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● Considered the Golden Age of Greek Art, fundamentally influential for developing
Western Civilization and the Roman Empire
● This period is known for their emphasis on capturing the essence of humanity and
the natural world with the focus on proportion, anatomy and idealized beauty.
● Golden Ratio: The Beauty Proportion
o For Ancient Greek philosophers and artists alike, there was a close
association between beauty and truth. As the Ancient Greeks did, we can
understand beauty and truth in mathematical terms. Aristotle’s golden mean
represented the way to live a life of virtuous heroism by avoiding any
extremes. For Socrates, all areas of virtue and beauty were manifestations of
proportion and measurement.
Summarize
o Pythagoras and Euclid developed the golden ratio based on two quantities
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and the proportion between them. The ratio between these two
measurements should be equal to the ratio between the larger measurement
and the sum of the two measurements.
o A substantial amount of Ancient Greek architecture employed the golden
ratio, with perhaps the most well-known being the Parthenon. Phidias
oversaw the building of the Parthenon. Today, the golden ratio is known by
the Greek letter phi to honor Phidias’ contribution to the most perfect building
imaginable.
● Sculpture: Aphrodite of Knidos by Praxiteles of Athens (Praxiteles, though, pioneered
the female nude in his Aphrodite of Knidos (4th century BCE), a work that has been
referenced time and time again in the ensuing centuries.)
● Architecture: Parthenon for Athena, temples, theaters, yung mga columns (doric,
ionic and Corinthian)
● Painting: Frescos: A Bridge Between Ancient Greek and Roman Classicism Period
art (link: https://artincontext.org/classical-art/) explain further
Bridge: fresco
Roman Classical Period:
● Had high regard for Greek art, many times they would copy the Greek’s works or
take the original with them as they conquered other areas
● Roman art became less idealized and intellectual and became more secular and
functional
● This practical and innovative work produced bridges, sewers, road and aqueducts
● Impact: examples of artworks influenced by the classical era like for example: the
birth of venus by Botticelli during the renaissance era is influenced by the “Aphrodite”
sculpture, Pantheon kay influenced by Parthenon
● Una ag Greece
● examples
● Rome followed
● Examples