Assessing the Role of Tourism for Urban Development: In Case of Hossana Town

Wachemo University
College of Business and Economics
Department of Tourism Management

A Senior Essay Submitted to Department of Tourism Management in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirements for Bachelor of Arts (BA) Degree in Tourism
Management

By: Achenafi Asaye

Advisor: Mengist Abera

June, 2019
Hossana, Ethiopia

I
Approval Sheet
This research paper entitled “Assessing the Role of Tourism for Urban Development: In Case

of Hossana Town” prepared and submitted by AchenafiAsaye in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in tourism management has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval of oral examination.

Advisor: MengistAbera ___________ __________

Signature Date

II
Declaration
I would like to declare that the research entitled “Assessing the Role of Tourism for Urban
Development: In Case of Hossana Town”submitted to department of Tourism Management,
College of Business and Economics, Wachemo university in partial fulfillment of requirement
for the degree in Tourism Management (BA) is a record of my original work and that it has not
been formed before on the basis for the award of any degree /diploma/fellowship or any other
similar titles.

___________________________ ___________ __________

Name of Student Signature Date
This senior essay has been submitted for the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of art degree in
tourism management with my approval as university

___________________________ ____________ ___________

___________________________ ____________ ___________

Name of Examiners Signature Date

III
Acknowledgment
First and for most my heartfelt thanks goes on St. Virgin Merry and her son Jesus Christ who
gave me strength, knowledge and good health throughout my studies, next I would like to
express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Mr. MengistAbera for his advice during the
preparation of this research and my friends for giving valuable ideas and materials during the
process of preparing this paper. Finally, I would like to thanks my families for their financial,
material and moral support.

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 Table of Content

Content page
Approval Sheet…………………….…………………………………………………………..…I

Declaration…………………………………………………………………………………........II

Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………………...III

List of Figures………………………………………………………………………….…........VII

List of Table..........................................................................................................................…...VII

List of Acronyms……………………………………………………………………………....VIII

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………......IX

Chapter One………………………………………………………………………………......1

1. Introduction………………………………………………..................................................1
1.1Background of the study……………………………………………………………………...1

1.2 Statement of the problem………………………………………………………………….....3

1.3 Research Question……………………………………………………………………….…..4

1.4 Objective of the study……………………………………………………………………..…4

1.4.1 General Objective………………………………………………………………….…...4

1.4.2 Specific Objective…………………………………………………………………..….4

1.5 Scope of the study………………………………………………………………………..….4

1.6 Significance of the study………………………………………………………………….....4

1.7 Limitation of the study……………………………………………………………………....5

1.8 Organization of the study…………………………………………………………….……...5

Chapter Two………………………………………………………………………………....6

2. Literature Review……………………………………………………………….………6
2.1 Definition of Tourism and Its Concept……………………………………………..…….6

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 2.2 Urban Tourism Development…………………………………………………………...…6

2.3 World Urban Tourism Development…………………………………………………........7

2.4 Africa Urban Tourism Development………………………………………………………8

2.5 Ethiopia Urban Tourism Development………………………………………………........8

2.6 Urban Tourism Development in Hosanna……………………………………………...….9

2.7 The Role of Tourism for Urban Development……………………………….………........9

2.8 Employment Opportunity…………………………………………………………............10

2.9 Tourism for Infrastructure Expansion…………………………………………….. ….….11

2.10 The Benefits of tourism………………………………………………………….. ……..…12

2.10.1 Tourism for local Community…………………………………………………….…...12

2.10.2 Tourism for Economy…………………………………………………………. …..…12

2.10.3 Tourism for Culture…………………………………………………………… …..…13

2.10.4 Tourism for Conservation Environment………………………………………….…..13

2.10.5 Tourism for Government………………………………………………………..........14

2.11 Challenge of Tourism……………………………………………………………..........14

2.11.1 Environmental Challenge…………………………………………………….............14

2.11.2 Economic Challenge…………………………………………………………….....…14

2.11.3 Cultural Challenge…………………………………………………………………....15

2.12 Conceptual frame work of the study…………………………………………….……...16

Chapter Three………………………………………………………………………………17

3. Research Methodology………………………………………………………………....17
3.1. Description of the study area……………………………………………………….............17

3.1.1 Location ……………………………………………………………………………….17

3.1.2 Demography…………………………………………………………………….……..18

3.2 Research Design and Approach………………………………………………………....18

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 3.3 Target Population……………………………………………………….……………....18

3.4 Sample size……………………………………………………………….…………..…19

3.5 Sampling Technique……………………………………………………….…………....19

3.6 Source of data………………………………………………………………….. ..….….19

3.7 Method of Data Collection……………………………………………………….…..…19

3.8 Method of data Analysis and Interpretation…………………….……………….…..….20

Chapter Four………………………………………………………………………………..21

4. Result and Discussion…………………………………………………………………..21

4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents….......................................................….....21

4. 2 Contribution of tourism to Hossana town………………….............................................22

4.3 Tourism Contribution towards job opportunities……………...........................................23

4.4 Contribution of Tourism Development towards the expansion of facility in the town..…25

4.5 Contribution of tourism for infrastructure expansion………………………………….....27

4.6 Challenges of tourism in the Hossana town…………….………………………………...29

Chapter Five…………………………………………………………………………...…......35

5. Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………………………………..35

5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………...35

5.2 Recommendation……………………………………………………………………….....36

Reference………………………………………………………………………………….…..37

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………….……..….39

VII
List of Figure page
Figure 2.1 Conceptual Frame work of the study……………………………………….……......16

Figure 3.1 Map of the study area……………………………………………………………..….17

List of Table
Table 4.1 Demographic Characteristicsof respondents………………………………………...21

Table 4. 2 Questions about Contribution of tourism to hosanna town………………….............22

Table 4.3 Statements about tourism Contribution towards job opportunities……………..........23

Table 4.4 The Contribution of Tourism Development towards the expansion of facility in the
town……………………………………………………………………………………………...25

Table 4.5 Contribution of tourism for infrastructure expansion……………………………...…27

Table 4.6 Questions about the Challenge of tourism in the town…………….…………………29

VIII
List of Acronyms
CSA-Central Statistical Agency

GDP-Gross Domestic Product

GNP-Gross National Product

UNWTO-United Nation World Tourism Organization

WTO-World Tourism Organization

WTTC- World Travel & Tourism Council

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 Abstract
The role of tourism for urban development such as generating revenue, creation of employment
opportunity for local community, improve standard of living and the role of tourism for The
tourism sector is the economic activity of one country. The role of tourism for urban development
is a major them and this research was conducted in Hossana town. The fundamental aim of the
study was to assess the role of tourism for urban development and the challenges related to the
tourism development in Hossana town. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers
used mixed research approach and used none probability sampling technique to select the
sample 30 respondents and used data saturation principle to decide the information’s for
interview .The data was collected by using interview and questionnaire. The data was collected
is analyzed through descriptive statistics such as table and presented in narration. The study
identified government such as gain tax, and increase foreign exchange. The study revealed the
constraints such as poor infrastructure facilities provision, low level of awareness and low level
of unemployment rate and lack of skill men power regarding the role of tourism activities. The
government should have a policy that is based on urban development through tourism and help
to promote employment, should work with other governments as well as local community, and
encourage interaction between private and public sectors. The researcher was to find out the
solution of the problem. This could obviously be led by well prepared a strategic of master
plan. This well enhances and yields both local community and governmental supports and other
concerned bodies for tourism for employment, infrastructure expansion and facilities for urban
development. The communities should also participate in awareness creation of the fundamental
tourism development and its advantage of urban development. They also have to be aware of
tourists need and aspiration of a better hospitality in order to raise the tourist flow in other hand
raise the revenue of the town

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 Chapter One

1. Introduction

1.1. Background of the Study

Tourism is defined as the activity of people travailing to and staying in place outside their usual
environment for no more than one year for leisure, businesses and other purposes not related to
an activity remunerated from the place visited (World Bank, 2009). It is increasingly being
interpreted as but one, highly significant dimension of social mobility (Hall, 2005). According to
Burns, Mason, and Novelli (2015), it is often described as the world‟s biggest industry; this is
simplistic at best and disingenuous at worst. It does not require detailed empirical investigation
to see the ways in which the regional and transnational flows of tourists as well the various
scopes created by its sectors (airline, hotels, business) marking up the tourism industry are
reordering the world (Franklin, 2004).

Urban tourism is becoming one of the fastest growing tourism sectors in the world. Across
western Europe and north America tourism based urban regeneration has emerged as a major
phenomenon over form of tourism in several parts of the world. (Ashworth and page,2011). there
is wide spread recognition among governments and transnational's agencies, such as the united
nation that the world‟s illustrates one of the unusual paradoxes of urban tourism in world cities,
namely that world cities are important hubs to generate tourism but their main economic rational
is not tourism. This is reflected in the way that the world city may relatively disconnected from
its local region, and even its national tourism economy, because of the global nature of the
tourism linkages that exist. This then poses significant challenges in term of using tourism as
vehicle for regional development, which emerges from the spatial distribution or redistribution of
tourists from the world city to other areas of the space economy in more peripheral areas. Tt is
interesting that the recent study Maitland and Newman (2009).

