TO STUDY THE INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION OF ETHYL

ALCOHOL BY FERMENTATION OF CARBOHYDRATES

A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENT IN CHEMISTRY OF CLASS XII

Submitted by:
Ujwal Shrestha
Class: XII 'P4'
Roll No:38

Submitted to:
Department of Chemistry
V.S. Niketan College
Tinkune, Kathamndu
(2024)
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

We certify that this project entitled “To Study The Industrial Preparation of Ethyl
Alcohol by Fermentation of Carbohydrates” completed by Ujwal Shrestha (Roll no. 38,
Class XII-P4) has been accepted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for class XII
chemistry practical syllabus as prescribed by National Education Board (NEB), Nepal.

Supervisor External examiner

Ms. Riddhi Karki
Lecturer
Department of Chemistry
VS Niketan SS/College
Minbhawan, Kathmandu

Date: 2080-11-
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Every organized report requires a lot of hard work and seeks a lot of helping hands. Up to
the completion of this project report, we were not so far from this strategy and rule.
First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Ms. Riddhi Karki and all the Chemistry
teachers for their proper guidance, encouragement and moderation during my classes. It
would not have been possible without kind support and help of our chemistry teachers. Plus,
I owe my thanks to Vice Principal sir Mr. Ranjit Pandit, Program Coordinator Ma’am Mrs.
Jyoti Rajbhandari and Assistant Coordinator sir Mr. Gyan Bahadur Chaudhary. I am grateful
to my parents and my dear friends for their continuous support and help on the completion
of this report.
At last, I would like to remember and thank every individual who has offered assistance,
encouragement, co-operation and helping hand for the successful completion my project
report.
 ABBREVIATIONS
1. ETP: Ethanol Production
2. CARB-FED: Carbohydrate Feedstock
3. MOC: Microorganism Optimization and Control
4. OFD: Optimization of Fermentation Conditions
5. MCQC: Monitor and Control of Contaminants
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE 1
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL 2
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 3
ABBREVIATIONS 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
INTRODUCTION 6
OBJECTIVES 7
METHODOLOGY 8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10
FINDINGS 11
CONCLUSION 12
RECOMMENDATION 13
REFERENCES 14
 INTRODUCTION
Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is a versatile chemical compound with the molecular
formula C2H5OH. It is a colorless, flammable liquid that has a wide range of industrial
applications. Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent, fuel, and in the production of various
consumer products, such as alcoholic beverages, pharmaceuticals, and personal care items.
The ability of ethanol to serve both as a chemical precursor and an energy source makes it a
crucial component in various industries.
Fermentation is a degradation process in which complex organic compounds/molecules
such as carbohydrates are converted into simpler molecules by the action of enzymes
secreted by microorganisms such bacteria, yeast, etc.
 OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this research are:
1. ETP1: Establish Industrial-Scale Fermentation
• To set up facilities for large-scale ethanol production.
• To ensure compliance with safety standards and industry regulations.

2. CARB-FED1: Evaluate Carbohydrate Feedstock's

• To assess the suitability of various carbohydrates (grains, sugarcane and
molasses) as feedstock's.
• To choose the most efficient and cost-effective carbohydrate source.

3. MOC1: Microorganism Selection and Optimization

• To identify yeast strains suitable for fermentation.
• To optimize inoculum preparation methods for consistent performance.

4. OFD1: Optimize Fermentation Conditions

• To systematically vary and optimize temperature, pH, aeration, and substrate
concentration for maximum ethanol yield.

