“ANALYZING NEWS REPORTING PRACTICE: IN CASE OF CULTURE,

TOURISM AND GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION AFFAIRS,

SPESFICALLY OF SAWLA TOWN”

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

SAWLA CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA STUDIES

SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED TO COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA

STUDIES DEPARTMENT FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENTS IN
BATCHLER DEGREE OF ART IN COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
STUDIES

BY: EPHREM LEMMA

ID:- RSSH/338/08

ADVISOR M: R TAMIRAT MITIKU(M

MAY2018
SAWLA:ETHIOPIA
1
2
i
ACKNOWELEDGMENT
First and for most i would like to express my deepest gratitude to God,
for what he does for me in all my journey and make my goals straight.
because all things are done by him. next may chief thanks goes to my
thesis advisor instructor tamirat mitku .for his critical review
comments, all skill full advice, unceasing and immediate support and
above all his patience next to may advisor my deepest thanks goes to my
mother wuditu alefe who assist me throughout spiritually and financially
as well as her advice and moral at every semester for my success, and
again i would like to thanks my father dear lemma bezie.

I
 contents page
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................................1

1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background of the study...................................................................................................................1

1.2 Statement of problem........................................................................................................................1

1.3 Objective of the study........................................................................................................................2

1.3.1 The general objective:...................................................................................................................2

1.3.2 Specific objective:.........................................................................................................................2

1.4 Research question.............................................................................................................................2

1.6 significance of the study....................................................................................................................3

1.5 The scope of study.............................................................................................................................3

1.7 limitation of the study..........................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER TWO...........................................................................................................................................4

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.....................................................................................................4

2.1 Definition of News and News Reporting.........................................................................................4

2.1.1 What is news?...............................................................................................................................4

2.1.2. News Values................................................................................................................................5

2.1.3 Elements of News.........................................................................................................................6

2.1.4 News reporting.......................................................................................................................8

2.3 Definition and Quality of reporter.......................................................................................................8

2.2.1 Definition of Reporter...................................................................................................................8

2.2.2 Qualities of reporter..............................................................................................................8

CHAPTER THREE.....................................................................................................................................10

RESEARCH METHDOLOGY..................................................................................................................10

3.1. Research design................................................................................................................................10

1
 3.2 population of study...........................................................................................................................10

3.3 Sampling method...............................................................................................................................11

3.4 Sampling size.....................................................................................................................................11

3.5. Data collection procedure.................................................................................................................11

3.5.1 Interview.....................................................................................................................................11

3.5.2 Questionnaire..............................................................................................................................11

3.6 method of data analysis....................................................................................................................12

Chapter Four................................................................................................................................................13

Data Presentation and Analyses...................................................................................................................13

4.1 Educational background of the office employees..............................................................................13

4.2 specializaton or specification of the respondents..............................................................................14

4.3 Experience of the respondent crews..................................................................................................14

4.4 Way of news gathering......................................................................................................................15

4.5 News balances....................................................................................................................................15

4.6 Source of news...................................................................................................................................16

4.7 News values and elements.................................................................................................................16

4.8 Professional quality and effectiveness...............................................................................................17

4.9 Presentation of interview with the manager.......................................................................................18

Chapter Five.................................................................................................................................................19

5. Conclusion and Recommendation...........................................................................................................19

5.1 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................19

5.2 Recommendation...............................................................................................................................20

- ABISTRACT

2
The study was conducted at Arba Minch University sawla campus, on communication and media
studies. The aim of the study was analyzing news reporting practice of culture, tourism and
government communication affairs of sawla town. News is a report of recent or current event or
information published in news paper or other periodicals. Sawla town culture, tourism and government
communication affairs found in southern part of the country and it can be transmit(send) the message
supported by texts and video news for the south TV and radio by facebook. The research employed
both quantitative and qualitative method to collect and analyze the data. The researcher was selected
simple random sampling method to collect appropriate data. The data collection method were focus
interview and questionnaire.(the data collected through interview and questionnaire). The researcher
recommend that:- Sawla town culture, tourism and government communication affairs should be
consider those news values and element in every news.-Sawla town culture, tourism and government
communication affairs should fulfill the facilities to be better production of news.-Sawla town culture,
tourism and government communication affairs communicators should work based on their
professional qualification and act as watch dog sole between government and publics.

