Anesthetic Cocktails

(Xylazine/Ketamine combinations)

Concentration of mixture Dosage Dose and Route

Species
(mg/ml) (mg/kg BW ) * (unit of BW) *

ketamine xylazine acepromazine ketamine xylazine acepromazine

Cat Cat - 1ml/10 lbs IM

50.0 7.1 2.1 11.2 1.6 0.5
Ferret Ferret - 1ml/14.5kg

1ml/30 lbs IV
Dog 50.0 7.1 2.1 3.7 0.5 0.2
1ml/14.0kg

Goat 1ml/ 60 lbs IV

47.6 4.8 4.8 1.8 0.2 0.2
Sheep 1ml/28kg

Mouse - 0.1-
Mouse 0.2ml/25gm IP
30.0 4.0 --- 120-240 16-32 ---
Gerbil Gerbil - 0.3-0.6ml 75gm
IP

Pig
83.3 16.7 --- 10.4 2.1 --- 1 ml/ 8 kg IM
Mini Pig

Rabbit 42.9 8.5 1.4 28.6 5.7 1.0 1ml / 1.5 kg IM

Rat - 0.1-0.2ml/250gm
Rat IP

Guinea G.P. - 0.2-0.4ml/500gm

60.0 8.0 --- 24-48 3.2-6.4 ---
Pig IP,IM

Hamster Hamster - 0.05-

0.1ml/125gm IP, IM

* BW = Body Weight

Mouse Anesthesia
 Dose and
Anesthetic Concentration Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia
Route

Mouse Cocktail 0.1-0.2ml/25

Ketamine 30mg/ml
(Ketamine, gm 3-5
Xylazine 4mg/ml 30-40 minutes
Xylazine) IM, IP minutes

Isoflurane
(need precision induction 4-5%
2-3
vaporizer to maintenance 1-2% Inhalation until disconnected
minutes
deliver the agent)

Halothane
(need precision induction 4-5%
2-3
vaporizer to maintenance 1-2% Inhalation until disconnected
minutes
deliver the agent)

M - 1 mg/kg
Medetomidine 1mg/ml
Medetomidine* + IM 2
Ketamine 100mg/ml 30 minutes
Ketamine K = 75mg/kg minutes

Mouse Cocktail Ketamine 30mg and

(Ketamine, Xylazine 4mg per ml of mouse 0.1-0.2ml/25 3-5
30-40 minutes
Xylazine) cocktail gm IP minutes

50mg/kg IP
(40-90 range)
5
Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 30 minutes
minutes
1.25mg/25gm

0.05-0.1ml/25
Rat Cocktail Ketamine 60mg/ml and
gm 3-5
(double strength Xylazine 8mg per ml of rat cocktail 30-40 minutes
IP, IM minutes
mouse cocktail)

*can be reversed with atipamezole (1mg/kg SC, IP or IV)

Mouse Analgesics

Brand
Analgesic Concentration Dose and Route Frequency
Name

tablets & liquid

300mg/kg PO
every 4 hrs
Acetaminophen Tylenol 700mg/25g PO
various concentrations
 tablets & liquid

baby aspirin = 125mg every 4 hrs

Aspirin Various 120mg/kg PO

adult = 325mg

0.05-2.0mg/kg SC,
IP
0.3mg/ml every 8-12 hrs
Buprenorphine Buprenex 0.00125-
0.0600mg/25g SC

10mg/ml every 6 hrs

Butorphanol Torbugesic 1-5mg/kg SC

120mg acetaminophen

Codeine/Tylenol 12 mg codeine 1ml/ 100 ml every 6 hrs

Various
elixir drinking PO H20
in 5ml elixir

4-8mg/kg IM, SC
10mg/ml every 4 hrs
Nalbuphine Nubain 0.1-0.2mg/25g IM

Rat Anesthesia

Anesthesia Concentration Dose and Route Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia

Ketamine 60mg and

Rat Cocktail
Xylazine 8mg per ml of 0.1-0.2ml/250g IM,
(Ketamine, Xylazine) 3-5 minutes 30-40 minutes
cocktail IP

Isoflurane
(need precision
induction 4-5%
vaporizer to deliver the Inhalation 2-3 minutes until disconnected
maintenance 1-2%
agent)

Halothane
(need precision
induction 4-5%
vaporizer to deliver the Inhalation 2-3 minutes until disconnected
maintenance 1-2%
agent)

Medetomidine* +
M = 1mg/ml 300mg/kg IP
Fentanyl
F = 50µ gm/ml 300µ gm/kg IP 2 minutes 30 minutes
(combination)

