MIZAN-TEPIUNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

THE EFFECT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(IN THE

CASE OF MIZAN AMAN TOWN)

A SENIOR RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTEDTO THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS IN

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE BACHLOR OF ARTS DEGREE IN
ECONOMICS

BY: TEMESGEN BEZULA

ADVISOR:MENGESHA M(M.SC)

June:2018
Mizan Aman:Ethiopia

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Acknowledgement
First and for most we would like to thank the God for endowing with the staying power and courage of going
through all up and down to reach the stage where we are now. Next to that I can highly appreciate my advisor,
Mengesha Molla for his strive going through each point by wasting his precious time in reading the paper as
well as for his supportive criticism.
As final point I want to appreciate my family specially my father and my brother seifu, you are the case for to
be happen you are my side in financial assistance and advisor.

Table of Contents

Content Page
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................................................... I

Abstract....................................................................................................................................................................................... IV

Acronym....................................................................................................................................................................................... V
List of Tables................................................................................................................................................................................ VI

List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................................................. VII

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1Background of the study..................................................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Statement of Problem..................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Objective of the study.....................................................................................................................................................................2

1.4 Significance of the study................................................................................................................................................................ 3

1.5 Scope and limitation of the study...................................................................................................................................................3

1. 6 Organization of the Paper.............................................................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Theoretical literature review........................................................................................................................................................4

2.1.1 Population Growth and Socio-economic Development..........................................................................................................4
2.1.2 Determinant of population change.......................................................................................................................................5
2.1.3 Impact of rapid population growth.......................................................................................................................................7
2.1.4 Population size and Trends...................................................................................................................................................11

2.1.5 Impact of population growth on Woliso town socio-economic development........................................................................11

2.2 Empirical Literature.................................................................................................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER THREE. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................................... 13

3.1 Description of the Study Area................................................................................................................................................... 13

3.2 Types and Source of Data........................................................................................................................................................13

3.3 Method of data collection and sampling techniques..................................................................................................................13

3.4 Methods of data analysis...........................................................................................................................................................14

CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................................................................................ 15

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION........................................................................................................................................ 15

4.1 Primary data analysis..................................................................................................................................................................15

4.1.1 Background of respondent....................................................................................................................................................15
4.1.2 Population growth and socio- economic development of the town.......................................................................................16

4.2, Secondary data analysis..............................................................................................................................................................21

4.2.1 Consequences of rapid population growth on the town Socio-economic development.........................................................21
4.2.2 The response of socio- economic development due to shocks of population growth of the town.........................................25

4.3 Population growth and socio-economic development in the town................................................................................................28

CHAPTER FIVE.............................................................................................................................................................................. 29

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION..................................................................................................................................... 29

5.1. Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................................................. 29

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 5.2. Recommendation.........................................................................................................................................................................30

REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................................................................. 31

Abstract
This study focused on the effects of rapid population growth on socio- economic development in case of Mizan
aman twon.The number of population are increasing from time to time which is shown by high fertilities and
migration and this has a greater impacts on increasing number of unemployed peoples, lack of job opportunity,
decrease in land share and infrastructure which directly affects the quality life of the society. The General
objective of this study is to assess the effect of rapid population growth on socio-economic development of
Mizan aman town
own of South bench maji zone NNPS regional state. Moreover, the specific objective is to analyze the
relationship and consequence of rapid population growth on socio-economic development.
To get data from target population in the town questionnaires, interviews and secondary data from different
office of the town have been used. To analyze data obtained by questionnaire and interviews the researchers
used descriptive analysis, which includes tabulation, percentages, averages, and graphical. Sampling is also
used to get representative sample from household of population of the Town.
For the greatest causes of rapid population growth on socio-economic development, different policy
applications are needed. These policies are different measures to be taken by the government to avoid the effect
of rapid population growth on socio-economic development.

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Acronym
CSA-Central Statistical Agency
DC-Developed Country
EC - Ethiopian Calendar
EEA-Ethiopian Economic Association
FDRE-Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GDP-Growth Domestic Production
ILO-International Labor Organization
LDC- Less Developed County
MOFED - Minister of Finance and Economic Development
NGO-Non-governmental Organization
NPPE-National Population Policy of Ethiopia
UN–United Nation

List of Tables
Table 4.1 Age distribution of the respondents………………………………………………………………15
Table 4.2 Sex distribution of the respondents…………………………………………………………........16
Table 4.3 Family size distribution of the respondents …………..…………………………………………..16
Table 4.4 Education level of the respondents……………….………………………………………………17
Table 4.5 Work condition, kinds of work and monthly income…………………………………………….18
Table 4.6 Income analysis…………………………………………………………………………………...19
Table 4.7 House Condition……………………………………………………………………………….....20
Table 4.8 Migrant, dweller and for work identification of the respondents…………………………………20
Table 4.9 Teji town population by Kebeles…………………………………………………………….....22
Table 4.10 Economically active population of the town…..…………………………………..……………23
Table 4.11Unemployment of the town………………….…………………………………………………...24
Table 4.12 Total numbers of school, students, teachers and quality measures of the town in 2007EC…..…26
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 Table 4.13 Total numbers of health center, its ratio and human power in the town in 2007EC…………..27

List of Figures
Fig 4.1 Family size and economy of the town ………………………………………………17
Fig 4.2 Land share of Teji town………………………………………………………......18
Fig 4.3 Population of Teji town by Kebeles…………………………………………….....22
Fig 4.4 Unemployment of Teji town by Kebeles from 2001-2007EC………………….....24

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VIII
CHAPTER ONE

1.Introduction

1.1Background of the study

According to Martin (2009),high population growth is a growing concern throughout the world and a challenge
to countries’ economies.The world’s population was about a billion in 1800 and rose to 2.5 billion in 1950. In
the year 2010 the world’s population was 6.7 billion and is projected to rise to 9.2 billion by 2050 with almost
all population growth projected to occur in what are now considered less developed regions. Between 1950 and
2000, when the world’s population increased from 2.5 billion to 6.1 billion, the major shifts in population
weights by continent were the result of changes in fertility and mortality rather than large-scale migration.
Ethiopia is one of the less developing countries (LDCs) and characterized by rapid population growth which is
not balanced with economic development of the country. In 1998, Ethiopia ranked 20 th with 60 million
populations. The projected population of 169 million in 2050 were ranked country 9 th most populated in the
world and 2nd in Africa following Nigeria. The Ethiopia annual growth rate was 2.4% with the doubling time of
population is about 24 years. Such rapid growth population change in fact strains socio-economic development
of our country seriously. In Ethiopia rapid population growth brought a reduction in per capital income, social
service provision, unemployment, dependency ratio, natural resource and environment degradation, job
opportunity, basic need self-sufficient provision of good and service and size of land available for farming and
housing (EEA,2008).