3
 CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events ,facts ideas
and people that are the news of the day and that impact society to at least some degree .the word
applies to the occupation (professional or not),the method of gathering information and the
organizing literary styles. Journalist media include print, television, radio, internet and in the past
newsreels.

“Mass media constitute a powerful force in our lives and it plays a very significant role in
shaping our perception of reality. It is important to serve national development goals of
economic development and political integration” MC Quail (1984) cited in Mercian (1987:99).

Report is any informational work made with an intension to tell information or recounting
certain events in presentable manner. Most official form of or works are completed via report.
Reporting is always written in sequential manner in order of occurrence.
The variety and the depth of news has of late increased manifold. In fact newspapers magazines
and periodicals have become the main source of information for the people. This fact
underscores the need for accuracy in news reporting.
Today, information addressed to public in various means of media. The medium may be
television, radio, online via internet, newspaper, magazine and any kind media. And also the
information flow by means government through government communication affairs.
In sawla town culture, tourism, and government communication affairs office have four main
work process and three supportive work process. These are:

 culture, history, investigation, development

 journalist work process
1
  information communication
 media development
Listed above are the main four work process of the organization
 human resource management
 development plan
 information statics
Listed above are the three supportive work processes of the organization.
Those work process work in customers or audiences interest on information and promotion, and
then disseminate information focused those public issues by different medium after the event
gathered organized well. it creates the two way form of communication with government and
public.
Sawla town culture, tourism and government communication affairs found in southern part of
the country and it can be transmit (send) the message supported by texts and video news for the
south TV and radio by Facebook.

1.2 Statement of problem

Today our world is becoming like a village in means of globalization. People interact each other
faster than before. This is because of information flow through the world by smart technology
products. And also media development played great role to share information everywhere. Even
our country media is rapidly growing today. Besides government communication affairs are
working on fulfilling public interest on information. According to peter (1996:4), “to Catch-up,
the attention of audience a broadcast media should apply the basic guidelines of news reporting
and news values. From those news values are balance and Fairness. Good reporter tries to keep
away from one side personal bias and beliefs when covering the fact”. Honestly giving both sides
of an argument, controversy and debate is fairness. “It is congruent with balance. Balance is
reporting both side of the Story without hesitating to give equal opportunity of treatment
equally”. So, every news reporting should be balanced and maintain fairness.

The common information sources that communicators use without any obstacles are those
meetings, government celebrations, press conference and foreign issues. Whereas there is

2
challenges in collecting the information that is about social issues. Meaning the source lies to the
communicator or do not give truthful information or most of them are not willing to
communicate with communicator.
So this study attempted to assess why the public’s give the faulty information.

1.3 Objective of the study

1.3.1 The general objective:

The study was evaluated sawla town culture, tourism and government communication affairs
news reporting practice.

1.3.2 Specific objective:

 To identify the sources of information in gathering way.

 To identify the challenges communicators face during information gathering.
 To find the reason why the public’s give faulty information.

1.4 Research question

Based on the above objectives, this research embraced the following major research question.

 Does the news fulfill news values?

 What are the challenges for the communicator during news gathering?
 Why most of news are more exaggerated than reality?

3
1.6 significance of the study

This research has the following advantages:

 By understanding the final may will be used as reference or input material to another
research.
 It will address or make awareness to others about the sector activity.
 It will assign the problem if there to be corrected in future.

1.5 The scope of study

The scope of this study was delimited in the news reporting practice of culture, tourism and
government communication affairs specifically of sawla town.

1.7 limitation of the study

This research requires was face different challenges in the gathering of data or conducting this
research among these obstacles are:

 lack of experienced respondent to obtain adequate

 shortage of reference book and internet service
 lack of budget or financial shortage

4
 CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Definition of News and News Reporting

2.1.1 What is news?

News is “a report of a recent or current event or information published in newspaper or other
periodicals. It is any accurate fact or ideas that will interests a large number of readers. It can
inform about an event and should be meaningful and have some importance for its readers”
(Pant, 1995:126). And also “News is compilation of facts and events of current, interest or
importance to the listeners of radio, readers of newspaper and viewers in case of
television”(Rich,2000:30).

