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(Sec 3) Graphs (Challenging Questions) Solutions

1. The diagram shows the graph of y  ka x  1

Given that the graph passes through points (0, ‒1) and (3, ‒53).
Find (a) the value of k
(b) the value of a
y

x
. (0, ‒1)

y  ka x  1
At (0, ‒1) (1)  ka 0  1
(1)  k (1)  1
 k  2 (ans)

At (3, ‒53) (53)  (2)a3  1

54  2a3
27  a3
a  3 (ans)

Ans : (a) k = ‒2,

(b) a = 3

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2. The point (1, 1) is marked on the diagrams below.

Sketch the following graphs, indicating any x and / or y intercepts with the axes
(a) y  2(3x )
(b) xy  3x  2

y y

. (1, 1) . (1, 1)

x x

(a) y

. (1, 1)
x

(b) y

xy  3x  2
3
2
y  3
x

. (1, 1)

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3(a) Sketch the graph of y  2( x  3)( x  2) indicating clearly its intercepts with the axes and its
turning point.

y y  2( x  3)( x  2)

1
x=
2

1 x
‒2 3
2

‒12
1 1
 , 12 
2 2
(b) Write down the equation of the line of symmetry.

1
Ans: The equation of the line of symmetry is x =
2

(c) Write down the coordinates of the turning point

1 1
Ans: The coordinates of the turning point is  , 12 
2 2

(d) Write down another quadratic equation, other than y  2( x  3)( x  2) that has the same roots
and its y-intercept is ‒24.

At x  0, y  24
24  a(0  3)(0  2)
a4
 y  4( x  3)( x  2)

Ans: y  4( x  3)( x  2)

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4. The curve y = 2(x + 2)(x + m) cuts the y-axis at (0, ‒8)

(a) Find the value of m
(b) Using the value of m found in part (a), find the coordinates of the points where the curve
cuts the x-axis.
(c) Sketch the graph, indicating clearly its intercepts with the axes and its turning point.

(a) At (0, ‒8)

‒8 = 2(2)(m)
m = ‒2 (ans)

(b) y = 2(x + 2)(x ‒ 2)

when y = 0, 2(x + 2)(x ‒ 2) = 0
x = ‒2, x = 2
Coordinates are (‒2, 0) and (2, 0) (ans)

(c) Sketch the graph

Line of symmetry is x = 0
y

x
‒2 0 2

‒8

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5. The diagram shows the graph of y  x 2  4 x  12

(a) The graph cuts the y-axis at C (0, k), write down the value of k.
(b) The graph cuts the x-axis at A and B, find the coordinates of A and B
(c) Write down the equation of the line of symmetry
(d) Write down the coordinates of the minimum point of the curve.

x
B 0 A

C
(a) Let x = 0,
y  x 2  4 x  12
y  0  0  12
 12
 k  12

(b) Let y = 0,
y  x 2  4 x  12  0
( x  2)( x  6)  0
x  2 or x  6

A = (2, 0)

B = (‒6, 0)

2  (6)
(c) The equation of the line of symmetry is x   2
2

(d) y  x 2  4 x  12
when x  2, y   2   4  2   12
2

y  4  8  12
 16

Coordinates of the minimum point is (‒2, ‒16)

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6. The diagram shows the graph of y  ( x  3)2  2

It cuts the y-axis at A
(a) Find the coordinates of A
(b) Find the equation of the line of symmetry for the graph
(c) Find the coordinates of the minimum point of the curve.
y

0 3 x

y  ( x  3)2  2

(a) When x = 0, y = (0 ‒ 3)² + 2

= 11

Coordinates of A is (0, 11)

(b) Equation of the line of symmetry is x = 3

(c) When x = 3, y = (3 ‒ 3)² + 2

= 2

Coordinates of the minimum point is (3, 2)

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7. The diagram shows the graph of y  ( x  3)( x  5)

It cuts the x-axis at A and B and the y-axis at C
(a) Find the coordinates of A and B
(b) Find the coordinates of C
(c) Find the equation of the line of symmetry
(d) Find the coordinates of the minimum point of the curve.

x
B 0 A

(a) Let y = 0,
y  ( x  3)( x  5)  0
x  3 or x  5

A = (5, 0)

B = (‒3, 0)