Urban Tourism represents one of the fastest growingeconomic sectors in sub-Saharan Africa
(Messerli, 2011;Twining-Ward, 2009).Although Africa‟s tourism assets are headed by nature
tourism and cultural tourism products, much of which are situated in rural areas, it must be
appreciated a largesegment of the continent‟s tourism economy is urban based and that urban
tourism represent a significant constituent of the rising tourism industry (Rogerson andVisser,

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2005, 2007, 2011a. Between 1990 and 2010 international urban tourism arrivals in South Africa
expanded eightfold. It must be appreciated, however, that two sub-groups must be distinguished
within the international tourism economy of South Africa (Rogerson and Visser, 2006). On the
one hand there is the long-haul market of mainly leisure tourists from Western Europe and North
America; onthe other, the regional market of mostly business or shopping tourists from sub-
Saharan Africa. The largest share of South Africa‟s international touristsare regional visitors
drawn from other countries in sub-Saharan Africa; by 2010 regional African visitors represented
78% of the cohort of international travelers to South Africa. In particular, over the past five years
the significance of African arrivals for South African tourism has strengthened both in absolute
numbers and relative terms. Nevertheless, for driving tourism product development, including in
cities, the most valuable element of international urban tourism to South Africa is the „long haul
market‟ (Rogerson and Kotze, 2011).

Ethiopian ,Tourist destinations include Ethiopia's collection of national parks (including Semen
Mountains National Park), and historic sites, such as the cities of Axum, Lalibela, Gondar,
Negash Mosque,Sof Umer cave and HararJugol.Developed in the 1960s, tourism declined
greatly during the later 1970s and the 1980s under the Derg. Recovery began in the 1990s, but
growth has been constrained by the lack of suitable hotels and other infrastructure, despite a
boom in construction of small and medium-sized hotels and restaurants, and by the effects of
drought and political instability (Library of CongressFederal Research Division,April 2005).

One encouraging aspect is the growing popularity of ecotourism, with significant potential for
growth in Ethiopia. Travel retail sales are expected to continue to grow, posting an increase of
7% in 2006 and with a forecast 5% increase in 2007. Sales are driven primarily by expanding
interest in ecotourism packages, including adventure travel, trekking and walking safaris that are
making up much of the tour operators' revenue (Travel and tourism in Ethiopia).

Ethiopia was named the World's Best Tourism Destination for 2015 by the European Council on
Tourism and Trade, citing Ethiopia's outstanding natural beauty, dramatic landscapes and ancient
culture.

Hossana town has potential to develop sustainable tourism. The hotels, stakeholders may have
major benefits from tourism throughinvolving in different service provisions activities to fulfill

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the need of the visitors (Nurhssen, 2016). Tourism can also contribute inimage building, peace
and security for a particular country, in the form of payment from heritage entrance fees to
contribute the country GNP, GDP. Moreover, government collect money from hotel in the form
of tax, equity resource distribution both society and government. The number of tourist is
increasing trend time to time. When people travel to different country the amount of money they
spent in that country is contribute to the growth of the national GDP (Dwyer, Forsyth and Spurr,
2008).

Tourism contribute to GDP the primary concern of tourism in destination areas is its ability to
have strong development with the domestic economy, particularly agriculture, manufacturing,
construction, wholesale and retail trade, hotel and restaurants, transport, banking and insurance
services, water, electricity and social and personal services(Mbaiwa,2005)
1.2. Statement of the Problem
The tourism resource in Hossana town has ample resources for both domestic and foreign
tourists to visit.The resources/attractions include cultural, historical, natural and manmade
resource. Moreover, the intangible heritage such as the ceremony of Yahoda Meskela and
Meharo are contributing their share for tourism development in the town. In addition to those
tourism resources listed in the above, the weather condition and location of town very suitable
and comfortable for leisure, entertainment and recreation about for tourist and local community
(Zerihun, 2017).
It is believed that local communities Hossana is benefiting from sustainable tourism development
through revenue generation from entrance fee, job creation, economic development, and
infrastructure development. Increase in tourism revenue to an area acts as a driver for the
development of increased infrastructure. As tourist demands increase in a destination, a more
infrastructure in needed to support the need of both the tourism industry and the local community
(Murphy, 2013).
Even though, tourism has all these positive sides for the urban development of Hossana town, the
merits of the industry have been limited due to the poor coordination among the industry
operators in creating access for job for skilled labor. Many researcher have been conducted
research to evaluate the potential tourism resources, and positive contribution related to tourism
arrivals of the town, while Assessing the role of tourism in the town development is not well

3
studied.Hence, this study was designed to assess the role of tourism for urban dvelopment in
case of Hossana town.
1.3. Research Questions
In order to deal with the problem, this study answered the following basic research questions:
1) What are employment opportunity exist in tourism?
2) At what level are infrastructure expansions due to tourism development in the town?
3) what Does facility expanded due to tourism development in the Hossana town?
4) What are the major challenges of tourism contribution for urban development?
1.4. Objectives of the Study
1.4.1. General Objective
The general objective of the study was to assess the role of tourism for urban development in
case of Hossana town.
1.4.2.Specific Objective
The specific objective of the study were:

1) To examine the employment opportunity of tourism.

2) To analyze the infrastructure expansion due to tourism development in the town.
3) To analyze the facility expansion due to tourism development in the town.
4) To identify challenges on the contribution of tourism for urban development.
1.5. Scope of the Study
This study has been delimited on assessment of the role of tourism for urban development in
case of Hossana town. The researcher was selected of Hossana town as study area because it is
tourist destination that consist different attraction places, the researcher interest to conduct
research on hossana and to access the area easily.
1.6.Significance of the Study
The main importance of the study was to assess and look for the greatest contribution of the
tourism in the development of urban area (special for Hossana town). Some of the benefits of the
research includes: creating awareness the local community, to involve the local community clear
the role of tourism for urban development, to identify the problem of tourism in town,
advertising the area for the society and the whole Ethiopian country about the tourism area of
Hossana town. In addition to it may serve as a reference material for future studies in the field.

4
And recommend important points based on its finding regarding to the role of tourism
development for Ethiopia as whole and ,it also helps the researcher in partial fulfillment of the
requirement of bachelor arts (BA) degree in tourism management.

1.7. Limitation of the Study

In the process of designing this research, the major limitations were the difficulty to find
reference materials, due to using purposive research methods limits the number of respondents
for gathering broad information about the problem, the respondent lack of interest accept and
give the information
1.8. Organization of the Paper
The study organized in to five chapters.Accordingly,chapter one presents introduction part, it
covers background of the study, statement of the problem, research question ,general and specific
objectives,significance of the study, scope of the study , limitation of the study and organization
of the paper. Review of related literature presents in chapter two.Chapter three presents research
methodology part which includes the description of the study area, research design, target
population, sample size, sampling technique, source of data, method of data collection,method of
data analysis. The fourth chapter present resultes and discussion. The final chapter which is
chapter five presents conclusion and recommendation.

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 Chapter Two
2. Literature Review
2.1. Definition of Tourism and Its Concept
Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience,
including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops,
entertainment businesses, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided for
individuals or groups traveling away from home” (Northern Arizona University Parks, and
Recreation management, 2012).

Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not
related to the exercise of activity remunerated from within the place visited” (WTO, 2012)
Tourism is widely perceived as an economic development tool for the local community,
providing factors that may improve quality of life such as employment and investments
opportunities, tax revenues, accommodation services, natural and cultural attractions, festivals,
and outdoor recreation opportunities (Brida, Disegna &Osti, 2014). Thus, the participation and
support of local residents is imperative for the sustainability of the tourism industry at any
destination (Gursoy, Chi & Dyer, 2010). However, although the increase of tourism offers many
positives, it can also be the cause of a lot of problems in the local societies. It has been accused
for negative environmental impacts, for increase of land‟s value, for being a threat of alteration
of the local traditional culture, for undesirable changes in the family values, for the increase of
criminality, pollution and traffic congestion and for uncontrolled building (Dimitriadis,
Papadopoulos & Kaltsidou, 2013).
2.2 . Urban Tourism Development
The development of urban tourism has increased since the late 1970s. In the early 1980s, the
research on urban tourism started to gain attention. According to Ismail & Baum (2006), “There
are five major factors that characterize cities as tourism destinations: (1) Major travel nodes that
serve as gateways or transfer points to other destinations; (2) High populations which attract
large numbers of tourists who are visiting friends and relatives; (3) Focal points for commerce,
industry and finance; (4) Concentrations of services such as education, health and government
administration center; and (5) Places that offer a wide variety of cultural, artistic and recreational