5
2.1.2. News Values

News values are the most important criteria for determining newsworthiness. Accordingly, there
are different types of news values to judge the newsworthiness of the story. In this regard the
following are some news values that are put in this study. The following are some of the news
values forwarded by various scholars.

Timeliness:

“ News is immediate or recent. News is usually timely when an event occurs is sometimes just as
important as how it happened, who was involved or where it takes place”(Mayeux, 1996:6).

Proximity:

“Listeners and viewers are more interested in what affects them personally, directly and locally
than in events happening in some different locations. Thus, they tend to consider local news to be
more newsworthy than stories from far away countries” (Mayeux, 1996: 5). “Events that are
geographically or emotionally close to the reader, viewer or listener interest them” (Mencher,
2000:74).

6
Human Interest:

“News must be interesting. It really means that news should have a human dimension. Viewers
and listeners are interested about other people, even though who are not necessary well known”
(Mayeux, 1996:7).

Magnitude or impact;

“Consider also the impact, significance or consequence of a news event on the lives welfare, or
future of those in you listening or viewing” (Rich, 2000:36). “The impact sentence or paragraph
should answer the question: What is the significance of the story? What in the story makes the
reader care?” (Rich, 2000:36) .

2.1.3 Elements of News

There are different kinds of news elements but the most important news elements are accuracy,
fairness and balance, objectivity, clarity, and completeness. And different scholars put these
elements as follows.

7
Accuracy:

“means all information is verified before it is used. The desire for accuracy needs to become part
of your integrity and responsibility. Take time to check and recheck facts so that you can be
certain about information you gather and report” (Mencher, 1991:26). So, this requires to be
committed to honest and verified reporting.

Objectivity:

means that “the news story is free of reporters’ opinions and feelings, that it contains facts that
the account is by an impartial and independent observer. Stories are objective when they can be
checked against some kind of record and when materials are born out of evidence” (Mencher,
1991:46).

Fairness and balance:

means “all information in a controversial issue is given treatment “Fairness results from a few
simple practices. It requires that you as reporter try to find every view point of a story” (Garrison,
1990:26). “It requires above all, that you make every effort to avoid following your own biases in
your reporting and writing. In reporting news, we attempt to be even handed when it is fair and
balanced; news tells all sides of the story” (Garrison, 1990:28).

Clarity:

“broadcast news must be reported clearly and concisely. Unlike newspaper readers, viewers and
listeners cannot re-read stories. Broadcast journalists must present the stories in a way that the
audience understands the stories in the first time it is seen or heard” (Maueux, 1996:4). “Clarity

8
enhanced by simplicity of expression which generally means short sentences, words, coherence
and logical story structure” (Mencher, 1991:50).

Completeness:

“the broadcast journalists cannot always present all sides in a controversy. Even if deadlines are
the necessary things, broadcast journalists try to complete and balance reporting. The reporter is
forced to make decision about the path of story coverage” (Mayeux, 1996:4).

Attribution:

“The reporter identifies his or her sources of information. Where did you get the information?
Who told these facts? How the reader can be sure what you say is true? The attribution provides
those answers” (Rich, 2000:37).

Background:

“is there any history or background the reader needs in order to understand how a problem or
action occurred? Most stories need some background to explain the action” (Rich, 2000:38).
“When a writer provides material that helps readers or listeners to understand an event more
fully, we say that the writer is providing background.

2.1.4 Duties of News Reporters

According to Linton 2016; News reporters are responsible for gathering and writing about the
news as it happens. The advent of 24-hour news broadcasts and regularly updated digital editions
of newspapers puts pressure on reporters covering national or international events to be first with
the story or to find a new angle. Local reporters do not face the same time pressures, particularly
when they are working for weekly publications.

However, they have to find stories that keep readers or viewers informed or entertained.