Medetomidine* +
M = 1mg/ml 0.5 mg/kg IM, SC 2 minutes 30 minutes
Ketamine
 K = 100mg/ml 75mg/kg IP

30 mg/kg
(7.5mg/250mg) 5 minutes 90 minutes
Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 50mg/kg 5 minutes 120 minutes
(10.5mg/250mg)

Telazol tiletamine 50mg/ml 20mg/kg IP, IM

(tiletamine + zolazepam) zolazepam 50mg/ml 5mg/250g IP, IM 3-5 minutes 30-60 minutes
(1:1)

100mg/ml saline 80mg/kg IP

Inactin (EMTU -
10% solution 20mg/250gm IP 3-5 minutes 3-4 hrs
ethylmalonythiourea)

*can be reversed with atipamezole (1mg/kg SQ ,IP or IV)

Rat Analgesics

Brand
Analgesic Concentration Dose and Route Frequency
Name

110-300mg/kg PO
Tablets or liquid every 4 hrs
Acetaminophen Tylenol 25-75mg/250g)

Tablets or liquid

100mg/kg PO
baby = 125mg/tablet every 4 hrs
Aspirin Various 2.5mg/250g)

adult = 325mg/tablet

0.1-1.5 mg/kg SC, IP

0.3mg/ml every 6-12 hrs
Buprenorphine Buprenex 0.025-0.1mg/250g

0.05-2 mg/kg SC
10mg/ml every 4 hrs
Butorphanol Torbugesic 0.012-0.5mg/250g

1-2mg/kg IM
10mg/ml every 4 hrs
Nalbuphine Nubain 0.25-0.5mg/250g

Synapse Volume 25 #3, September 1992, pp36-37

Buprenorphine
1. Decide on the dose (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) is recommended. (0.025-0.10mg/250g)
Jello Recipe for
rodent analgesia
2 Determine dosage. Plan on one ml volume of Jello per average weight of rat, thus, for example, 0.33 ml
Feed Jello without
Buprenex per 0.66ml of jello/250g rat.
the drug to get the
animals
3. Making enough Jello for twice daily dosing for up to 4 days. Strawberry seems to be the favorite.
accustomed to the
Jello. 4. Follow the Jello recipe up to the part where you dissolve the Jello in hot liquid. Reduce the volume of cold
water by the volume of Buprenex you will be adding first. Add the cold H2O. Wait until mixture is less than
90F before adding Buprenorphine. Pour into ice cube trays @ 4 ml/section. Freeze and administer 1 cube/4
rats twice daily.

5. Dose by giving 1/4 of a 4 ml cube per rat. place on cage floor on top of rodent food.

Rabbit Anesthesia

Dose and
Anesthesia Concentration Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia
Route

42.8mg/ml
Rabbit Cocktail
1.4mg/ml
(ketamine, xylazine and 5-10
1ml/1.5kg IM 30 minutes
acepromazine) minutes
8.5mg/ml

1-2
Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 28mg/kg IV 30-45 minutes
minutes

Isoflurane
(need precision
induction 4-5% 2-3
vaporizer to deliver the Inhalation until discontinued
maintenance 1-2% minutes
agent)

Halothane
(need precision
induction 4-5% 2-3
vaporizer to deliver the Inhalation until discontinued
maintenance 1-2% minutes
agent)

Ketamine 44mg/kg IM
5-10
(sedative not analgesic) 100mg/ml 15-20mg/kg IV 20 minutes
minutes

Ketamine and
100mg/ml K: 25mg/kg IM
Diazepam 5-10
10mg/ml D: 5mg/kg IM 20-30 minutes
Valium (Diazepam) minutes

Anti-Cholinergic drugs For Rabbits **

Drug Concentration Dose and

Route

Atropine 0.5mg/ml 0.2-1mg/kg SC, **Not an anesthetic/analgesic

IM

Glycopyrrolate 0.2mg/ml 0.1-0.2mg/kg **Not an anesthetic/analgesic

SC, IM
Rabbit Analgesics

Analgesic Brand Name Concentration Dose and Route Frequency

Buprenorphine Buprenex 0.3mg/ml 0.01-0.05mg/kg every 8-12 hrs

SC, IM, IV

Butorphanol Torbugesic 10mg/ml 0.05-2.0mg/kg every 4 hrs

SC, IM

Nalbuphine Nubain 10mg/ml 1-2mg/kg every 4-5 hrs

IM, SC, IV

Canine Anesthesia

Anesthesia Concentration Dose and Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia

Route

Dog cocktail ketamine 50mg/ml Dog: 1ml/30lb 1-5 minutes 30-45 minutes
(RAAK) * xylazine 7.1mg/ml IV
(Rompun) 1ml/14kg
(ketamine, xylazine,
acepromazine, acepromazine 2mg/ml
atropine)
atropine 0.1mg/ml

Thiopental 4% (40mg/ml) 5-15mg/kg IV <1min. 5-10minutes

(Pentothal)

Isoflurane induction 4-5% Inhalation 3-5 minutes Until disconnected

maintenance 1-2%

Halothane induction 4-5% Inhalation 3-5 minutes Until disconnected

maintenance 1-2%

Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 20-30mg/kg 1-3 minutes 40 minutes

IV (supplement as needed)

RAAK * {Rompun (Xylazine)

{Atropine
{Acepromazine
{Ketamine

Canine Analgesics
Analgesic Brand Name Concentration Dose and Route Frequency

Aspirin Various Adult = 325mg/tablet 10-25mg/kg PO every 8-12 hrs

Buprenorphine Buprenex 0.3mg/ml 0.01-0.02mg/kg SC, IM every 8-12 hrs

Butorphanol Torbugesic 10mg/ml 0.2-1.2mg/kg SC, IM every 2-5 hrs

0.05-0.2mg/kg IV

Ketoprofen Orudis 50mg/tablet 1mg/kg PO, IV every 24 hrs

Ketofen 100mg/ml

Nalbuphine Nubain 10mg/ml 0.5-2.0mg/kg every 3-8 hrs

SC, IM, IV

Phenylbutazone Butazolidin 100mg/tablet 15-22mg/kg PO every 8-12 hrs

**not to exceed
800mg/day

Rimadyl Carprofen various sizes 1mg/lb PO every 12 hrs

2.2mg/kg

Fentanyl patch 25µ gm patch for dogs <10kg, Shave an area on the dorsal neck and
(sustained 50µ gm patch for dogs 10-20kg apply the patch. Cover with vetwrap.
analgesia)
75µ gm patch for dogs 20-30kg *Apply patch 24 hr prior to surgery to reach steady state.

100 µ gm patch for dogs >30kg. Remove patch 3-5 days after date of

application.

Feline Anesthesia

Anesthesia Concentration Dose and Route Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia

RAAK ketamine 50mg/ml 1cc/10lb IM 5-10 30-45 minutes

xylazine 7.1mg/ml minutes

acepromazine
2mg/ml

atropine 0.1mg/ml

Isoflurane induction 4-5% Inhalation 3-5 minutes Until disconnected

maintenance 1-2%

Halothane induction 4-5% Inhalation 3-5 minutes Until disconnected

 maintenance 1-2%

Ketamine + 60 mg/ml 0.1ml/lb IM 3-5 minutes 60 minutes

Xylazine 8 mg/ml

Pentobarbital 65 mg/ml 30mg/kg IV 3 minutes 30-60 minutes

Feline Analgesics

Analgesic Brand Name Concentration Dose and Route Frequency

Buprenorphine Buprenex 0.3mg/ml 0.005-0.01mg/kg every 12 hrs

SC, IM

Butorphanol Torbugesic 10mg/ml 0.1-0.4mg/kg SC, IM every 6 hrs

Fentanyl patch Uncover 1/2 to 2/3 of a 25µ gm Applied to the shaven thorax. Use a small amount of super glue to each
(sustained patch corner to help adhesion. No bandage is required. You should apply the
analgesia) Do not cut the patch as this alters patch 3-4 hours prior to surgery. The patch is then removed 3-5 days later.
the release rate. Studies show steady serum levels that last at least 104 hours. Do not use
heating pads because this will
increase absorption.

Aspirin baby aspirin 125gm/tablet 10mg/kg PO every 48-72 hrs

(may cause serious side effects if given more
frequently)

Primate Anesthesia

(Species dependent)

Anesthesia Concentration Dose and Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia

Route

Isoflurane induction 4-5% Inhalation 3-5 minutes Until disconnected

maintenance
1-2%

Halothane induction 4-5% Inhalation 3-5 minutes Until disconnected

maintenance
1-2%

Ketamine 100mg/ml 10- 3-5 minutes 15-30 minutes

15mg/kg
IM
Ketamine + K: 100mg/ml K: 3-5 minutes 15-45 minutes
Acepromazine A: 10mg/ml 10mg/kg (sedation)
IM
A: 0.5-
1.0mg/kg
IM

Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 5- 1-3 minutes 30-45 minutes