South nation nationalities people regional state is one of the largest regions in the Federal Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia (FDRE) that share boarder with other regions and highly populated with different unique features.
The region is rich in natural resource and have very good environment for investment and agricultural
production. The region is characterized by rapid population growth especially around urban areas.SNNP is
ranked second in terms of population size with a population density 140 people per square kilometer. The
regional population growth is not balanced with the economic development and this brought various impacts
(Population Annual Report of SNNP, 2007).
Mizan-aman twon is one of the twons found in south nation nationalities people regional state of Etiopia in
bench maji zone.In majority of economic activity of mizan-aman twon under take into informal sector and the
rest of population engaged on formal economic activities .

1.2 Statement of Problem

It is undeniable that Ethiopia population is growing in alarming rate. At the begining 20 Centuries.
Ethiopian population was estimated 11.75 million with 0.2% annual growth rate and its doubling time
was expected to be in 346 years .But then population grew very fast and took only 60years to
double . Thus between 1960 and 1990,population onice agin doubel (EEA,1999)According to three
population census report,which have been carried out in(CSA 1984,199
4 and 2007).Ethiopia population was registered at 42.04,53
,48 and 73.3 million respectively .

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 In Ethiopia, population growth is a real problem of economic development because unrestricted population
increase is seen as the major crisis causing low level of living, malnutrition, ill
health,environmentaldegradation and other social problem. Mizan-aman town is also one of the areas in
Ethiopia, which faces many problems from population growth; this problems are on distribution of land,
social service, job opportunity food security and etc. Moreover, rapidly growing population exposes the town
to serious problems like unemployment and environmental ecological imbalance, this and other problems
are put the town in vicious circle of poverty. Consequently, the town has less accessibility of education and
health sector facilities, to fill the need and demand of the whole society and country: This problem came
from population growth. (Todaro, 2008).
Many research scholars showed that the rapid population growth has its own consequences on socio-economic
development in urban areas. These unsolved and non-conclusive problems include decrease in land holding,
high rate of unemployment, shortage of social service and housing issues and etc. Thus, by taking the above
noted problems into account this research paper assesses the effect of population growth on socio-economic
development of Mizan-aman town. In line with this the following research questions are raised:
 What is the causal relationship between population growth and socio- economic development of the town?
 How do socio-economic developments respond due to dynamics in Population growth?
 What should be the plausible policy recommendations ought to be taken into account in order to reduce the
rapid population growth and bring its socio-economic improvement?

1.3 Objective of the study

1.3.1 General objective of the study

The general objective of this study is to assess the effect of rapid population growth on socio-economic
development of Mizan-aman twon of Bench maji zone of the SNNP regional state

1.3.2 Specific objectives of the study

In doing so, the following are the specific objectives of the research:
 Examining relationship between population growth and socio- economic development of the town.

 Assessing the consequence of rapid population growth on socio-economic development.

1.4 Significance of the study

The paper aims to provide recent and comprehensive information on the effect of rapid population growth on
socio-economic development of the town. It also tells us the impact of rapid population in urban areas that
result from population growth through high fertility rate, and high rural-urban migration. The study provides
information’s on current condition of different data profiles and policy recommendations on the effect of rapid
population growth on economic development of Mizan-aman town. It also used for policy makers on social services and
economic development of the town. It further contributes to the existing literature by extending the works of others
and helps in filling the knowledge gap in this area.

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1.5 Scope of the study
The studies limited on the effect of population growth on socio-economic development.The researcher would
focus on the effects of rapid population growth on the town’s socio-economic development. The research cover
2011-2015 year data source of the town population status. The motivation to conduct these analyses is to assess
some consequence of population growth on socio-economic development of Mizan-aman town. The study is
conducted on the kebeles of the town.
1.6 Limitation of the study
The study of this paper analysis are limited by shortage of primary and secondary data source, lack of available
current data profiles, shortage of reference book, internet service, time and budget are some limitation of the
study that reduce expected finding of research paper analysis.

1. 7 Organization of the Paper

The paper organized into five main chapters with the first chapter including background, the statement of problem, research
question, objectives, and the scope of the study, and significance of the study. The second chapter mainly focuses on review of
literatures. The third chapter is the research methodology. Such as types and sources of data. The fourth chapter contains
data analysis and interpretation and the fifth chapter is conclusion and recommendation.

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 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Theoretical literature review

Population is the productive live and health of individual, couples, community and all the people in a country.
Population is a group of people living in a definite geographic area. Population concerned in term of size,
growth rate, structure, demographic and distribution of people in the area human population is the main
productive force and maker of spiritual and material. It includes gender equality and equity, as well as,
participation of community in matter related to their wellbeing.Population dynamics refers to variable that
determine the level of population growth and thus function are fertility, mortality and migration in changing the
size and structure of population of an area. While fertility and mortality are biological factor, migration is
purely non-biological in nature. The stage of social and economic and demographic development determines the
level of each of these factors. Population dynamics is an increase or decrease in population size due to birth
rate, death rate and migration (Encyclopedia of population, 2000).
Economic and social development is a process of improving the quality of all human lives aspects of
development are raising peoples level of living in their income and consumption level, creating condition
conducive to growth of people self-esteem and increasing people freedom enlarging range of their choice.
It is also include change in social service, economic transformation, job opportunity and infrastructure facilities
development in the society (MOFED, 2009).