6
experiences. “Taking into consideration the above remarks, this study seeks it examines the
perceptions of residents of Hossana town, where urban tourism is exercised and considered as a
good gate way for tourists as it contributes town development.
Today tourism consumes substantial amounts of space within urban destinations; tourist-historic
urban cores, especially museums of many kinds, urban waterfronts, theme parks and specialized
precincts all contribute to this consumption. Major urban areas perform important functions
within the workings of the overall tourism system: for example, they are key “gateways” for both
international and domestic tourists. Nowadays in many countries permanent tourism especially
urban tourism is considered as a symbol of cultural, natural and human identity and also as one
of the main economical sections. Thus permanency in tourism would demand systematic
attention to technical, cultural, political, economic, historical and ecological dimensions in
moving toward using from tourism attractions adjusting to today‟s needs and keeping and
surviving these resources for future. Tourism takes form on the basis of tourist attraction
existence and nowadays one of the most attractive places is city. On the other hand, by reason of
having good facilities and services, cities are the first destination of many tourists (Estelaji,
Sadeghian & Beyhaghi, 2012).
2.3 .World Urban Tourism Development
WTO (2006) stated that urban tourism has internationally been recognized since 1950. Youell
(1998) cited in Gebru, 2011, revealed that the ancient Greeks and Romans were the first people
to understand the benefits of leisure and travel. At around 776 BC the Greeks had hosted
international visitors during the first Olympic Games. Now days tourism is the largest and fastest
growing business creating new jobs both in urban and rural areas (Richards & Hall, 2000).
Timotity (2002) affirmed that because of the increasing and fast growing of tourism, currently,
there are more than 650 million international tourism arrivals in the world which will be more
than 1.6 billion by the year 2020. Likewise, the United Nations World Tourism Organization
(2008) forecasts that international travel will double by 2020 and it is changing rapidly when
nature, heritage, and recreational destinations become more important and as conventional
tourism is forced to meet tougher environmental requirements. The world tourist arrivals forecast
increases from 1995-2020 in Europe, East Asia, Middle East and South Asia may be due to the
positive perception of residents and the increment of tourist destination areas. However, in
America the number of tourist arrivals somewhat decreased in 2000 and significantly increases

7
from 2010-2020. In addition, in Africa the number of tourist arrival is grown from 1995-2000
and decreased in 2010. This may occur due to the political instabilities. Generally, for over half
century, tourism has been constantly expanding at a slower pace. Today this trend appears to be
irreversible. According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) forecasts, there will be
over 1.6 billion international urban tourist arrivals worldwide in 2020.
2.4 .Africa Urban Tourism Development
A research for relevant scholarship on African urban tourism was undertaken for the period
2004–2014 using the contents of leading serials of tourism and hospitality research as well as
other significant outlets for African tourism research. The move beyond the mainstream of
tourism and hospitality journals was driven by observations that much tourism research about
Africa appears outside internationally ranked tourism serials and instead is showcased in journals
of urban studies, human geography, development studies and African studies. The role of urban
tourism in economic restructuring has been a core focus in the last decade of urban tourism
scholarship in Africa. This particular thread of scholarly research mirrors the global North where
tourism “has become an essential tool for economic regeneration and employment creation, for
place promotion, for re-imaging cities and helping to create identity in the new global system”
(Williams 2009). Given it is critical importance for tourism development in Africa as a whole
and for urban tourism in particular, the phenomenon of business tourism remains a major
investigatory gap with in contemporary African urban tourism scholarship, Crush and chikanda
(2014).
2.5. Ethiopia Urban Tourism Development
the concept of urban tourism is new and hasn‟t yet got attention of researcher, there have been
tourism activities in major cities of Ethiopia. The public sectors were involved in urban tourism
development in managing private stakeholders, developing policies and plan, recording tourists
to visit Ethiopia and in promoting the city as urban tourism destinations. Private sectors on the
other hand were involved in providing services such as guiding and interpretations, hospitality
services, transport service and tour operation and car rental services. Tourists‟ perception and
satisfaction level to the above services provided by private sector suggest that there is a need to
improve quality and quantity of services. This implies that in order to have well developed
sustainable urban tourism development in Ethiopia improving performances in certain areas.
Ermias KD (2016).

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2.6. Urban Tourism Development in Hossana
The urban tourism in Hossana town is underdeveloped component of tourism. It is a broad
concept including all kinds of recreational activity that take place in cities the improvement of
urban environment and the perfection of all kinds of service facilities are all great attraction to
tourists which includes convenient transportation, flourishing economy, superior business and
shopping environment, developed technology, advance service and entertainment and others are
the cities becoming the combination of the destination and origin.
2.7. The Role of Tourismfor Urban Development
Tourism has involved one of the world‟s most power full for urban development, yet
controversial, socio economic force, as ever greater number of people have achieved the ability,
means and freedom to travel in the city, not only has tourism become increasingly democratized
(Urry & Larsen, 2012), but also boththe scale and scope of tourism have grown remarkable.
Many urbans have become increasingly dependent up on tourism as an economic sector, which
by and large remains dominated by wealthier, industrialized (Reid,2003). More ever, the
political, economic, and social structure with in developing countries frequently restrict to which
benefit of tourism development are realized (Telfer & Sharpley, 2016).
Tourism plays very important role in the political, economic, cultural, and environmental
development of countries. Its role as a foreign exchange earner; employment generator,
developer of infrastructure, promoter of industries, businesses, tax revenues and re distributer of
domestic wealth can be cited. At the local helps to diversify the local economy and reduce
dependence on trade and extractive activities. It also has multiplier effect on all local businesses
and attracts new money from both local and external sources. It enhances community aesthetics
(Tadesse, 2015).Tourists use almost all urban facilities and services to some extent, some
intensively others more rarely, but almost none of these have been created or are managed
specifically or exclusively for tourists. There are not two cities, that of the tourist and that of the
resident, in any sense useful to the management of either user group(Hallyar B, Griffin T,
Edwards D,2008).

As Edwards et al (2008) state, tourism is „one among many social and economic forces in the
urban environment. Even so, whilst tourism occurs in cities, as in other environments, this in
itself does little to elucidate the possible relationships and interactions between tourism and that

9
multifaceted entity, the city, trying to link changes in tourism activity with changes in the city
raise the fundamental issue. As discussed by Wall and Mathieson (2006) of how muchurban
change can be attributed specifically to tourism rather than non-tourism activity Cities are in
constant change, with or without changes in their tourism. Thus studies of the impacts of tourism
on the city do not help to focus the discussion on the urban nature of urban tourism and how it is
inherently different from other geographically demarcated tourisms.Understanding what is
happening to urban tourism depends upon a prior understanding of what is happening to cities.
The emergence of the phenomenon, „world city the re-globalization of urban networks and
resulting complex interaction between the local and the global the rise of the city as center of
cultural production and consumption, the co-modification of cities as competitive marketable
brands and many more identifiable trends, are the basis of the explanation of the current state of
urban tourism and determinant of the trajectories along which it will develop (Ashworth G, Page
SJ, 2011).

2.8. Employment Opportunity

In 2013 travel and tourism total contribution to the global economy rose to 9.5% of global GDP,
in total, nearly 266million jobs (8.9% of total employment) were supported by travel and tourism
in 2013 (1in 11 of all jobs in the world (WTTC,2014).

Tourism is extremely labor intensive and a significant sources of employment .it is among the
world‟s top creator of jobs requiring varying degree of skill and allow for quick entry it to the
work force for youth women and migrant workers (International labor organization, 2010).

In Ethiopia, the total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP was ETB 91,898.4 million (9.3%
of GDP) and there were 2,291,500 jobs in 2014 (8.5 % of total employment) (WTTC, 2015)

Tourism and hospitality industries create many employment opportunities in different area like
accommodation, transportation, attraction sites based on the involvement or contribution tourism
supply side, employment opportunity in tourism and hospitality sectors can be created either
directly or indirectly (Dayananda k, 2014). Direct employment opportunities are the total number
of job opportunity supported by direct in travel and tourism. such as hotels, restaurants, travel
agencies, tourism information offices ,museum ,protected areas, religious sites ,cruise line
,souvenir tourism also support indirect employee in activity like transportation, infrastructure

10
accounting agencies, marketing agencies ,which are less dependent on the companies providing
direct employment for their revenues (UNWTO,2011).In labor intensive industry such as tourism
and hospitality the greater proportion of income is likely to be derived from wedge and salaries
paid to those working in job either directly or indirectly (WTTC, 2014).