Reporters cover events that make the news. A news editor makes decisions about the importance
of breaking stories and assigns reporters to cover the event. The source of the story could be a
press release, breaking news over the wire service or a tipoff from a contact. Reporters travel to
the scene, gather information and quotes from official sources such as police or fire crews or
witnesses, and put together a story. If they are covering the story for radio or television, they
record the story and interview sources.
9
News reporters cover regular, scheduled events in addition to breaking news. Sports
correspondents, for example, attend games to prepare reports. Reporters covering local
government issues attend official meetings and community events. Crime reporters go to police
stations and courts to keep up to date with ongoing cases or get leads to follow up.

To add depth to news stories, reporters do background research. They check the accuracy of facts
and contact experts or witnesses to obtain more detailed information. They also confer with the
legal team to ensure that sensitive stories are not breaking any laws. When they write articles,
reporters add background to the original news story and prepare a piece that fits the length or
time slot allocated by the editor.

Editors may assign individuals or teams of reporters to investigate issues of public concern, such
as allegations of corruption or inefficiency in local government.

Reporters interview people who can provide insight on the issues and build a story over time.
Presentation Reporters working in radio or television may also be responsible for presenting all
or part of their stories. They may present the story in the studio or do a live link to a news
anchor, giving an overview of the story and introducing the interviews they recorded on site.( Ian
Linton)

A News Reporter should follow the following steps:-

1. A reporter must appreciate the importance of having a good reputation for absolute reliability.
For this purpose he must be systematic in his habits and punctual in keeping his appointments.
By observing these principles, every reporter can make his path smooth and trouble free.
2. A reporter should have the ability of news reporting and writing skills in the language of his
paper. He should possess the quality to compose in a condensed manner as per allowable space.
3. The reporter of any local newspaper occupies a unique position and he becomes quite popular
with the people of his town. He reports the local events, functions, fairs, socials etc. and comes
closer to the social life of the town. A reporter should follow some professional ethics in his
work. Sometimes, while engaged in his profession, he may come to some persons and develop
confidential relations with them.
4. Sometimes, a reporter may be asked to write short length paragraphs regarding the local
intelligence or about the city news. For this he should keep his eyes and ears open and develop a
nose for local news. He should develop a system to ensure that none of the interesting news is
missed by him. He should try to know the secretaries of social, religious, political, musical
dramatic, legal, official and other organizations and should call upon them regularly to get some
10
interesting stories. He should make inquiries from the police regarding news of accidents and
crimes. He should also contact the fire-station for the particulars of local fires.
5. Every reporter should keep an engagement diary. In this way he can systematize his working
and attend to all his appointments properly and punctually. By keeping an engagement diary he
can know about the important engagements and other events in the future and cover them
without fail.
6. The reporter should not forget to give a head line to his typed copy. Every copy which goes to
the printer to be set is given a catch line. The catch line is a key word, because during the
production it identifies all the sheets of the copy. Tile catch line is given on each sheet so that the
printer can collate the whole story. The catch line should be chosen very carefully.

It is better to choose an uncommon word, which may not resemble with another news catch line
(Umar Farooq, 2015)

2.1.5 News reporting

News reporting involves discovering all relevant facts, selecting and presenting the important
facts and weaving a comprehensive story. Reporting involves hard work, which in turn involves
stamina and patience.
The main function of journalistic profession is news reporting. A reporter needs not only energy
to spend long hours chasing a story, collecting facts from various sources in an effort to dig up
the truth, he needs must have the will to pursue the course of his investigation to the very end in
order to produce a really comprehensive story without any missing links or unanswered
questions.
Reporting is just a genre of writing, alongside essays and stories, and bloggers most certainly
fall into that genre. When they talk about reporting on a show like Frontline, they mean the
process a reporter goes through.

1. Interviews, research.

2. Assemble a story.

3. Fact-checking and editing.

11
4. Publishing.

2.2 Definition and Quality of reporter

2.2.1 Definition of Reporter

A person who writes news stories for a newspaper, magazine, etc., or who tells people the news
on radio or television is reporter one that reports as

a. One who makes authorized statements and publications of court decisions or legislative
proceedings also a publication in which such reports are reproduced.
b. One who makes a shorthand record of a speech or proceeding.