(b) Let x = 0,
y  ( x  3)( x  5)
y  (0  3)(0  5)
 15

C = (0, ‒15)

5  (3)
(c) The equation of the line of symmetry is x  1
2

(d) y  ( x  3)( x  5)
when x  1, y  1  31  5
 (4)( 4)
 16

Coordinate of the minimum point (1, ‒16)

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8. The diagram shows the graph of y  x( x  2)( x  5) and the line y  2 x  6

The curve cuts the x-axis at points A, B and C
(a) Write down the coordinates of A, B and C.
(b) The point (3, q) lies on the curve. Find the value of q
(c) Write down and simplify the cubic equation which satisfied by the values of x at the point
where the two graphs meet.

y  2x  6
A B C
x
0

y  x( x  2)( x  5)

(a)
y  x( x  2)( x  5)
The curve cuts the x-axis  y = 0
x( x  2)( x  5)  0
x  0, x  2, x  5

Ans: coordinates of A, B and C are (0, 0), (2, 0) and (5, 0)

(b) At point (3, q), y  x( x  2)( x  5)

y  3(3  2)(3  5)
 6
 q  6 (ans)

(c) y  x( x  2)( x  5)
y  2x  6
2 x  6  x( x  2)( x  5)
2 x  6  x3  7 x 2  10 x
x3  7 x 2  8 x  6  0 (ans)

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Answer the whole of this question on a single sheet of graph paper

9. The table below gives some values of x and the corresponding values of y for y   x 2  5x  3

x ‒1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y ‒3 3 7 k 9 7 3

(a) Calculate the value of k.

(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit for x-axis and a scale of 1 cm to represent 1
unit for y-axis, draw the graph of y   x 2  5x  3 for 1  x  5
(c) The point (2 , k) lies on the curve. Use your graph to find the value(s) of k
(d) Use your graph to find the solution of y   x 2  5 x  1
(e) (i) On the same graph, draw the line y  x 1
(ii) Write down the x-coordinates of the points at which the line intersects the curve
(iii) Find the equation in the form ax2  bx  c  0 whose solutions are the x-
coordinates found in (e) (ii).

Solution:

See next page for answer

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Answer for Q9
scale of x-axis 2 cm to represent 1 unit
scale of y-axis 1 cm to represent 1 unit

y
y   x2  5x  3
10

y=4
4

(e) (i) y  x 1
.

0.90 0.20 4.60 4.80 x

‒2 ‒1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

‒2

‒4

(a) (d)  x 2  5 x  1
y   x2  5x  3  x2  5x  3  4
y  (2) 2  5(2)  3 y 4
9 Ans: (0.2, 4) and (4.8, 4)
 k  9 (ans)
(e) (ii)
x  0.80
(b) Graph plotted as shown x  4.60

(c) x = 2, y = 9 (e) (iii)

x 1   x2  5x  3
k = 9 (ans)
x 2  4 x  4  0 (ans)

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Answer the whole of this question on a single sheet of graph paper

x3 5
10. The table below gives some values of x and the corresponding values of y for y    3
10 x

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2.1 0.3 1.36 4.65 p

(a) Calculate the value of p.

(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit, draw a horizontal x-axis for 1  x  5 and
using a scale of 1 cm to represent 1 unit, draw a vertical y-axis for 1  y  11 , plot
the points given in the table.
x3 5
(c) Use your graph to find the solution of  4
10 x
(d) On the same graph, draw a tangent at (4, 4.65), find the gradient of the curve at
(4, 4.65)
x3 5
(e) Use your graph to find the coordinates of the minimum point of y   3
10 x

Solution:

See next page for answer

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Answer for Q 10
scale of x-axis 2 cm to represent 1 unit
scale of y-axis 1 cm to represent 1 unit

y
11
.
10
x3 5
9 y  3
10 x
8

5 . (4, 4.65)
4

3 (d)
4.65  0
gradient   4.65
2 43
y=1 1
.
1.30 2.85 x

‒2 ‒1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
‒1
(e) (2, 0.3)
‒2

x3 5 x3 5
(a) y  3 (c) y  3
10 x 10 x
(5)3 5
p  3 x3 5
10 (5)  4
10 x
p  12.5  1  3
x3 5
p  10.5 (ans)  3 1
10 x
(b) Graph plotted as shown  y 1
Ans: (1.30, 1) and (2.85, 1)

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