Tourism is an ever expanding service industry with latent vast growth potential and has,
therefore, become one of the largest and dynamically sectors of nations, its capacity to generate
employment both directly and indirectly, its potential to earn foreign currency for the host
community,infrastructure development, introduction of new management and educational
experience, have made this industry greatly desirable for all (Nurhssen,2016).
2.9 .Tourism for Infrastructure Expansion
In relation to travel and tourism, infrastructure involves fixed passenger transportation
investment; destination serves such as power, water, sewerages, cleaning and health, fixed
communications investment and so on. Very little infrastructure is solely for tourism use unless it
is part of slow development. Roads, air ports, and terminals are likely to have multiple users in
most places, and services generally supply residents as well as visitors. However, it may be
possible to identify tourism as a major call on, say, infrastructure investment, and as marginal
causes of increased maintenance costs. If tourism is sufficiently identifiable and separable as an
infrastructure user, international organizations have for many years been major suppliers of
capital for tourism infrastructure development (Adrian, 1995). Tourism infrastructure is a
component of regional touristic product. Infrastructure is comprised of basic devices, building
and service institute whose existence is crucial to the property operating of economy and society.
Infrastructure is dividedinto:
 Technically, including basic devices used in transport, communication, gas, heat, power
and road industry.
 Social, include device and institution connect with education, culture, science, health,
physical culture, tourist (Gaworecki, 2003).
The rapid growth in international tourism, combined with a rapid expansion of numbers of
domestic tourist in most countries, places pressures up on natural environment and resource,
including land, water, and bio diversity. When sufficient infrastructure and facility is not
available to handle the present need of a community, tourism may be the economic agent
responsible for developing one credits the impressive performance of the tourism sector for
11
considerable infrastructure improvements and It is not possible to facilitate the visitation
thousands of people of destinations without the development of infrastructure of their needs
(Holden, 2016).
2.10.The Benefits of Tourism
2.10.1.Tourism for Local Community
Tourism is an ever expanding service industry with latent vast growth potential and has,
therefore, become one of the largest and dynamically sectors of nations, its capacity to generate
employment both directly and indirectly, its potential to earn foreign currency for the host
community, its highly growth and development rates, infrastructure development, introduction of
new management and educational experience, have made this industry greatly desirable for all
(Nurhssen, 2016). As a significant form of human activity, can have major impacts, the impacts
are very visible in the destination region, where tourists interact with the local environment,
economy, culture, and society. Hence, it is conventional to consider tourism under the heading of
socio-cultural, economic and environmental impacts (Mason, 2016).
2.10.2.Tourism for Economy
Tourism in developing countries are some means of solving their economic problems and
improving live standard of people and create job opportunity for the host people in getting
additional income and improve the development of the country (Mengesha, 2017). According to
David and Edgell (2016), even though tourism rapidly grows for many years, it was relatively
neglected as an important international economic policy issue. International organization will
play a crucial role in providing the plans and polices needed for the tourism industry quality
growth in the future.
The development of tourism is frequently based on existing natural or manmade attraction, such
as beaches, wilderness area or heritage sites, may be considered to have‟ low start -up‟ costs
when compared with other industry (Mihalic,2015).As for policy implications, if there is clear-
cut unidirectional causality from tourism development to economic development, then making
strides in tourism growth (tourism-led economic growth) is the most practical approach. Vice
versa if unidirectional causality runs from economic development to tourism development, then
every effort should be made for overall economic growth as this. In turn, it will result in the
expansion of the tourism industry.

12
If there is no causal relationship between tourism growth and economic development, then there
is no feedback effect between each other. Finally, if the relationship is bidirectional, and tourism
and economic growth have a reciprocal causal relationship, then a push in both areas would
benefit both (Zortuk, 2009).
2.10.3. Tourism for Culture
One of the most positive effects of tourism is cross cultural awareness the slow understanding
between people of different nation and culture. The opportunity to exchange knowledge, ideas,
and traditions is more available today than at any previous time in history a said from merely
satisfying curiosity, tourism promotes international good and the exchange of cultural values .
The main important of tourism for culture in Hossana town, increased awareness of life style,
adopt positive aspect of tourist values and behavior, development of new market for traditional
crafts and art forms, in migration of dynamic people to live or work in the community and reduce
depopulation (Feseha, 2007).
2.10.4.Tourism for Conservation Environment
According Simpson (2008), environmental effect of tourism includes provision of essential
infrastructure, land use planning and land management and environment regulation. The
provision of essential infrastructure and social and environmental service including health,
safety, waste disposal, and energy supply and water provision are all vital components in
determining the benefits of tourism (UNWTO, 2005). A central base in the development tourism
in regions is that it should support conservation of the environment in those areas. This can be
achieved either directly though the involvement of visitors in environmental protection and
enhancement activities or indirectly though the generation of fees to fund local conservation
activities (Holden, 2000).
2.10.5. Tourism for Government
Taxes paid by tourists help local government fund education, health care, and other services.
money spent by a traveler at a hotel or restaurants help to pay employee wages and support other
business. Eventually the same money is used to buy food, clothing, and other products and
service, further benefiting the economy (Foster, 2004).
Many governments to use tourism as a source of taxes revenue, sometimes to fund expenditure
with the sector and sometimes to include in general revenue as travel and tourism is still regarded
by most policy markets as a none essential activity, any indirect taxation on tourism is likely to

13
be progressive with respect to consumer incomes like other indirect taxes, those on tourism
products may be (a percentage of price), or specific (set of amounts). According to Adrian
(1995) they can be divided in to two types;
I. taxes on commercial tourism products
II. Taxes imposed on consumers in the act of being tourists and user pays charges.
However, tourism can be also generating various problems, loss of potential economic benefits
and local economic distortion, environmental degradation, the loss of cultural identity and
integrity, and cross cultural misunderstanding.
2.11. Challenge of Tourism
2.11.1. Environmental Challenge
The environment is made up of both natural and human features. Human settlements set within
the countryside may contain a large number of attractions for tourists. Often the natural
environment is referred to as the physical environment. The natural or physical environment
includes the landscape, particular features such as rivers, rocky outcrops, beaches and also plants
and animals (flora and fauna) (Mason, 2008).
According to Mason (2008) the positive impacts of tourism include inspiration of measures to
protect the environment and/or landscape, wildlife; promoting the establishment of national
parks and/or wildlife reserves; promoting the preservation of buildings/monuments; tourism may
provide the money via entrance charges to maintain historic buildings, heritage sites and wildlife
habitats. the negative environmental impacts of tourism are, dropping debris or litter; tourism can
contribute to congestion in terms of overcrowding of people as well as traffic congestion; it can
contribute to the pollution of water course and beaches; it may result footpath erosion and
tourism may lead to damage and/or disturbance to wildlife habitats.
2.11.2 .Economic Challenge
The economics of tourism have been shown to push out local tourism business owners in favor
of stranger to the region (Mason, 2015). Tourism can raise property prices near the tourism area,
due to that the expensive standard of living in local community, the migration of communities
from one place to other. More difficult to use transportation, facility and purchase something
from shopping. There is overcrowding of amenity features, shopping, and community facilities
and congestion of transportation system by tourist and residents, and take advantage of more
tourists spending; the foreign companies are also known to hire non-resident seasonal workers

14
because they can pay those individuals lower wage, which further contributes to economic
leakage (Rollins, Deardenand Fennell, 2016).Relying on their consequences, impacts of tourism
can be divided into two broad divisions: positive and negative impacts. Urban tourism has
economic impacts. According to Ashworth and Page (2011) “economic impacts of tourism upon
the city, whether positive or negative, still dominate other more recently considered, social,
political or environmental impacts”. Tourism can serve as a root for development in that tourism
brings consumers to the product and unlike any other export, can add value directly to the local
people by allowing them to participate in providing goods and services to tourists and tourism
businesses.
2.11.3. Cultural Challenge
According to Mason (2015), the impacts of tourism in culturally, locals can suffer increased
stresses trying to do exist with tourist, the number of tourists can over whelm the host
community, challenging their ability to preserve their life style and demonstration effect occurs
when there is a high degree of different between the hostand the tourist, as is common when
tourists visit developing communities. Tourism is not as pronounced as acculturation which
occurs when the culture is subsumed with in a dominate culture, as in migration. Here it is more
a case of the developed world out competing the culture of the developing world, this creates
detachment for the existing culture, potentially it can also affect the visitors experience and
affect the authenticity of the cultural experience (Mason,2002).
The tourist demonstration always of life that seems desirable and this is copied to varying extent.
It is mainly most of tourist consumption patterns, but can also include behaviors, attitudes, and
even certain ways of thinking (Marivel and Mendoza, 2014).

15
2.12 Conceptual Framework of The Study

TOURISM
DEVLOPMENT

ECONOMIC FACILITY AND INFRASTRACTURAL

DEVLOPMENT SERVICE EXPANSION CULTURAL EXPANSION
DEVLOPMENT

URBANDEVELO
PMENT

Source(Own Compilation, 2019)

Figure 2.1. Conceptual Frame work of the Study

16
 Chapter Three
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Description of the Study Area

3.1.1. Location
Hossana town is located in the south east part of Ethiopia in south nation nationalities and people
region. Which found at the distance of 232 km2 far the capital city of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa)
and also it is 168km2 far from the region capital city of Hawassa.Hossana is the administrative
center of the Hadiya zone. It has a latitude and longitude of 7°33'N 37°51E/7.550°N 37.850°E
with an elevation of 2177meters above sea level. It was part of Lemo woreda and is surrounded
by it. in the city center.CSA, (2015)

Hossan

Source(www.com.google)
Figure 3.1. Map of the Study Area

17
3.1.2. Demography
Based on the 2007 census conducted by the CSA,this woreda has a total population of 69,995, of
whom 35,523 are men and 34,472 women. The majority of the inhabitants were protestants, with
65.74% of the population reporting that belief,24.6% practiced Ethiopian orthodox
christianity,6.57% were Muslim, and 1.99% were catholic.The 1994 national census reported this
town had a total population of 31,701 of whom 15,593 were men and 16,108 were women.
3.2. Research Design and Approach
The main goal of this study was to assess the role of tourism for urbanization by using
descriptive methods and it is appropriate method to gather and collect the reliable information
about the study. Hence ,the design is characterized by prior formulation of specific research
question. The research were characterized by to descriptive research design for the study of the
location of the town, includes survey and fact finding inquiries of different kinds. Purpose of
descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present (Kothari, 2004).
The researcher used both quantitative and qualitative approach. Qualitative approach is using
collect the data by interview and allows investigators to develop a deeper understanding of a
topic than can be obtained through quantitative approach. Quantitative method collects numerical
data has been informed by a philosophical realism about the thing we study, a realistic approach
of qualitative research (Maxwell, 2011) arguing that the critical realistic position. Quantitative
research approaches to studies were the use of instrument such as survey and to collect data, and
test statically hypothesis that correspond to research questions of interest (Lincon and Guba,
1985).
3.3. Target Population
The subject of this study has beenselected from different organization, including culture, tourism
office employees and sport department , municipality experts, and standerd hotels. Because the
reason for the researcher has selected the tourism sector, gain benefit from tourism and involves
in the activities. Target population and participant of solution for the question in using the
appropriate data collection. All were the best for supporting in the researcher project to find out
the problem.