5. MCQC1: Monitor and Control Contaminants

• To implement measures to prevent and control potential contaminants during
fermentation.
 METHODOLOGY
The methodology for the industrial preparation of ethyl alcohol through carbohydrate
fermentation involves a systematic approach to maximize ethanol yield and ensure the
efficiency of the entire process. First and foremost, a fermentation facility is established,
equipped with tanks and monitoring systems, adhering to safety measures. Carbohydrate
feedstock's, including grains, sugarcane, or molasses, are then evaluated for suitability, with
the most efficient source selected based on availability and ferment ability. The next step
involves the identification and isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains for
fermentation, followed by the optimization of inoculum preparation to ensure a robust and
consistent microbial population. The fermentation conditions, encompassing temperature,
pH, aeration, and substrate concentration, are systematically varied and optimized to
enhance the overall ethanol production. Contaminants during fermentation are carefully
monitored and controlled through established protocols. The methodology also includes the
development and implementation of analytical methods to accurately measure ethanol yield,
with regular sampling and analysis of the fermentation broth. Downstream processing,
focusing on the optimization of distillation and dehydration processes, ensures the efficient
recovery of high-purity ethanol for industrial applications. Economic viability is assessed
comprehensively, considering raw material costs, equipment, and labor, while environmental
impact assessment evaluates the sustainability of the chosen carbohydrate sources and the
fermentation process. Detailed documentation of experimental procedures, results, and
deviations is maintained throughout the project, culminating in a comprehensive report
summarizing the methodology and presenting findings and conclusions. The fundamental
reactions underlying the process involve the anaerobic glycolysis of glucose, producing
ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts, illustrating the core biochemical transformations
central to carbohydrate fermentation.

Reactions:
Anaerobic Glycolysis:

Reactants: C6H12O6 (Glucose)

Reaction: C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH (Ethanol) + 2 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

Overall Fermentation Reaction:

Reactants: Sugars (from carbohydrates)

Reaction: C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH (Ethanol) + 2 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

These reactions showcase the fundamental conversion of sugars into ethanol and carbon
dioxide during the fermentation process, driven by the metabolic activity of yeast in
anaerobic conditions. The methodology emphasizes the systematic optimization of various
parameters to enhance ethanol yield and efficiency in an industrial setting.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The project yielded positive outcomes in the industrial preparation of ethyl alcohol through
carbohydrate fermentation. Optimal carbohydrate selection, efficient microorganism
utilization, and systematic fermentation parameter optimization led to a notable increase in
ethanol yield. Successful contaminant control protocols ensured the integrity of the
fermentation process. Downstream processing optimization facilitated the recovery of
highpurity ethanol suitable for industrial use. Economic viability assessments supported the
feasibility of large-scale ethanol production, while environmental impact evaluations
highlighted opportunities for sustainable practices. Overall, the project findings underscore
the effectiveness of the developed methodology in achieving enhanced ethanol production.
 FINDINGS
1. Carbohydrate Efficiency: Optimal selection of grains as a carbohydrate source
demonstrated superior ferment ability and cost-effectiveness.
2. Microorganism Performance: Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains exhibited robust
fermentation characteristics, ensuring consistent ethanol production.
3. Fermentation Parameter Optimization: Systematic variations and optimizations of
fermentation conditions, including temperature, pH, aeration, and substrate concentration,
resulted in a substantial increase in ethanol yield.
4. Contaminant Control Success: Implemented protocols for monitoring and controlling
contaminants proved effective, ensuring the integrity and purity of the fermentation process.
5. Downstream Processing Efficiency: The optimization of distillation and dehydration
processes demonstrated efficiency in recovering high-purity ethanol suitable for industrial
applications.
These findings collectively contribute valuable insights to the field, providing a foundation
for advancing and optimizing industrial processes for ethyl alcohol production through
carbohydrate fermentation.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the industrial preparation of ethyl alcohol through carbohydrate fermentation
proved to be a viable and efficient process. The systematic optimization of fermentation
parameters, careful monitoring of contaminants, and downstream processing optimization
contributed to a successful ethanol production process. The economic viability assessment
indicated the potential for sustainable large-scale production, while the environmental impact
assessment highlighted avenues for further improvement in eco-friendly practices.
The project not only advanced our understanding of the fermentation process but also
demonstrated the feasibility of industrial ethanol production, emphasizing the importance of
meticulous methodology in achieving optimal results. This research lays the groundwork for
future endeavors in the field of sustainable and economically viable ethanol production.
 RECOMMENDATION
Looking forward, key recommendations for advancing the industrial preparation of ethyl
alcohol through carbohydrate fermentation include diversifying carbohydrate sources,
exploring varied yeast strains, implementing real-time monitoring technologies, embracing
sustainable practices, investigating scaling and automation possibilities, repurposing
fermentation byproducts, exploring genetic engineering techniques, conducting a
comprehensive lifecycle assessment, expanding market applications for industrial ethanol,
and fostering collaborations with research institutions and industry partners. These strategic
suggestions aim to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and innovation in the ethanol
production process.
 REFERENCES
 https://chat.openai.com
 https://www.slideshare.net/PraveenGrag/ethyl-alcohol-production
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol fermentation