2.1.1 Population Growth and Socio-economic Development

The world most growth center of population is the LDCs. In the world, LDCs have very high birthrates, while
developed country has birth rate below replacement rate. Population growth rate in LDCs is 2% per annual,
compared to 1.1% in middle income countries and 0.7% per annual in DCs. According to UN of population
report, LDCs are not in position of lowering their population growth rate that hinders their economic progress.
Such large of people living in the world have no sufficient resource to feed such large people living in the
world. Natural resource is naturally limited but being and need and wants are not limited. In LDCs, due to high
birth rate children under age 15 are 32% of total population, while 17% in DCs, this refers dependence burden
on active labor force to support financially more children and older (UN, 2006).
In most developing countries rapid population growth has various consequences on socio-economic
development. According to UN ,in LDCs 80% of population engaged in agriculture production, However, land
holding diminishing that decrease production of agriculture result in short age of food securities. As
population rises the demand for natural resource and social service increase and capital per worker ratio
decrease lowering standard of living. Population have a major barrier to alleviate poverty cycle, inequality and
under development of economic absorbing capacities of economy increases unemployment and migration of
labor force. Population growth dampens economic growth and social transformation through capital shadowing
effect that is reduction in capital per worker ratio, age dependence of young resulting in high consumption of
food production, depleting saving and investment activity in the country (EEA, 2008).
In Ethiopia as EEA states that the relationships between rapid population growth and socio-economic
development have a negative effect due to the imbalance between population growth and economic
development. The strong relationship between population and economic development is the area of food
production and supply, sustainable economic growth, poverty alleviation, PCI, job opportunity distribution of
social service, standard of living and land share that will be mismatch with present Ethiopian population growth
and economic development. The size of population in relation to economic growth and development and
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standard of living is negatively related, this shows under development of economy and rapid population growth.
(EEA, 2010)

2.1.2 Determinant of population change

Determinant of population change are kwon as component or dynamic of population change. It determines the
level of population growth /change/ in size and structure of the population of an area. Determinants population
change brings about difference in size and characteristics of population of a given social environment. The basic
determinants of population change include fertility, mortality and migration. The total population of any are at
the end of a given year equals to the population size at the beginning of the year plus all the births, minus all the
death ,plus all the in migrant /immigrants and minus all the out migrants /emigrants. This refers to the concept
of population growth rate (Girma, 2003).
While Dyson (2010) contends that mortality decline is the chief cause of economic development, McKeon
(1976) argues that the direction of causality should be reversed, i.e., it is the improvement in the standard of
living that results in lower death rates. Easterly (1996) and Schofield and Reher (1991) also show that the dire
living conditions that came with the industrial revolution and modern economic growth in cities of Europe
during the nineteenth century might have raised mortality rates. On the other hand, evidence from contemporary
developing economies tends to show that it is mortality decline that leads to economic growth, as it increases
investment in both physical and human capital via increased savings rates and education ( Bloom and
Canning ,2008).
Furthermore, mortality tends to fall as a result of declines in death rates from infectious diseases. Declines in
these diseases tend to bring about an improvement in the nutritional status of children which in turn leads to a
fitter future labor force. In fact, Strauss and Thomas (1998) show that healthier workers tend to be more
productive. In pre-transitional societies, relatively rapid population growth almost always resulted in a fall in
the standard of living due to the rather severe limits to the technical progress in agriculture or to the fixed
supply of land, as pointed out by Malthus (1798; 1830, 1970]). This prompts Clark (2007) to state that income
levels before the nineteenth century could not escape the Malthusian equilibrium due to the very low rate of
technological advance in all economies. However, according to the ‘neutralist’ or ‘revisionist’ view, high
population growth rates in developing countries since the middle of the twentieth century have had little effect
on per capita GDP growth (Kelley and McGreevy, 1994).
Simon (1981, 1989) would go as far as suggesting that population growth may have had appositive impact on
per capita GDP growth in the long run through improvement of productivity through the contribution of new
ideas and the learning-by-doing resulting from increased production volume. The current consensus is that, as
more data become available, rapid population growth has exerted a significant negative effect on economic
growth in developing countries ( Sachs, (2008), and Headey and Hodge, 2009).
The recent experience of fertility decline in developing countries in Asia and Latin America has reduced a
country’s dependency ratio, which then raised the potential for faster economic growth through higher saving
and investment levels in both physical capital such as roads, production facilities and human capital such as
higher educational attainment and training for each young worker, particularly for an extended period over
which the labor force increases at a faster rate than the pool of dependent people ( Bloom and Canning (2001).
Due to this decline, however, eventually this region will experience an increase in its old-age dependency ratio
as is the case for both Europe and Japan (Bloom et al. 2009).

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Population ageing thus may be exercising a negative impact on economic growth. While many problems such
as congestion, pollution, and slum settlements are caused by urban growth in contemporary developing
countries, cities are often described as ‘engines’ of growth (Beall and Fox, 2009).
Cities also provide large and concentrated markets, allowing for economies of scale in the production of
manufactured goods as well as low transportation costs. It is in urban areas that firms can better match their
labor demands with the supply of skills, while the returns to infrastructure such as roads, port facilities, and
electricity grids are greater due to the concentration of industries and firms. By analyzing international data for
the period since 1975 and find that urban growth has been positively associated with per capita GDP growth.
Hypothesize that per capita GDP growth in a developing country is a function of the following factors: the level
of urbanization, urban growth, population growth, and population growth squared, young and old dependency
ratios, the mortality rate, the total fertility rate (Fox and Dyson, 2008).