18
3.4. Sample Size
The researcher has determined sample size to make the data collection clear and easy. As a
result, the researcher used three international hotels (Shamballala international hotel, Lemma
international hotel, Bereket international hotel) one informant from culture and tourism office
employees and sport department of the town, and municipality experts. The researcher useda
total of 30 respondentas a sample size from hotel, culture tourism office employees and sport
department, and municipality experts and the researcher used the total target population found in
the town respondent.
3.5. SamplingTechnique
The researcher used a non-probability sampling techniques mainly judgmental sampling,
commonly known as purposive sampling or subjective sampling that was selected based on
characteristics of a population and the objective of study. This type of sampling can be very
useful in situation when you need to reach a targeted sample quickly and, with judgmental
sampling,the researcher believes that some samples are fit for the research compared to other
individuals. This is the reason why they were purposively chosen as the study population.
3.6. Sources of Data
The researcher used different data source in order to gather all relevant information. The
researcher used both primary and secondary source of data to assess the existing situation in the
role of tourism and the possible mechanisms to alleviate the challenges of the tourism sector.
3.7. Method of Data Collection
Primary Data; beside the other means to collect all the relevant information towards the study,
the researcher was collected the primary data from different direct source both interview and
questionnaires in order to catch the necessary information for the accomplishment of the study.
Interviews ;The researcher used source of data collection method such as, interview in different
place door to door interview because the researcher wanted to meet directly with the informants.
The researcher conducted the interview for all the targeted population (for both standard hotels,
culture, tourism and sport department of the town,and municipality experts in order to enforce
the data gathering from the questionnaire The interview can pursue in depth information around
the topic.

19
Questionnaire; For data the relevant primary data collection, the researcher used questionnaires
selected in order to save the respondent „s time and to make respondents free in giving their idea
and suggestions. The researcher used questionnaire in order to collect the relevant information on
regarding their attitude towards the community.
Secondary Data; has been be gathered from related written book materials, previous research
papers and studies which are essential to the research. Such as collect from different secondary
source like different research paper, and on line books. This data collection instrument helped the
researcher to get concrete and valuable data from the researcher subjected that identified in the
researcher.
3.8. Method of Data Analysis Interpretation
The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative statistics. Description of the collected data
presented by tables and mathematical and explanation used percentage, frequency mean, median
and mode has been used based on data analysis more understanding the research. Moreover, the
data was collected through interview and questionnaires is analyzed.

20
 Chapter Four

4. Result and Discussion

In this part of the paper data was collected through questionnaire and interview were analyzed
and the findings of the research were presented. For the purpose of this study a total of 30
questionnaires were distributed.
4.1Demographic Charachterstics of respondents
Table 4.1Demographic Charachterstics respondents

NO. Description
1. Gender Number of respondent Percentage
Male 19 63%
Female 11 37%
Total 30 100%
2. Age
18-25 14 47%
26-35 14 47%
36-45 2 6%
>45 0 0%
Total 30 100%
3. Educational level
Certificate 4 13%
Diploma 11 37%
Degree 12 40%
Above 3 10%
Total 30 100%
4. Marital status
Married 16 53%
Unmarried 12 40%
Divorce 2 7%
Widowed 0 0%
Total 30 100%

Source: Own Survey, 2019

As show above in table 4.1, among 30 total respondents, 19 (63%) of the respondents were males
and 11 (37%) of the respondents were females. Generally from the total respondent males are
higher than females in number, by community view mostly female lack of confidence and weak

21
job performance.In the same table displays that 14 (47%) are in age range within 18-25, 14
(47%) in age range within of 26-35, 2 (6%) of the respondents were age in the range of 36-45,
and there is no respondent whose age is greater than 45. The researcher concluded that the
respondent whose age range 18-25 and 26-35 are more in numbers which is 14 and14
respectively between this age the person fast and power full to job performance.
As shows 4(13%) of the respondents were in the certificate, 11 (37%) of the respondents were
diploma holders, 12(40%) of the respondents were degree holders, and 3(10%) of the remaining
above degree. This implies that degree holders are more in numbers from the total
respondents,because today tourism management is give as degree program in most university so
the job is done by degree graduate people.In the same table representes that 16(53%) of the
respondentes are married,12(40%) are unmarried and 2(7%) of them are divorced.The result
indicates that more than half of the respondents are married and lead their own live.the rest are
unmarried which indicates almost half of them are single.
Table 4.1 Questions about contribution of tourism to hosanna town

NO. Questions Number of Percentage

respondent
1. Does tourism have a significant contribution to the town?
Yes 29 97%
No 1 3%
Total 30 100%

Source: Own Survey, 2019

As shown in the table regarding the contribution of tourism from the total respondents 30, 29
(97%) of the respondent said that tourism have a significant contribution to the town, and 1 (3%)
of the respondent said that tourism haven‟t a significant contribution to the town. The researcher
concluded that tourism have a significant contribution to the town by considering 29 (97%) of
respondents response,understand to this tourism industry have a significant contribution to the
town mostly in terms of economic benefits;create new job,and income generate.

22
Table 4.3 Statements about tourism contribution towards job opportunity
Strongly disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A), & strongly agree (SA)
Variable SD D N A SA Total
No % No. % No % No. % N % No. %
. . o.
Tourism contribute strong 2 7 5 17 1 3 14 46 8 27 30 100

role for the society towards

participating in art and
music
Tourism contributions for 1 3 2 7 1 3 20 67 6 20 30 100

selling gift things for

society

Expansion gambling game 1 3 4 13 0 0 21 70 4 13 30 100

Towards employment of 2 7 2 7 4 13 19 63 3 10 30 100

guards/securities

To develop hotels and 2 7 1 3 0 0 11 37 16 53 30 100

others
Society for production of 2 7 1 3 3 10 18 60 6 20 30 100
different tourism products
Source: researcher survey, 2019
As shown in the table Regarding to tourism contribute strong role for the society towards
participating in art and music were, 2 (7%) of the respondents responded strongly disagree, 5
(17%) of the respondents disagree, 1 (3%) of the respondentsneutral, 14 (46%) of the agree, and
8(26.67%) of the respondents responded strongly agree. This implies that tourism have strong
contribution by participating the society in art and music by supporting 14 (47%) respondents
were agree,tourists for recreation and entertainment they need to music and art,1(3.3%) were no
idea about this statement.
Tourism contribution over selling of different gift things tourism helps the society towards
selling were; 1 (3%) of the respondents strongly disagree, 2 (7%) the respondents agree, 1 (3%)
neutral, 20 (67%) agree, 6 (20%) strongly agree. This implies that tourism helps the Society

23
selling of different gift things by understanding the majority 20 (67%) of respondents of the
responded agree,the society create job in terms of selling gift things, the lowest 1(3%)
respondents there is no idea.
Regarding to tourism is expansion of gambling game the respondents responded were, 1 (3.33%)
strongly disagree, 4 (13%) disagree, 0 (0%) neutral 0, 21 (70 %) agree, 4 (13%) the respondents
werestrongly agree.By supporting 21(70%) researchers conclude that tourism activity more
expansion of gambling as an entertainment,and relax for tourists, 0(0%)were neutral or the
respondents no idea.
Tourism creates employment opportunity for the society by employing guards/securities were, 2
(7%) strongly disagree, 2 (7%) disagree, 4 (13%) neutral, 19 (63%) agree, 3(10%) of the
respondents werestrongly agree. Generally, tourism creates employment opportunity for the
society by employing guards by understanding the majority of 19 (63%) of the respondents
responded ,the heritage site control in any challenges from theft and others they need to guard
person. From the lowest 2 (7%) respondents strongly disagree, the industry not new create job
towards guard/security the society no involves in.
There is the development of hotel and other tourist service due to the existence of tourism the
respondents responded were: 2 (7%) strongly disagree, 1 (3%)disagree, 0 (0%) the respondents
respondedneutral, 11 (37%) agree, 16 (53%) strongly agree. This implies that there is the
development of hotel and other service due to the existence of tourism by the majority of 16
(53%) of the respondents responded, hotel and other facilities establish due to the existences of
tourism,tourists firstly rest in hotel,mostly standerd hotel income generate from tourists,but not
from local community because the price levels high,the lowest 0(0%)the respondents were
neutral,there is no idea about this.
Tourism, it helps to the society for production of tourism products were, 2 (7%) of the
respondents responded strongly disagree, 1 (3%) of the respondents responded disagree, 3 (10%)
neutral, 18 (60%) of the agree, 6 (20%) strongly agree.By the majority of respondents responded
18 (60%) tourism helps the society for production of tourism products,the local community the
supplier of tourism products to maximize profits and full fill the need of tourists increase staying
time in the destination.
The lowest 1 (3%)disagree not support tourism important for society towards produce tourism
products there is no need of tourism products for tourist and others.