15mg/kg
IV

Thiopental 4% (40mg/kg) 15- 1-3 minutes 15-30 minutes

(Pentothal) 20mg/kg
IV

Telazol tiletamine 2-6mg/kg 5-12 minutes 30 minutes

50mg/ml IM, IV
zolazepam
(1:1) 50mg/ml

PRIMATE ANALGESIC

Analgesic Brand Concentration Dose and Route Frequency

Name

Buprenorphine Buprenex 0.3mg/ml 0.01 mg/kg IM, IV every 12 hrs

Nalbuphine Nubain 10mg/ml 2.5-5mg/kg IM every 3-4 hrs

Swine Anesthesia

Anesthesia Concentration Dose and Route Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia

Isoflurane induction 4-5% Inhalation 2-3 until disconnected

maintenance 1-2% minutes

Halothane induction 4-5% Inhalation 2-3 until disconnected

maintenance 1-2% minutes

Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 25-35mg/kg IV 2-5 30 minutes

minutes

Pig Cocktail Ketamine 83.3mg/ml 1ml/8kg IM 5-10 30-45 minutes

(may add Xylazine 16.67mg/ml (3ml/50lbs) minutes
acepromazine
1mg/kg)

Telazol/Xylazine Xylazine 100 mg/ml 2 mg/kg IM Xylazine 2-5 20-30 minutes

(mix in same Telazol 100mg/ml 5 mg/kg IM Telazol minutes
syringe)

Thiopental 4% 40mg/ml 24-30mg/kg IV 2 minutes 15 minutes

(Pentothal)

Swine Analgesics

Analgesic Brand Name Dose and Route Frequency

Aspirin Various 325 mg/tablet 10-20mg/kg PO every 4 hrs

Buprenorphine Buprenex 0.3mg/ml 0.005-0.01mg/kg every 12 hrs

IM, IV

Butorphanol Torbugesic 10mg/mg 0.1-0.3mg/kg every 2-5 hrs

SC, IM, IV

Nalbuphine Nubain 10mg/ml 1-2mg/kg SC, IM every 8 hrs

Sheep/Goat Anesthesia

Anesthesia Concentration Dose and Route Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia

Goat Cocktail Ketamine 47.6/ml 1ml/60lbs IM 5-10 30-45 minutes

Xylazine 4.8mg/ml minutes

Acepromazine
4.8mg/ml

Isoflurane induction 4-5% Inhalation 2-3 until disconnected

maintenance 1-2% minutes

Halothane induction 4-5% Inhalation 2-3 until disconnected

maintenance 1-2% minutes

Ketamine/Valium 100mg/ml Ketamine K: 4 mg/kg IV 2 minutes For induction and intubation

combination 10 mg/ml Valium V: 0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV

Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 25-30mg/kg IV 2 minutes 30-40 minutes

Thiopental 4% 40mg/ml 20mg /kg IV 2 minutes 15 minutes

(Pentothal)
Sheep/Goat Analgesics

Analgesic Brand Name Concentration Dose and Route Frequency

Aspirin Various 325mg/tablet 100mg/kg PO every 12 hrs

Buprenorphine Buprenex 0.3mg/kg 0.005-0.01.5 SC, every 12 hrs

IM

Butorphanol Torbugesic 10mg/ml 0.5mg/kg SC every 4 hrs

Nalbuphine Nubain 10mg/ml 1mg/kg SC, IM every 8 hrs

Miscellaneous Species

Species Anesthesia Concentration Dose and Onset Duration of Surgical Anesthesia

Route

Gerbil Mouse cocktail K: 30mg/ml 0.3-0.6ml/75g 3-5 minutes 15-30 minutes

70-100g ketamine/xylazine X: 4.0mg/ml IM
BW

Gerbil Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 40-90mg/kg IP 3-5 minutes 30-50 minutes

Hamster Rat cocktail K: 60mg/ml 0.05- 3-5 minutes 15-30 minutes

110-140g ketamine/xylazine X: 8mg/ml 0.1ml/125g IP
BW

Hamster Pentobarbital 65mg/ml 60-90mg/kg IP 3-5 minutes 60-75 minutes

Guinea Rat cocktail K: 60mg/ml 0.2-0.4ml SC, 3-5 minutes 15-30 minutes
Pig ketamine/xylazine X: 8mg/ml IM
500-1000g 500g BW
BW

Guinea Isoflurane 1-4% inhalation 1-2 minutes until disconnected

Pig

Guinea Pentobarbital 65mg /ml 35-45mg/kg IP 3-5 minutes 30-60 minutes

Pig