2.1.3 Impact of rapid population growth

2.1.3.1 Economic problems

A) Natural resource depletion and environment degradation
Rapid population growth in developing countries especially in Ethiopia in the context of low technological
advancement is exerting heavy pressure on natural resource and environment condition. The rising demand for
food supply result from rapid population growth had lead to the expansion of cultivation in to land, generally,
unsuitable for crop production and animal husbandry.
In Ethiopia, the impacts of rapid population growth on social and economic development have degradation of
natural resource, change in climate, decline in land for housing rise in urban center to constraint / building
home, and soil erosion are the result of population. The traditional means of exploiting natural resource have
to be environmentally harmed full and economically unproductive.
As population rapidly increase in Ethiopia its impact on environment and resource is significant. These
are :deforestation is cut down trees for agriculture land ,wood and construction purpose, erosion and land
degradation by water and wind and land fragmentation that is majority farm house holds ,average land size is
now less than one hector per households. The link between population and natural environment are highly
related. The resource and environment is linked with the survival of the society and inevitably with
development. High population growth can bring environmental changes that have affect on change in social
organization and the change in social organization has consequences on poverty cycle (NPPE, 2006).
B) Agricultural Land share
Ethiopians cultivating system is mostly by traditional which leads to shortening of fallow periods and crop
rotation that helped maintain soil fertility. This traditional means of cultivation have led to increase rate of
erosion, but decrease agricultural production. High demand for new farm lands, for age for livestock and fuel
wood and charcoal for cooking have contributed significantly to the massive reduction and destruction of forest
and woodland resources (Befekadu, 2000).
Population growth is related to agricultural development through a chain of reaction that includes decrease land
share and crop productivity. In the north and central high land of Ethiopia were residential patterns are dense,
natural land scopes are significantly changed in contrast to the south west area were the population density are
relatively low. Thus, means large land mass of Ethiopian high land constituted by Oromia region high land is
severely degraded by human factor. The Ethiopia economy is highly influenced by agricultural production and
land holding, because of according to CSA, 80% of population live in rural areas and economically based on
agriculture. This is why Ethiopian economy is characterized by agrarian economy. Agriculture is supply of food
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grain, cash crop, milk, dairy and meat product are known not satisfies rapid population growth food need
(Samson, 2010).
C) Unemployment and Migration
The measurement of the level national employment or unemployment rate requires clarification of the concept
like; labor force, working age and productive activity .Unemployment are the working age who are available for
work and have actively sought work for employed, but unable to get job at the existing wage. The working age
ranks from 15-59 year (ILO, 2008).
The rapid population growth increase working age group or new labor force to labor market. Young full age
structure in impacts on employment resource as a large number of people enter in to labor force every year. In
our country due to low economic level the economically active labor force absorbed capacity of the economy is
limited .The majority of young people entering the labor force market work in traditional agricultural sector and
this puts a heavy burden on natural resource, environment condition, social security’s and political issues. The
problem of unemployment is high in urban area, which results due to migration of people from rural to urban to
search better job, good living standard and better per capital income.
Migration is the movement of people in space, often involving change in usual place of residence .Specially,
migration have a number of various effect of reliving population resource in crowd area ,spending cultures
from one area to another an bringing group into contact and there by conflict. Similarly, many studies have
proved that rural-urban migration strongly affects the agricultural sector in rural area by removing labor force
from the area to urban (Herbert J. Gans, 2001).
Internal migration has the main effect of redistributing the population size between rural and urban areas, and
between rural areas of low potential to those of higher agricultural potential. Therefore, internal migration is an
important element of population dynamics in agricultural countries like Ethiopia, where internal migration is
insignificant by volume. The overall inter regional flows have been from the northern region to the south west
and south east regions, as well as Finfinne (Addis Ababa) city .This indicates that the migrant have been
moving out of the densely populated eroded northern and central high lands to area with available land of
agriculture and better job opportunity(Girma,2003).
D) Job Opportunity and Investment
In LDCs, like Ethiopia which have rapid population growth, it is difficult to create sustainable job opportunity,
because of a number of economic establishment are too few to absolve the large proportion of the economically
active labor forces. As projection indicates the size of working age (15-64) population is higher than the
investment job opportunity in the country. Several new job have to be created every year to satisfy the growing
working age population, but the job opportunity of socio-economic investment in different sector are failed to
satisfy the rapid growing population. In Ethiopia, with weak economic capacity is un able to create sufficient
new job, it implies low job opportunity and investment, that increase unemployment people, resulting in
increasing the number of people living below poverty line having rapid population growth in an environment of
weak economic structure. In addition in Ethiopia, the government ,NGO and private investment is grow at low
rate, that create low job opportunity for rapid population growth ,special at urban area .due to short age of
budget and technology ,government investment in social service is low, which create more job opportunity for
currently unemployed labor force (Girma, 2003) .

2.1.3.2 Social problems

A) Dependence ratio
Dependence ratio is a measure of the degree of burden created by the unproductive population over the
productive population. Dependency ratio is expressed in percentage. The population of Ethiopia is pre
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dominantly young. This is a direct result of high fertility rate. Ethiopia has large non-productive population,
with large dependent population, expenditure for education, health, shelter, food and basic service become very
high. Rapid population growth produces a youthful population dominated by children those who are almost
unproductive economically, highly consuming rather than effectively producing product. (EEA,2009)
B) Social service provision
In fact, the effects of rapid population growth on social and economic development of public service are
complex and adverse in their nature. Obviously rapid population growth entrants with public education, health,
housing, food supply, employment opportunity, investment and the quality of the environment at large. As
population of Ethiopia growth rapidly, the demand for social service increase simultaneously but the economic
capacity of country failed to satisfies the demand of all societies (EEA, 2009).
Effects on health: Ethiopia has registered a poor health statutes and high rate of population growth with weak
economic development. The poor health status is largely attributable to prevent table infection disease and
nutritional deficiencies. Poverty cycle, low level of education, inadequate access to clean water, shortage of
sanitary facilities and poor access modern health facilities have contributed to the poor health situation or status
in Ethiopia.
Effects on education: the rapid population growth has resulted in growing demand for education. Now days
though school are being built, total number of students has increased enormously. Thus there are still large
number of dreddrdo not get chance to go school especially in rural areas. In many urban centers school have
overcrowded class rooms. to improve this situation a large sum of money on building schools ,purchasing
educational facilities and printing books as well as training the teachers being invested but failed to satisfies
rapid population growth of children population.
Effects on Housing: Ethiopia is currently facing a serious problem of housing due to limited supply. The short
age is aggravated by the high rate of growing of population and by the stagnation in the construction of
residential houses. Rapid population growth leads to high demand for housing shelter and other social service.
Homelessness is already a major part of the housing problem, mainly around urban center. The number of
homeless person or squatter who live in bus station, pavement and in any open spaces has increased. In Ethiopia
housing sector lack comprehensive policy, which create favorable condition for housing market. Thus at present
there is little change in construction of housing (Berhanu
and under development of the economy. The rapid rate of urban

2.1.4 Population size and Trends

By 1900, the population of Ethiopia was 11.8 million. It had annual growth rate of 0.2 percent. After 1900, the
population growth very fast, then between 1960 and1990 that is within short time, the population once again
doubled. After 1970, populations reach 29.5 million with 26 year of doubling time. In 2000, it reaches 63.4
million and 2.9 annual growth rates. This indicates Ethiopia population has been growing rapidly. Obviously,
rapid population change is a common demographic feature of LDCs (CSA, 2008).
2.1.5 Impact of population growth on Mizan-aman town socio-economic development
Mizan-aman town is affected by population growth in terms of the lack of land, unemployment, and other
social services. According to information taken from Teji town administration and small micro enterprise office,
there is unemployment of 2909 and employed of 1543 in Teji town. This implies that there is the effect of
population growth over the towns’ economy. Also there is the lack of supply in terms of land, material, and
money because of increasing number of people that unbalanced with the yearly budget of the town (Mizan-
aman administration office, 2015).