24
Table 4.4 the contribution of tourism development towards the expansion of facility in the town.
Strongly disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A), & strongly agree (SA)
Variable SD D N A SA Total
No % No. % No % N % N % No. %
. . o. o.
Develop different tourist 1 3 2 7 2 7 14 47 11 37 30 100

attraction heritage site

Sustainable tourism activity 2 7 5 17 6 20 11 37 6 20 30 100

Increase the length of 2 7 3 10 1 3 18 60 6 20 30 100

staying times of the guests
Increase the investments of 1 3 1 3 2 7 15 50 11 37 30 100
the country
Giving sufficient service to 1 3 5 17 2 7 18 60 4 13 30 100
the guest
Having quality of service 4 13 6 20 5 17 11 37 4 13 30 100
Having fair payment 1 3 9 30 7 23 9 30 4 13 30 100
Good satisfaction by 3 10 4 13 7 23 12 40 4 13 30 100
tourism service
Source: Own Survey, 2019
The respondents point of view about the statement i.e. tourism develops different tourist
attraction heritages were 1 (3%) strongly disagree, 2 (7%) disagree, 2(7%) neutral, 14 (47%)
agree, and the remaining respondents 11 (37%) strongly agree. The researcher implies that
tourism helps in development of different tourist attraction heritages, which is supported by 14
(47%) of the respondents idea tourism industry expand and promote cultural and historical
heritage site for sustainable tourism activity.On the other hand the lowest 1 (3%)the respondents
responded were stronglydisagree tourism is available or not develops the attraction heritage
sites.The respondents point of view towards the statement which says there is sustainable tourism
activity in the town were 2 (7%) of the respondents responded strongly disagree, 5 (17%) agree,
6 (20%) of the respondents responded neutral (no idea), 11 (37% of the respondents responded
agreed, and the remains 6 (20%) strongly agreed. Generally, this implies that the respondents

25
which, 11 (37%) are agree by the statement says there is a sustainable tourism activity in the
town, because the existence of tourism the facility expands, by those together the development of
sustainable tourism in the town. On the opposite side 2 (7%) strongly disagree,the expansion of
tourism for facility not backbone of the sustainable tourism activity.
The respondent responded toward the statement says increase the staying time of the guest were;
2 (7%) of the respondents strongly disagree, 3 (10%) the respondents responded disagree, 1 (3%)
neutral, 18 (60%) agree, 6 (20%) strongly agree, generally by supporting of the majority 18
(60%) increase the staying of the guest in the destinations,when the town is to full fill the needs
and wants of tourist in any time then,increase the stay of the tourists in the destination. On the
other 1 (3%) the response were neutral there is no any idea.
Regarding to tourism increase the investment of the county the respondents responded were; 1
(3%) strongly disagree, 1 (3%) disagree, 2 (6%) neutral, 15 (50%) agree, 11 (37%) strongly
agree. The researcher concluded that 15(50%) agree,from this answer increase the investments
of the country due to tourism development in town,sustainable tourism earn foreign
exchange,income, increase investments and decrease unemployment of country. On other hand 1
(3%) were strongly disagree and disagree,the industry is seasonal due to that limit the income
and not increase the investments of the country.
Regardingto giving sufficient service to the guest the respondent respondedwere; 1 (3.3%)
strongly disagree, 5 (17%) disagree, 2 (7%) neutral, 18 (60%) agree, 4 (13%) strongly agree.
Supporting by majority of respondents of 18(60%) tourism industries more facility expands than
other sectors. Those facility important for hotels,accommodation and lodging for giving
sufficient service to the guest , by this information giving sufficient service to the guest.1 (3%)
the respondents response were strongly disagree,tourism facility mostly not suitable and lack of
awareness of community about hospitalityOn the statement having quality of service the
respondents responded were; 4 (13%) strongly disagree, 6(20%) disagree, 5 (17%) neutral,
11(36.6%) agree, 4 (13%) strongly agree. Generally, by understanding the majority 11(37%) of
respondents response having quality of service, for attract the tourists the owner of service
supply quality service in daily,then due to existence tourism having quality of service.The lowest
percentage 4(13%) of the respondents response were strongly disagree,the community
carelessness about quality of service and lack of knowledge understand the expectation of guests.

26
Answers of the respondents on the statements having fair payment were; 4 (13%) strongly
disagree, 6(20%) disagree, 5 (17%) neutral, 11(37%) agree, 4 (13%) strongly agree. Supporting
by the majority 11(37%) of respondents response,in the contribution of tourism equal payment
for each employee for sustainable tourism activity.The lowest 4(13%) response were strongly
disagree,there is no fair payment about employee,more employees hiring in low salaries,only
support males than females enter in to high level or as a manager.
The respondents responded on the statement of good satisfaction by tourism service,3 (10% )
respondents responded were strongly disagree,4 (13%) disagree,7 (23%) the respondents neutral
responded,12 (40%) agree response and,4 (13%) also strongly agree. The researcher concluded
that the majority 12(40%) of respondents responded good satisfaction by tourism service; supply
comfortable, standardize, attractive service and over expected by tourist in hotel and other
accommodation services.
Table 4,5Contribution of tourism for infrastructure expansion
Strongly disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A), & strongly agree (SA)
SD D N A SA Total
Variable No % No. % N % No. % N % No. %
. o. o.
Having sufficient 1 3 11 37 3 10 13 43 2 7 30 100

transportation service

Build the hotel, lodge & 0 0 2 7 1 3 23 77 4 13 30 100

other accommodation
Having sufficient water 6 20 4 13 9 30 8 27 3 10 30 100
supply
Availability of electricity and 4 13 2 7 4 13 17 57 3 10 30 100
telecommunication
Receiving high quality of 2 7 4 13 3 10 18 60 3 10 30 100
road service
Clean environment 3 10 3 10 2 7 16 53 6 20 30 100

Source: Own Survey, 2019

In the table about contribution of tourism for the expansion of infrastructure on the statement of
having sufficient transportation service respondents responded were;1 (3%) strongly disagree,
11 (37%) disagree,3 (10%) neutral,13 (43%)agree,2 (7%) strongly agree.Summarize by majority

27
13(43%)of respon33, increase tourism expansion when the expansion infrastructure increase.The
lowest 1(3%) strongly disagree,it is not important for expansion of infrastructure service.
On the statement building hotel,lodging and other the respondents of responded 0 (0%) strongly
disagree no idea about this, 2 (7%) disagree, 1 (3%) neutral, 23 (77%)agree, 4 (13%) strongly
agree.Based on 23 (77%) were agree, infrastructure facility build mostly around in hotel, lodging
and other accommodations,those facility expand for guests in terms of generate income.in 0(0%)
no idea about the statements.
Regarding to having sufficient water supply the respondents have responded were, 6 (20%)
strongly disagree, 4 (13%)disagree, 9(30%) response neutral, 8 (27%) agree,3 (10%) strongly
agree.Understandings of 9(30%) neutral or no idea about statements and 3 (10%) strongly
agree,for sustainable tourism they need to sufficient water supply so,the government build water
supply in the location.
On the statement availability of electricity and telecommunication the respondents have
responded were, 4 (13%) strongly disagree 2 (7%) disagree,2 (7%) neutral , 17 (56.6%) agree,3
(10%) strongly agree. By the majority of respondents were 17 (57%) agree, understanding to this
without electricity and telecommunication tourism activity is not sustainable and communicates
so, the main basic need of the industry.
Regarding the statement of receiving high quality of road service the respondents have
responded were, 2 (7%) strongly disagree,4 (13%) disagree,3(10%)of respondents response
neutral,18(60%)respondents response agree,3 (10%) strongly agree.This implies that
understanding the majority 18 (60%) agree,so the availability of tourism activity important for
facility expansion due to this reason have quality road service to satisfy need and wants of the
tourist for relax and move in any time 2 (7%) strongly disagree,the opposite of agree by tourism
industry there is no supporting high quality of road service.
About having clean environment in the town the respondents response were 3 (10%) strongly
disagree, 3(10%) disagree, 2 (7%) neutral, 16 (53%)agree, and 6 (20%) strongly disagree.This
implies that by supporting of 16 (53%) because of the existence of tourism in the town have
clean environment for attractive,increase the number of tourists,positive image by tourist,this
industry to built stable and attractive environments. On the other hand 2 (7%) neutral (no
idea)from this statement.

