithine
    isethionate
    Atovaquone

    Eflornithine

    Diloxanide

    Iodoquinol
    Pentamidine isethionate

    Synthesis of Metronidazole

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