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2.2 Empirical Literature
Evidences on Ethiopia economy showed that rapid population growth in the country has seriously affected the
development of the economy. The growth rate of GDP and perception GDP have been declining with growth of
population for instance. The GDP growth rate in 1978 was four times higher than that of the 1990 while per
capita GDP declined to almost zero in 1990 from 2.6 in 1978 (Berhanu and Befekadu, 2007/2008).
Experiences over the last couple of decades in Ethiopia have shown that when human numbers increased the
population carrying capacity of the environment decreased.
“…. High population growth rate included in increased demand for resources and the rate all which these
resources are exploited. In Ethiopia where technology has not kept pace with the demands for greater
productivity, environmentally harmful and economic country productive methods or exploiting land associated
resources are resorted in order to meet immediate needs. As a consequence; climatic condition became erratic
and soil quality declined at an alarming rate” (national population policy of Ethiopia 2005).
Empirical evidence on Ethiopia agriculture and population growth shows as that there is a wide gap between
population growth and the corresponding in food production. “Declining per capital production, low caloric
consumption and increasing food insecurity and resource exploitations are the likely consequence of population
pressure in Ethiopia (NPPOE, 2005).
In an Africa context in general and Ethiopia in particularly the growth in food production has failed to keep
pace with population growth. In sub-Saharan Africa, for example the growth of per capital food production is
2% while the population is growing at 3% per annum” (Abbi, 2011).
Rapid population growth in Ethiopia aggravated the existing gap of unmet need for social services. The quality
of health and education services in the country have been and continued being deteriorated by the rapid growth
of population. A report presented to the office of prime minister of the transitional government of Ethiopia in
2001 put the effect of population growth on the service sector as “In spite of the facts that during the last several
decades, environment figures in absolute terms, at various levels of education have significantly increased, large
proportions of the school age population still remained outside the school system of the more rapid rate at which
enrolment increased relative to facilities. The quality of education has seriously deteriorated.” (National
population policy of Ethiopia. 2009).

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Description of study Area

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 Mizan -aman town is one of the town of south nation nationality poeple regional state of Ethiopia. which
is locted at a distance of 586km from addis abeba it is found in the south west part of Ethiopia in bench maji
zone. in majority of economic activity of mizan-aman town under take into informal sector and the rest of
population engaged on formal economic activity the total population of bench-maji zone according to
ciunces ,2007E.C 652,531 from this male population 18,138 and female 15,242 for administrative simplicity the
town has 10 kebeles adminstrative (Mizan-aman town administration office,2007).
The physical location of town is situated between 6.73’-7.01 o latitude and 35.37- 36.7 longitudes. It s average
temperature and rainfall are 15.1-25 and 1800-2000Mm respectively .

3.2 Types and Source of Data

The study use both primary and secondary data source. The primary data sources are collected from selected
residents of towkebeles. Officers of kebeles and town administration are included to get more detail
information. Secondary data are obtain from annual population report data of Mizan-aman town labor and social
affair ,Annual population report data of kometa andhibret kebeles.

3.3 Method of data collection

Both primary and secondary data's were collected for analyzing the Effect of population growth on socio
economic development .The primary data was collected from the respondent through interview and
questionnaires, secondary data was collected from the documentented materials wich were found from statics
office and kebele adminstrative. from the respondent through conducted from

3.4 Sampling design

The sample designed to conduct is random selection. The sample size of respondent for
73questionnairesrespondents from 3641 household of the town. The respondent is resident of kebeles, officer of
kebeles and town administration.
The issues precision (how close the estimate is to the true population characteristics) and confidence (How
certain the researcher is that the estimate will really hold true for the population) are addressed by calculating
the sample size. The sample size is also influenced by time available, the budget and the necessary degree of
precision .The sample size needed is a function of confidence interval of ± 5%, confidence level of 95%, and
the population size of three thousand six hundred fourty one (3641) and 361 sample size of the total population.
According to Kothari (2004) the sample size is determined using the formula of
Description
N=number of house holds
n=required sample size
z=confidence level at 95% (standard value of 1.96)
E=margin of error at 5% (standard value of 0 .05)
P= population proportion at which the sample size is maximum (at p=0.5 and q=0.5, p*q=0.25) where q=1-p

N o Name of Town Number of Kebeles in the town Total population of the town Number of Households Sample size of respondents
1 . Mizan-aman 1 0 6 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 4 1 7 3

10
3.5 Methods of data analysis
The descriptive way of data analysis includes statistical tools such as tabulation, percentage, ratio, average and
diagram representation are applied to explain the impact of rapid population growth on social and economic
development of the town in clear qualitative and quantitative ways. And also data will be analiyzed by
desciptive statics.

CHAPTER: FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter tries to analyze and interpret the data by employing different mechanisms. The researchers
collected the data from 73 households of tow(2) kebeles of the town. These are daily laborers, business persons
and government employees. To all of the 73respondents are taken by using random sampling.

4.1 Primary data analysis

4.1.1 Background of respondent

This section presents the informationcollected from 73 residents of the town. This information is collected
through interview and structured questionnaire of 73 respondent .
Table 4 1:Age distribution of respondents.
Age(in year ) F r e q u e n c y Percent Mean age

˂ 2 0 8 1 1 2
2 0 - 3 5 3 2 4 4 8

3 6 - 6 5 2 1 2 9 5

˃ 6 5 1 2 1 6 3

T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 1 8
Source: Own survey, 2017
As the above table shows the high percentage of respondent’s age is between 20-35 ages that is44 percent. It
can also be seen that more of the town’s household’s age is found to be between 20-35 years and 36-65 years.
The result shows that more of the societies are economically active in productive activity. And also 12 of
respondents are elder person who cannot contribution to economy, this increase dependence ratio of the town.