28
 Table 4.6 Question aboutthe challenge of tourism in the town.
Strongly disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A), & strongly agree (SA)
Variable SD D N A SA Total

No % No % No % No % No %
Overcrowded of service 4 13 12 40 5 17 8 27 1 3 30 100
Unwise use of the resource 3 10 9 30 5 17 10 33 3 10 30 100
Evacuate local community 7 23 13 43 7 23 3 10 0 0 30 100
Environmental pollution 7 23 10 33 4 13 8 27 1 3 30 100
Deteriorated of heritage site 8 27 9 30 3 10 8 27 2 7 30 100
Affect the governmental 9 30 6 20 9 30 4 13 2 7 30 100
policy
Expensive life to local 8 27 8 27 5 17 8 27 1 3 30 100
community
Lack of qualified human 5 17 9 30 6 20 8 27 2 7 30 100
resources/professional in
the sector
The problem of Security 8 27 12 40 5 17 5 17 0 0 30 100
both tourists and
communities
Tourist harassment 5 17 7 23 7 23 9 30 2 7 30 100
Begging in the street 7 23 6 20 5 17 11 37 4 13 30 100
Impact of local life style 3 10 6 20 2 7 15 50 4 13 30 100
Lack of stakeholder 4 13 8 27 5 17 10 33 3 10 30 100
coordination

Source: Own Survey, 2019

Strongly disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A), & strongly agree (SA).
As shown in the table the challenge of tourism in the town,on the statement Overcrowded of
service the respondents responded were, 4 (13%) strongly disagree,12(40%) disagree,5 (17)
neutral,8 (27%) agree,1 (3 %) strongly agree.This conclude that 12(40%)the majority of the
respondents strongly disagree on the statement of overcrowded of service,the important of
tourism more than that of the challenges and it is the most economic base of the town. The

29
lowest percentage of the respondents response on overcrowded of service 1 (3%) were strongly
agree the tourists coming in the peak season high number then it creates the overcrowded of the
service for the tourist and local communities.
On the statement of unwise use of resource the respondents of responded; 3 (10%) the
respondents responded were strongly disagree, 9(30%)disagree, 5(16.6%) neutral,10 (33%) the
respondents responded agree,3(10%) strongly agree. concluded that 10 (33%) are the majority
of strongly agree on the statement of unwise use of resource,the availability of tourism in the
town it creates the challenge of unwise use of resource and limited man made& natural resources
in the town.
The respondents responded were 3(10%) the lowest percentage on strongly disagree, it is not the
challenge of tourism and this industry only have important but not the problems.
Regarding to evacuate local community due to tourism investment the respondents responded
were, 7 (23%) strongly disagree, 13 (43%) disagree, 7 (23%)were neutral, 3(10%)agree0(0%)are
not idea.Generally,this implies that supporting the majority of respondents 13 (43%) disagree
that of on the statement of evacuate the local community not by the development of tourism,the
community more migrate urban to rural by other problems like political instability,conflicting
each other and unemployment,but tourism is suitable industry for the society it creates
employment for the local community because of this tourism is not the main reasons of the local
community evacuate.from the answer of the respondents0(0%)are there is no idea about the
statements of evacuate the local community by tourism industry.
The respondents responded on environmental pollution7 (23%)the respondents responded were
strongly disagree, 10 (33%) disagree, 4 (13%) neutral, 8 (27%)the respondents responded agree,
1 (3%) are strongly agree. This summarized that 10 (33%) are disagree about the environmental
pollution by tourism industry, environmental pollution are not the result of tourism activity,it
must be by carelessness of the local community about the security of environment. The
respondents responded were 1 (3%) strongly agree about the environmental pollution, the
development of tourism in the town it must be the problems of environmental pollution,air
pollution,noise pollution etc.At the time of flow high number of tourist in the destination difficult
for manage.
The respondents responded on deteriorated heritage site were 8 (27%) the respondents strongly
disagree,9(30%) the respondents responded disagree,3(10%) neutral,8(27%) the respondents

30
were agree,2 (7%) the respondents responded strongly agree. Based on supporting of the
majority9(30%) of the respondents responded were disagree on the statement of deteriorated
heritage site because, by using zoning mechanism and limited the number of tourists to prevent
the deteriorated heritage sites.The lowest percentage 2 (7%) strongly agree,it affect the heritages
by lack of awareness local community and tourist,unknown the importance of heritages. The
respondents responded on affect the governmental policy by the tourism sector, 9 (30%) were
strongly disagree, 6(20%) disagree, 9(30%)were Neutral,4(13%) the respondent responded
agree,2 (7%) are strongly agree. By supporting 9 (30%) are strongly disagree,tourism is not
affect the governmental policy,it is their own rule and regulation.2 (7%) strongly agree on the
statement of tourism affect the governmental policy in case of with conflict between the
community and tourists.
Onthe statement expensive life to local community in coming of tourist in the destination the
respondents responded were 8 (27%) strongly disagree, 8 (27%)the respondent responded
Disagree, 5 (17%) neutral, 8 (27%) respondents agree, 1 (3%) the respondents respondedwere
strongly agree.This implies that 1 (3%) the respondents responded strongly agree,the tourists
coming in peak season, consume much service,with huge amount of money.
The respondents responded on lack of qualified human resource 5 (17%) were strongly
disagree,9(30%) disagree,6(20%) neutral,8 (27%) agree,2 (7%) strongly agree.Depend on the
respondents information 9(30%) were disagree,due to the available of tourism increase
professionalism of human power. And the other stronglyagree 2 (7%)the best problems are
misplacement of employees,shortage of knowledge.
In the statement of the problem of security in local community and tourist the respondents
responded were, 8 (27%) strongly disagree, 12 (40%) disagree, 5 (17%) neutral, 5 (17%)were
agree and 0 %were not idea.Due to understanding12(40%) the responded is disagree, there is no
any problem by the existence tourism activity in the town in terms of security both tourists and
community.
Regarding to tourist harassment by local community the respondents responded were;5 (17%)
strongly disagree,7 (23%) disagree, 7 (23%) neutral,9 (30%) agree,2 (7%) strongly agree.
Based on the responded 2 (7%)and 9(30%) were the lowest and the highest also agree because
some persons disturb the foreign tourist and new person for communities.

31
The statements of begging in the street the respondents responded were ,7 (23%) strongly
disagree,6(20%) disagree,5 (17%) neutral ,11 (37%) agree and 4 (13%) strongly agree
.Generally,this implies that the highest 11 (37%) and 4 (13%)respondents responded agree on
this statements, it was find something and this habits decrease accessibility of tourism .
The respondents on impacts local culture and life style”the respondents responded were 3
(10%) strongly disagree, 6(20%)respondents responded disagree, 2 (7%)neutral, 15 (50%) agree,
4 (13%) strongly agree.Based on supporting of 15(50%)agree,because of demonstration effect
and copy the life style of the tourist,2 (7%) neutral (no idea) about this.
Tourism sector affects stock holder coordination the respondent responded were, 4 (13%)
strongly disagree, 8 (27) disagree, 5 (17%) neutral, 10 (33%)agree, 3 (10%) strongly agree,
understanding to 10 (13), the overcrowded of town by tourists the main reason for lack of stock
holder coordination to each other, especially in peak season the number of tourist more than local
community.
Analysis of the Interview Question
Interview for Hotel manager
1.Are you satisfied with the infrastructural improvement done by the government?
As managers of the hotel states that No, because government is not invest for tourism
development. Government is invest for other infrastructure it is not invest for tourism. Most of the
time tourism stake holders is used infastracture which is invest for other industry. Due to this
tourism development is low.
2.What are the roles of tourism development for hotel /restaurant in Hossana?
According to hotel manager interview service provider conclude the role of tourism for
hotel/restaurant create employment opportunities in staff,gain income from tourist consumption
and increase the level of skill for hotel/restaurant employees to get experience from international
tourists.
3. Do you have adequate knowledge about tourism? What they like and dislike?
As managers states that Yes. Managers states that I have like and dislike in tourism. Things which
is I like in tourism is, it prominent the cultures of one society, it generates income of from foreign
tourist, it conserves the resource of locals and it developes the tourism of locals. In addition to
this the managers states dislike things in tourism like imitation of cultures, leakeges of income
and import of product from foreigneir.

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4. Is it possible to get 24 hours’ room service, laundry dry cleaning facilities around the
area?
According to hotel manager interview from service provider for this question the majority
respondents are recommended most of international standardize hotel giving 24 hours room
services include ancillary services.
Interview for Hossana Culture, tourism and sport Departement
1.How did you evaluate the town as a tourist attraction?
According to culture, tourism and sport department hossana town the popular tourist destination
and to have tangible and intangible attraction such as from tangible heritage batana cave, st
merry church and etc. from intangible attraction yahoda Meskela and meharo the most famous
in Hossana town.
2.Are there any problem/barriers around the site, if there, what are those?
As culture, tourism and sport department remanded the respondents were conclude the problem
around the site the deterioration of heritages because of by large number of tourist visit in the
same time and lack of knowledgeable tourist another problem to use car parking around the site
and polluted by different litter.
3.Have you provided adequate information about Hossana for the tourists?
As information provided by managers that Yes. I provided information about Hossana by giving
information about attraction which is found in Hosanna, about tourism development of the town
and about peace and security of the town.
4 Do you think the local community plays a significant role in the development of tourism?
As managers states that, local community play important role in the development of tourism to
participate different activities. Those activities demonstrate of our local culture, life style, to
provide traditional hand crafts and clean environment.
5.What is your office’s primary objective in tourism development?