2.2.2 Qualities of reporter

1) Curiosity- A reporter must absolutely be a very curious person. This is by far the number one
thing and it outweighs all of them. Interested in how things work.

2) Communication Skills: You have to be able to communicate with people, interpret what
information they give you, and present it to others.

3) Integrity-

4) Ability to be neutral and unbiased

5) People Skills: A lot of hard news/beat reporters don’t have great people skills, but the best
reporters do.

6) Writing Skills: This is kind of a no brainier. Even broadcast journalists benefit with writing
skills. Journalists need to be able to write clearly and using few words.

12
7) Persistence: Craziest thing, some people you have to write about don’t like you or don’t care
about you. You have to be able to call them over and follow them around like a stalker
sometimes to get the information you need.

8) Guts: You need to be brave enough to write the truth, no matter what the consequences.
Sometimes it’s not easy.

9) A skill or interest in something else

It helps a lot if you have a skill or interest in something else. For instance journalists that know a
lot and have a lot of interest in a certain subject are usually valuable.

10) Competitive Spirit: Journalism is a competitive business. Jobs are few and far between. Also,
once you get a job, you have to be competitive to beat your opponents (other stations, papers) to
the story.

13
 CHAPTER THREE

3. RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

3.1 Research design

This research used both quantitative and qualitative method . According to Dominick and
Wimmer (2011:49), “Quantitative research requires that the variables under consideration be
measured. It is concerned with how often a variable is present and generally uses numbers to
communicate this amount and the use of numbers allows greater precession in reporting results”.

The other one is qualitative research method. The main reason to use this method in this study is
to generate reliable information in non-quantitative form. In line with this, “The qualitative
research method allows the researcher the flexibility to search information specially to get
satisfactory answer for why and how questions” (Kothari, 2004). In order to get necessary and
relevant information about the topic of the study, the researcher selected both quantitative and
qualitative methods of research.

3.2 population of study

The target population of the study was include employees of sawla town culture, tourism and
government communication affairs, but not include the residence of living around the
organization. This study was select 10 employers from total workers in sawla town culture,
tourism and government communication affairs, the total number of sawla town culture, tourism
and government communication affairs are 19 workers.

3.3 Sampling method or sampling technique

14
In order to gain the required information, the researcher was selected simple random sampling
method. Because “simple random sampling is a procedure that give each of the total sampling
units of the population an equal known non zero probability of being selected”(Nachmias,1996).

3.4 Sampling size

In this study, the researcher was selected 10 employers working in sawla town culture, tourism
and government communication affairs and the researcher was distribute (give) questionnaires
for them. And also additionally the researcher was interviewed the organization manager.

3.5. Data collection procedure

To get the required and reliable information about the study the researcher used the following
data gathering methods.

3.5.1 Interview

According to Nachmias (1996:239) when the researcher use interview data collection method, it
has the following advantages:

 Flexibility in questioning process-in focused and non directive interviews the

interviewer can clarify question and examine for additional information.
 Control of the interview situation-interviewer determines who answer questions
are answered.
 -Fuller information-interviewers are able to collect supplementary information
from respondents.

3.5.2 Questionnaire

15
As Nachmias (1996:6) stated “questionnaire helps reach more people, the respondent can get a
chance to answer the question independently in their own word and respondent have enough time
to answer every question among others”.

In order to this the study has been taken the data via questionnaire.

3.6 method of data analysis

The data gathered thorough questionnaire has been analyzed and interpreted using figures and
frequency of the numbers. While doing so, tables are used to show the figures and the
corresponding percentage and the qualitative data is dealt separately.

16
 Chapter Four

Data Presentation and Analyses

This chapter deals with data presentation, analyses and interpretation. The first part is about
quantitative data.

4.1 Educational background of the office employees

Table 4.1
Education Number of respondent Percent
Certificate - -
Diploma 3 30
Degree 6 60
Masters - -
Other 1 10
Total 10 100

Source: survey questionnaire 2018

The above table indicates the educational background of the respondent. All the employers are
those diploma, degree and other . As can we see from the table 4.1 the most employees’
educational background is degree that is 6(60%) and there are 3(30%) diploma and lastly only
1(10%) other. From this research sample respondents we can understand that the office crews are
educated well or professional.