11
 Table 4.2: Sex distribution of the respondent.
This table explains about marital status of the household of the town.
S e x Frequency P e r c e n t ( % ) Average

M a l e 4 7 6 4 3 2

Female 2 6 3 6 1 8
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 5 0
Source: Own survey, 2017
The above table shows that from 73 respondent 26females arethose lives alone with children without husband.
It also implies that these families come to this town to search better job opportunity and for education purpose.
This shows us that children without father but only mother cannot gain the education opportunity. This will
make in particular this family to fail under poverty and in general hindrance country’s development.

4.1.2 Population growth and socio- economic development of the town.

4.1.2.1, Family size of the respondent.

Family size is one of the important determinants of population growth in a given area. Increase in family size
makes the local area densely populated.
Table 4.3: Family size distribution of respondent:
Family size F r e q u e n c y P e r c e n t ( % )
1 - 4 2 9 3 9 . 7
5 - 9 3 7 5 0 . 6
˃ 9 7 9 . 5
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0
Source: own survey, 2017
Table 4.3 shows that, majority of the households have family members of 5-9.households with family size of 1-4 are
39.7percent and with family size greater than 9 is 9.5percent. The study has an implication that high fertility rate lead to
rapid population growth.

12
Population growth and economy of the town.
Frequency
250

200

150
frequency
economy
100

50

0
<4 >5&<9 >9
Family size
Fig: 4.1, family size & economy of the town.
This graph shows that population growth affect economic development. When family size is increase over the
economy. This implies that when population growth over economy there is no economic development rather
than subsistence food only. This is start from <4 family - >5&<9 family the economy increase and after that
decrease, this shows as family size increase economic development decrease. Then there is adverse relationship
between economic development and population growth.

4.1.2.2 Education level of the respondent.

Education level is one indicator of economic development that makes improve people’s social live. In Mizan-
aman town people’s level of education is from 1-8. There are also illiterate group accountingfor 15 percent that
affects the socio-economic development adversely.

Table 4.4: Education level of the respondent.

E d u c a t i o n l e v e l Frequency P e r c e n t Average
I l l i t e r a t e 1 1 1 5 1 . 5
1 - 8 2 2 3 0 3 . 1
9 - 1 0 1 5 2 1 2 . 1
1 1 - 1 2 8 1 1 1 . 1
D i p l o m a 1 0 1 4 1 . 4
High education(BA) 4 5 0 . 5
M A / M C S 3 4 0 . 4
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 1 0 . 5
Source: own survey, 2017

13
Majority of the households attained 1-8(30%), Diploma(14%) and BA (5%). This shows more or less shortage
of social service by side of education. This is one problem that rise from the rapidly increase of population
growth.

4.1.2.3, work condition and income of the respondent

Table 4.5: work condition, kind of work and monthly income
Are you currently employed F r e q u e n c y P e r c e n t Average
Y e s 2 8 3 8 1 4
N o 4 5 6 2 2 2 . 5
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 3 6 . 5
K i n d o f W o r k
S e l f - e m p l o y e e 2 2 3 0 3 . 7
D a i l y l a b o r e r s 3 5 4 5 1 2
Government employee 1 6 2 3 5 . 3
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 2 4 . 6

Monthly income(birr)
˂ 5 0 0 1 4 1 9 3 . 5
5 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 5 . 2
1 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 2 8 3 8 7
˃ 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 . 5
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 1 8
Source: own survey, 2017
The above table shows that majority of the respondent are currently unemployed that is 62percent or 22 .5on
average and those who did employ are 38 percent or 14 on average. Majority of respondent monthly income is
income of 1000-2000 that accounts 28(38 percent or 7 on average), 500-1000 and >2000 are about 30 percent
or 5.2 on average, and 13 percent on average 2.5 respectivily and income less than 500 is 19 percent or 3.5 on
average.
Also it shows that majority of society have no job; earn low monthly income means when we compare with
currently living cost condition, many people earn monthly income b/n 1000-2000 this not survive there living
standard and day work that account for 28 (38percent or 7 on average). So that this shows the mismatch of
economy and population growth.
4.1.2.4, Analyzing income of respondent, how it surviving and contribute to economy.
Income growth led to economic development. But, the area is densely populated in general and large families in
particular have no any contribution to economic development rather than surviving life if more. On another
hand in other area there is no self-surviving than subsistent consumption.
Table 4.6: Income analysis.
Is your income surviving you? Frequency P e r c e n t ( % ) Average
Y e s 2 7 4 0 1 3 . 5
N o 4 6 6 0 2 3
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 3 6 . 5

14
 S a v i n g
Y e s 2 0 2 7 1 0
N o 5 3 7 3 2 6 . 5
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 3 6 . 5
Source: own survey, 2017
The above table shows that although most of respondent can’t survive by their income this is 53(73%), there is
no saving by them from income because respondent who no saving(33) is greater than who have saving (20)
and 27(40%) can survive their life. This implies there is no contribution to economic development rather than
subsistence consumption. This shows what population growth makes on economic development adversely.

4.1.2.5 Housing condition of the respondent.

Another economic development explained by condition of house. House is one of social basic need to human
being fulfillment or lack of house shows the level of economic development.
Table 4.7: Housing condition.
House ownership F r e q u e n c y P e r c e n t ( % ) A v e r a g e
O w n e r 2 2 3 0 7
G o v e r n m e n t 5 7 1 . 7
R e n t e d 4 6 6 3 1 5
O t h e r 0 2 4
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 4 8
House built materia l
Wood and mu d 6 2 8 5 3 1
Metal and brick 1 1 1 5 5 . 5
O t h e r 0 0 0
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 3 6 . 5
Source: own survey, 2017
As the above table shows about the house ownership of respondent have their own house that is 22 30percent),
5(7 percent) is government house, 46 (63percent) is rented house. Most of the respondents home building
materials are wood with mud that is 62(85 percent), the remaining 11(15percent) build from metal& brick.
Many people live in rented house that were built from wood & mud. This shows the inverse relation between
population and their economy.