As Hossana culture and tourism office Manager mentioned the main objective of the
organization is to give sustainable tourism in the town, promote the town culture and tourism,
making culture and tourism more sustainable, giving training for local tourism professionals to
give appropriate service for tourists, following infrastructural development with collaborating
with the town municipal, conserving culture and tourism of the town, providing business for the
local people, promote culture and tourism, as an information center for tourism sector also

33
drafting rule and regulation for stakeholders to be guided by it.The problems that hinders to
achieve the objectives of culture and tourism bureau are that the office is not given attention by
the government also work with other sectors together as one such as (sport, youth), lack of
trained man power, unsuitable office area and small payment for the workers in the sector and so
it is not suitable to work in this situation Hossana town societies have unique dressing, dining,
singing and dancing styles. As a result people may come to the town to see the culture of
Hossana town beside natural attraction many tourists come to visit culture of society; their way
of life and cultural activity (language, cruising, religion hand crafts dancing and music etc.) so
due to this culture can contribute for the development of tourism and at the same time tourism
development leads to urban development.

Interview for Municipality experts

1.What are the main roles of your organization for tourism development?
As municipality expert Manager states the main role of tourism development related work help
to expansion of infrastructure and facilities, giving license the construction of hotel, restaurant,
and shop develop the master plan of the town. Do you to expansion of infrastructure and
facilities tourism in rapidly develop because to fulfill facilities and service of tourist to stay long
period of time in the town..
2. Is there any significance of tourism development for the expansion of infrastructure?
As managers saied that Yes, because income which is collected from tourism development
through tax is used for expansion infrastructure. But payment which is collected from tourism
development is not used for infrastructure to develope the tourism development.
3.What do you think, are tourism have challenges for local community?
As supported by interview municipality expert recommended tourism have negative factors
affecting all local community because of large number of tourist flow the town in peak season
overcrowded of transportation and expensive standard of living for local community specially
international tourist influence on local culture, value and life style
4. Do you think unable expansion of facility affects the tourism activity?
Supported by interview according to municipality assumption un able expansion of facility, for
tourism development is obstacle the construction there is no regular buffer zone, for example
when the building of hotel over buffer zone it have side effects on tourism development, because
it covers cultural heritages so they must have far from the heritage.

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 Chapter Five

5. Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1. Conclusion
Tourism sector in Hossana town contribute for urban development, more especially the sector
benefits the town creation of employment opportunity and income generation activity for local
community. Tourism Impact on economic, cultural, social and environment. Considering
economic impact generating foreign exchange, raise growth domestic product, expansion of
infrastructure and facility to local community and tourists. Socio-cultural considering tourism
one ofcross cultural. Awareness the slowly understanding between peoples of different nation
and culture. The opportunity to exchange knowledge, ideas and tradition is more available today
than any previous time. Tourism environmental impact includes provision of infrastructure, land
use planning, and land management and environmental regulation. Tourism activity in the town
more contribution for the hotels, restaurantes. However, by this sector to became related
challenges such as: economical, socio cultural, environmental and so on. For economical, by
high spending tourist affect living standards of local community and inflation. Socio cultural
such as, demonstration effect or change of life style. Regarding to environmental challenge,
noise, visual, air, water, litter pollution, land degradation and heritage deterioration.
The study results clearly showed that, the role of tourism is the key and essential part for
urban development. In case of Hossana, tourism is the back bone of urban development.
However, facing several challenges in this activity. Most of the challenges are resulted not
always tourism industry. Even due to the challenges responsible all community working together
the sector applied varies mechanism to solve the challenge insure effective and sustainable
tourism for urban development in this town of Hossana.

35
5.2. Recommendation
The researcher has recommended the following points based on the research findings. This
recommendation can be helpful by providing some suggestions on issues that need improvement
in the role of tourism for urban development in Hossana town .The following things need
improvement and they are expected to be addressed.
 The government should have a policy that is based on urban development through
Tourism and help to promote employment, should work with other governments as well
as local community, and encourage interaction between local community and the sector.

 The communities should also participate in awareness creation of the fundamental

tourism development and its advantage of urban development. The local community
understanding to the whole contribution of the sector involvement in different activities
and produce tourism products such as hand crafts, art, music and etc.

 To develop the most suitable infrastructure and facilities provide for tourist. To ensure
increase the length of stay in long period of time. To expand standardize hotel resort and
restaurants and giving high quality of services. Availability of electricity, water supply
telecommunication and safe transportation service of everywhere. Most of time hotel
service provider should be try to improve ancillary services like Wi-Fi service,
recreational facilities, and computer access and so on.
 Training for host community and related sectors should be give about the hygiene the
town and surrounding environment continuously. The government should influence the
activity of hotels and restaurant by setting rule and regulation and fine they if the
establishment does not full filled waste disposal requirements.
It is clear that there is no wide parking area for tourist car, so the department of culture and
tourism should construct wide parking area beside other infrastructure development outside of
the compound. Well developed and comprehensive plan should be existed because the heritage
sites are vulnerable and the plan should include heritage management techniques and for its
sustainability

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36
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Appendix

1
 Wachemo University
Collage of Business and Economics
Department of Tourism Management
Dear Respondents
This questionnaire is designed to gather data for the study “Assessing the role of tourism for
urban development in case of Hossana town„‟. It is a research as partial fulfillment for the
Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in tourism management at Wachemo University, department of tourism
management. Hence the answer that you give us for each question is essential to the success of the study.
Therefore, your sincerely cooperation is kindly requested for the accomplishment of the research through
exact and honest response. The information that you provide us will be kept strictly confidential, your
participation in this survey is entirely voluntary. If you have any questions or comments regarding this
survey, don‟t hesitate to communicate us via this telephone number.
+251930746402
Thank you very much for your cooperation!!!
General Instruction
 No need to write your name and address.
 Please put thick () for your answers.
 You are kindly requested to respond to each question by reading attentively.
Research Questionnaires for Hotel Employees, Municipality, culture and tourism office
Employees
Part I: Personal Information of Respondent

1. Sex: A. Male B. Female

2. Age: A. 18-25 B. 26-35 C. 36-45 D. >45
3. Educational level
A. Certificate B. Diploma C. Bachelor Degree D. Above

1
4. Marital Status
A. Married B. Unmarried C. Divorced D.Widowed

Part II: Please fills or tick (P) mark the following liker scale /tables based on the information
given here.
SD = strongly disagree (1), D= disagree (2), NAND = neither agree nor disagree (3),
A= agree (4), SA= strongly agree (5)
1. Does tourism contribute to the development of the town?
Yes No
NB: based on the level of your agreement or disagreement, please tick (√) mark the box in front
of each destination competitiveness factors listed below.

No SD D NAND A SA
A. What examine employment
opportunity exist from tourism?
1. Tourism contribute strong role for the
society towards participating in art and
music
2. Tourism contributions for selling gift
things for society

3. Expansion gambling game

4. Towards employment of
guards/securities

5. To develop hotels and others

6. Society for production of different
tourism products
B. What analyze the facility expansion
due to tourism development in the
town?
1. Develop different tourist attraction
heritage site
2. Having sustainable tourism activity
3. Increase the length of staying times of

1
 the guests
4. Increase the investment of the country
5. Giving sufficient service to the guest
6. Having quality of service
7. Having fair payment
8. Having good satisfaction from tourism
service
C. What analyze the infrastructure
expansion due to tourism development
in the town?
1. Having sufficient transportation
service
2. To build the hotel, lodge & other
accommodation
3. Having sufficient water supply
4. Availability of electricity and
telecommunication
5. Receiving high quality of road service
6. Clean environment
D. What are the challenges lead to the
contribution of tourism for Hosanna
town.
1. Overcrowded of the service
2. Unwise use of the resource
3. Evacuate local community due to
tourism investment
4. Environmental pollution
5. Deteriorated of heritage site
6. Affect the governmental policy
7. Expensive life to local community
8. Lack of qualified human
resources/professionals in the sector
9. The problem of Security both tourists
and communities
10. Tourist harassment
11. Begging in the street
12. Impact of local life style
13. Lack of stakeholder coordination

2
Wachemo University
Collage of Business and Economics
Department of Tourism Management
Interview Prepared for the Hotel Managers
1. Are you satisfied with the infrastructural improvement done by the government?
2. What are the roles of tourism development for hotel /restaurant in Hossana?
3. Do you have adequate knowledge about tourism? What they like and dislike?
4. Is it possible to get 24 hours‟ room service, laundry dry cleaning facilities around the area?
Interview Prepared for the Municipality Expert Managers
1. What are the main roles of your organization for tourism development?
2. Is there any significance of tourism development for the expansion of infrastructure?
3 What do you think, are tourism have challenges for local community?
4. Do you think unable expansion of facility affects the tourism activity?
Interview prepared for the culture, tourism and sport department of Hossana
town Office Managers
1. How did you evaluate the town as a tourist attraction?
2. Are there any problem/barriers around the site, if there, what are those?
3. Have you provided adequate information about Hossana for the tourists?
4. Do you think the local community plays a significant role in the development of tourism?
5. What is your office‟s primary objective in tourism development?

1
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