4.2 The specialization or specification educationally of the respondents

17
Table 4.2
Field of study Number of respondent Percent
Journalism 2 20
Language 3 30
Communication - -
Public relation 1 10
Other 4 40
Total 10 100

Source; survey questionnaire 2018

The above table indicates that the communicators certified or graduated field of study. From
thus, 2(20%) are graduated in the field of journalism. About 3(30%) of the respondents are
language graduate. And 1(10%) is graduated in public relation and as well as 4(40%) graduated
in other field of study. From this table we can recognize that the office practitioners are more
other field of study graduated than journalism, language, public relation and communication.

4.3 Experience of the respondent crews

Table 4.3

Year on job Number of respondent Percent

1month-1year - -
2-3 3 30
4-5 4 40
6-7 1 10
Above 7 2 20
Total 10 100
Source: survey questionnaire 2018
From the above table as we understand that around 4(40%) of the office employers have 4-5
years experienced from the total sample of 10 respondents. about 3(30%) of the sample
respondents have 2-3 years’ experience on their job. the rest 1(10%) of the sample respondents
have 6-7 years experience on their job. and as well as 2(10%) of the sample respondents have

18
above 7 years experienced from the total sample of 10 respondents. No one is below 1month-1
years’ experience from the research taken sample from the communicator randomly. This
implies that the office employers are very experienced on their job.

4.4 Way of news gathering

Table 4.4
Do you gather news story Number of respondent Percent
Yes 7 70
No - -
Rarely 2 20
Sometimes 1 10
Total 10 100

Source: survey questionnaire 2018

As we understand from the above table from the study taken of 10 communicator of sample
respondents 7(70%) of employers gather information by going to site and 1(10%) go to site to
gather information sometimes. and as well as 2(20%) of respondents gather information from site
rarely.

4.5 News balances

Table 4.5
Are your news are balanced Number of respondent Percents
Yes 10 100
No - -

19
 Not at all
Total 10 100

Source: survey questionnaire 2018

As the above table indicates that from the total population of respondent 10(100%)
communicators keep the news balance on their news story. This shows even 10(100%) keep
news balance on their news story, there is also unbalanced news are there done in the office in
some. But as a journalist or communicator to do news the news balance is essential element in
the news. Thus, an audience should get balanced and fair report. Therefore, every news must
keep balance of both sides. Actually as the research studied the office is on good stage in
balancing.

4.6 Source of news

Table 4.6
Source of news Number of respondent Percent
Public - -
Officials - -
Subject of the event only - -
Both public and officials 10 100
Total 10 100

Source: survey questionnaire 2018

The above table tells the sources of in Fiche town culture, tourism and Government
Communication Affair Office source use of news reporting with relate to different angles and
balancing all the respondents those 10(100%) communicators use both public and officials. This
is an excellent training for the office and even for the media. Mean that if the sources that the
communicator used is from both angle it helps to get pure and accurate information.

20
.

4.7 News values and elements

News values are the most important criteria for determining newsworthiness. Accordingly, there
are different types of news values to judge the newsworthiness of the story. And also there are
different kinds of news elements but the most important news elements are accuracy, fairness
and balance, objectivity, clarity, and completeness. To be a good news, the reporter should to
consider every time.

Table 4.7
Do you consider news values Number of respondent Percent
and element
Yes 10 100
No - -
Total 10 100.

Source: survey questionnaire 2018

From the above table we under that all the research respondents’ means that 10(100)
communicators consider about news values and news element when they gather and organize
news before it sent to media to be aired. So the office in excellent way in news writing practice
based on news qualification.

4.8 Professional quality and effectiveness:

Table 4.8
Are you effective on your Number of respondent Percent
work based on professional
qualification
Yes 7 70

21
 No 2 20
I don’t know 1 10
Total 10 100

Source: survey questionnare 2018

The table in the above describes professional qualification on practice and their effectiveness on
their job. Thus, 7(70%) of the respondents works based on their professional qualification and
they are effective on their job. 2(20%) did not work as their professional quality and they are not
effective on their job. And (10%) did not know about this.