Table 4.8: migrant, dweller and for work identification.

F r e q u e n c y P e r c e n t A v e r a g e
D w e l l e r 2 5 3 4 8
M i g r a n t 3 6 4 9 1 2
F o r w o r k 1 2 1 6 4
T o t a l 7 3 1 0 0 2 4
Source: own survey,2017
As the above table shows about the migrant, dweller and for work implication the migrant to the town is
36(49%), 25(34%) is the dweller of the town and the 12(16%) for government worker. This implies that (49%)

15
or 12 average migrate to the town and added to the dwellers this makes increase the town’s population and
affect the town socio- economic development.
4.2, Secondary data analysis

4.2.1 Consequences of rapid population growth on the town Socio-economic development

The impact of rapid population growth of the town on social and economic development is complex and
adverse in its nature. The situation of population adversely affects the process of development. This is true in
developing urban area like Mizan-aman town, where rapid population growth puts serious threat to
development efforts. Rapid population growth highly interacts with land share, social service, food production,
employment opportunity, per capital income, quality of natural resource and environment at large.

4.2.1.1 The towns Land share capacity and its population.

In the town, land share and its population are inversely related. As population of town growth rapidly their
demands for land share increase that diminish land share in the societies. See the following table and graph:

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15 percent
10
5
0
e e y t bo
us ad ice rt in or
ho tr rv us om p ga
ls
e
in
d nd ns
o ra
ocia c t
s
Types of services
Fig: 4.2 land share ofMizan-amantown.
The above graph shows in Teji town the land shares for house is larger that is 47%. Land for transport (17%),
land for social service (12%), land for trade (9%), land for industry (5%), land for condominium house (5%),
and land for Gabo (for agricultural service) (5%). This show because of population growth large share of land
can be for household house. And also the land for industry, for social service, land for transport and for trade is
very important for economic development but they are less in percent that is 5%, 12%, 17%, 9% respectively.
This implies that population growth affect the land share capacity of the town in development of industry,
transport, trade and social service. This makes the deterioration of economic development.
Table 4.9:Mizan-aman town’s populations by kebeles.
K e b e l e s
Male Female Total Percent

H i b r e t 5 2 0 6 5 4 1 2 1 0 6 2 4 1 5
K o m e t a 3 5 3 6 3 6 8 0 1 0 0 2 5 4 1

16
 T o t a l 2 5 7 6 2 2 7 0 1 5 5 2 7 7 7 1 9
P e r c e n t 4 9 5 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Source: Mizan-aman town labor and social affair and Own survey, 2017
The above table shows that yearly population growth of the town is about 3.4%. Out of the 4 kebeles of the
town, majority of the populations are found in kebele 02. Compared to other kebeles, 01 kebele has few
populations. This is because of lack of family planning program. This may result in an increase of
unemployment.
Number of population
25000

20000

15000

population
10000

5000

0
1 2 3 4
Kebele
Fig: 4.3 population of Teji town by kebeles.
This grat 150 person.

4.2.2.1.3 Housing service

House is one of the basic needs of human being. Types of houses of the town are major indicator of the level of
its development. It is not only the number matters but also the quality of constructional materials. Teji town is
currently facing a serious problem of housing due to limited supply of its service. The shortage is aggravated by
the high rate of growth of the urban population and by the stagnation in the construction of residential houses.
Generally, as population grows rapidly, the proportion or ratio of houses decreases.
In Teji town there are about 84% houses that provide different function. The common features of housing units
in Teji town Kebeles are as follows:
 Most of housing units are built from materials likes timber, mud, and corrugated iron sheet.
 Most of the housing units are attached to one another.
 Most of the housing units have floor with tiles made from mud.
 Most of the housing units lack the essential services.
 There are great disparities in the standard of the quality of the houses.
Because of these problems majority of urban housing condition are relatively remained poor but the
town population growth rapidly that create more demand for housing than supply of housing services.

17
4.3 Population growth and socio-economic development in the town
In developing urban area like Mizan-aman town, the relationship between rapid population growth and socio-
economic development have indirect relationship due to imbalance between population growth and economic
development.
The influence on population operates through population dynamic (fertility, mortality, migration), while that of
population on development of economy can be explained in terms of size, structure, age, and growth of
population. According to Mizan-aman town since population size and growth are high, it is difficult to improve
over all social and economic development of the town. As the population of the town is dominated by economic
group inactive groups and which are totally dependent on their parents.

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1. Conclusion
The main determinants of population growth of the town emanate from large family size because of high
fertility rate, and increase urban migration over the study period. In this respect, the study provide that rapid
population growth in the town is the result of high birth rate and rise in migration of people from surrounding
rural area in to the town. The stage of socio-economic and demographic development factor (social, cultural,
economic and political) of the town societies in turn determines the level of fertility and urban migration.
Fertility rate and immigration increases the population growth, while mortality and emigration decrease
population of the town.
Moreover, the study confirmed that the impact of rapid population growth is the outcome of unbalanced growth
between population and socio-economic activities of the town. Rapid population growth of the town resulted in:
diminishing land share, increase in unemployment; high urban migration and inadequate creation of job
opportunity, rise in less than 15 age population, dependence ratio, and shortage of social service provision are
the main impacts of population that adversely affect the process of social and economic development in the
town. In the town high growth of population with limited supply of goods and services, result in low
development of social and economic transformation of the societies.
Regarding to this as the study proved in the Teji town the relationship between population growth and economic
development of the town were negatively related. This is because of the mismatch between rapid population
growth and economic development. The strong relationship between population growth and socio-economic
development is the area of food production, per capital income, investment and production of goods,
distribution of social service, land share , basic need, infrastructure facilities, natural resources and sustainable
economic development that unbalanced with the present population growth ofkebeles of society.