4.9 Presentation of interview with the manager

Based on the interview conducted the researcher was asked in fiche town government
communication affair head office or manager. The questions are raised as follow respectively.
 How the news are collected or gathered from place in order to cover every event?
As he said firstly the news gathered in three ways. The first way is by future planning. This is
before the event happen the communicator plan that I should to produce news from some area by
forecasting it may be happen. This most time relate with organization annual plan. In planning
the first thing is issue selection or identification the story area. Then the interview question
should be coordinated well the participants in interview should be differentiated. Here the major
task is selecting the right person to the story to be interview.
The second method of news gathering way is to ask from the different organizations to be
reported their activity or the event. The third and last method of data gathering way is emergency
case which is something happened in unknown time. For example, natural disasters, death of
prominent person and other.

 What are the challenges that you face as a manager related to communicators and
editors?2832662876709440 But, sometimes the communicators gather and bring
unfulfilled information. Means that there is shortage of information. This problem
happened from the public's misunderstanding on giving information. Thus, most of our
22
 societies are not ready to exchange information more they did not want to give
information for media. Even if they are volunteer covers only the positive part and hide
the rest facts. The communicators bring this kind of news disagreements between
communicator and editors.

 What it look likes the relation between media and your organization?

The relation that we have the media is tv and radio. We have the agreement in how to give and
take or to make the information on air that we produced. Most of our programs sent in
production. Even if there is agreements between us sometimes the news delayed by different
causes.

Chapter Five

5. Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Conclusion
as stated earlier in chapter one, the core purpose of this study was investigate the following
research objectives.

 to identify the source of information in gathering way.

 to identify the challenges communicators face during information gathering.
 to find the reason why the public give faulty information.

According to the general objective of the paper and the findings of the paper and findings of the
study put in the above; the following conclusions are drawn. In order to meet the objective of the
study, some basic research questions were asked. And this conclusion considers those
fundamental questions as it proceeds to finalize the paper. The purpose of research was to
examine the practice of news reporting practice in case of fiche town government
communication affair office. the presented study focus on how the office communicators collect

23
and report to media. On this focal point the challenges and problems from different directions
related to news reporting are assessed in some.

As the researcher write in statement of problem in chapter one on how to practice has been
answered effectively on the study.

the research questions is:

 one of the research question is does the news fulfill news values? The news that
gathered from the every site includes all the news values as the finding of study. The
editors check each news every time in order to keep their values.
 The second question that the study to be answered in findings raised in chapter one is;
what are the challenges that the communicators face during information gathering? In
every personal activity to do something different kind of challenges face actually. In this
office getting the fact from the source is very challenging. Even there is a fact to report
itself to audience is forbidden in many case, for this the communicators lack ability to
work effectively as a professional quality.

 The last question put in chapter one was to bring answer for the paper objective is why
most of news are more exaggerated than the reality? here one of the news value and
basic one is truthfulness, meaning reporting the fact as it is with clear attribution. in fiche
town culture, tourism and Government Communication Affairs news are exaggerated
because of getting faulty information from the sources and pressure of government
propaganda.

5.2 Recommendation

Based on the research finding and the respective conclusion of the researcher; the following
recommendations are forwarded.

24
 in fiche town culture, tourism and Government Communication Affairs should to fulfill
the facilities to be better production of news.
 in fiche town culture, tourism and Government Communication Affairs should avoid
influences on communicators or to be give freedom wisely to report the fact event.
 in fiche town culture, tourism and Government Communication Affairs should be
consider those news values and elements in every news.
 in fiche town culture, tourism and Government Communication Affairs communicators
should work based on their professional qualification and act as watchdog sole between
government and publics.

REFFERENCE

25
Dominick and Wimmer,(2011)
 Garrison, (1990)
 Kothari, (2004)
 Maueux,(1996)
 Mayeux, (1996)
 Mc quil, (1984) cited in Mercian (1987)
 Mencher, (2004)
 Nachmias,(1996)
 Peter, (1996)
 Rich, (2000)

26
1