5.2. Recommendation
Government should reduce rapid population growth through well conducted population policy. Because the
Imbalance between population growth and economic development are a great headache of most developing
countries today. That population growth can address the main problem such as; lacks of job opportunity, lack of
18
social service distribution, improper utilization or immobilization of land, wastages of environment and rapid
urban migration.
To reduce unemployment for living population, Government should motivate the participation of private and
NGOs investment by creating better conducive environment for investment to expand more job opportunity, to
increase production of goods and services, to reduce dependence ratio, to increase per capital income and
improving living standard of the society.
The regional and federal government should improve living condition of societies through, better provision of
social service, expansion of investment and increase in production, rising per capital income, improving
provision of contraceptive method, increasing social awareness on impact of population growth on economic
development and enabling family control of their fertility.
The Teji town administration should reduce rapid population growth and its effect on social and economic
development of town by taking some measurements as follows
 Expanding modern health center, provision of better community based family planning.
 Raising economic opportunity, educational status and empowerment of women because women have
more responsibility of rearing or bearing of children than man.
 Increasing social awareness on low demand for children and impact of rapid population growth on the
town socio-economic development.
 Maintain and improving the carrying capacity of the environment by taking appropriate environmental
protection and conservation measures to achieve sustainable development in the town.
 Government should facilitate education opportunity to children who have no family, facilitate the
modern family planning program to reduce the family size, enhance job opportunity, guiding active
participation ratio and reducing unemployment to ensure economic development.
 Town administration must be adopting market plan to stable the relation between land share and this
rapid population growth of the town.

REFERENCE
………… (2015) Annual population Report of Teji town, Teji town communication office

19
 …Befekadu and Berhanu, N, (2007/2008), Annual report on the Ethiopian economy, volume 1, 2000E.C,
Ethiopian Economic Association Press, Addis Ababa-Ethiopia.
..Beall and Fox, National Journal academic of research science (2009).population growth and economic
development: policy question. Washington, D.C: National academic press.
..Bloom D. E., Canning D. E.2006 Booms, busts and echoes: how the biggest demographic upheaval in history
is affecting global development. Finance. Dev. 43, 8–13.
…..Dyson, T.cassen, R.andL.visaria (Ends) (2008) Twenty-first century India-population, Economy, human
development and the Environment, Oxford, Oxford University press.
…….Easterlin, Richard....’’An Economic Framework for Fertility Analysis. ‘Studies in Family planning.
….Girma, K, (2011), population, labor force and unemployment in the primitive city of Ethiopia, Volume 25,
Artistic printer press, Addis Ababa-Ethiopia.
………….Martin .P (2009) “Demographic and Economic Trends: Implications for International Mobility”
United Nations Development Program, Human Development Reports.

Michael P.T. and Stephens, S, Economic Development, tenth edition, 2009, New York University, USA.
…Ministry of Finance and Economic development (MOFED), Population andreproductive health,
2008.master printing press, Addis Ababa-Ethiopia.
…National Population Policy of Ethiopia: (2007) Addis Ababa Spiegel Henry William (1960). The Rise of
American Economic Thought: Philadelphia Chilton Book Division.
………………… (2010) populationAnnual Report of Oromia, (Oromia labor and social
affa…...............World book Wikipedia, Free Encyclopedia of Demography and population growth” volume
3.

20
 APPENDIX
MIZAN TEPI UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
Subject:questuonaire

Dear respondent:
The researcher prepare this questionnaire. The main purpose of this questionnaire is to prepare the research
paper on the topic of “the effect of population growth on socio-economic development in case study of
Tejitown”. Therefore, you are highly requested that to fill each questions truly and sensitively to give
acceptability for this paper since your responses quality determine the accuracy of the paper.
NB: filling more than one impossible.
Specifying is more important
For choice part mark ’X”
A) Demographic information
1) Gender A) Male B) Female
2) Age A) below 20 B) 20-35 C) 36-50 D) above 50
3) Marital status: A)Single B)Married C) Divorce D) widow

4) Education level A) Illiterate B)1-8 C)9-10 D)11-12

E) Certificate F) Diploma G) BA degree H) MA/MSC I) PHD

5) Family size________________________________________________
6) How many children have you educated? ___________________________________________________
7) How did you come here? A) Migrant B) dweller C) for work

If the answer number 7 is ‘A’ answer the following

8) Why because you migrate to here? Specify___________________________________________________
B) Economic information
9) Job status: Are you A) Employed B) unemployed
21
 If the answer number 9 is ‘A’ answer the following 10-12
10) What is your job? A) Own worker B) day worker C) government worker D) Other
11) How many is your monthly income? A) < 500 B) 500-1000 C) 1000-2000 D) >2000
12) Is your income surviving your life? A) Yes B) No
If ‘No’ Specify___________________________________________________________________________
If the answer on question number 9 is ‘B’, answer the following:
13) What is your source of income? Specify_________________________________________________
14) Housing condition: specify _____________________________________
15) From what does your house have built? Specify ____________________________________________
16) How many rooms it has? A) 1-3 B) 3-5 C) >5
If your answer on question number’5’ is other than ’A ’then fill the following 17-19
17) Can your yearly income surviving your family life on basic need, education, and health and so on?
A) Yes B) No
18) If the answer on question number 17 is No (B) why?
Specify_________________________________________________________________________________
19) If your answer for question No. 17 is “Yes” Do you have saving from your income?
A) Yes B) No
20) If No specify___________________________________________________________________________
If your answer on question number ’5’ is especially ‘C’, answer the following
21) What is the effect of large number of family size on your economy?
A) Positive B) Negative
Specify for both_________________________________________________________________________
22) What other things that affect your income negatively? Specify _______________________________

The following questions are expected to be filled by town administrator

23) Is there high population growth in the town?

A) Yes B) B) No

If you answer question no”23” A, answer the following question 24-25

24) As population increase in the town what effect have you observe on environment?

A) Positive B) negative

Specify__________________________________________________________________________

25) How you are minimizing that effect?

Explain__________________________________________________________________________

26) Have you ever thought society of the town about the effect of population growth on economy?

A) Yes B) No

22
 If you answer question no “26” A, answer for the question no “27”

27) What the society gain advantage from this?

_______________________________________________________________________________

28) Is there any effect on public expenditure if population increases in the town?

A) Yes B) No

Specify________________________________________________________________________

29) Is there any negative impact on fulfillment of infrastructure to society?

A) Yes B) No
Identify__________________________________________________________________________________
30) Is there land share for private sector who contributes development for town?
A) Yes B) No

23
1