PROBLEMS FACED BY ENGLISH

LANGUAGE TEACHERS TEACHING WRITING

AT SECONDARY LEVEL IN MIRPUR REGION .

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the M.A. TEFL degree

SUBMITTED BY: OMER KHAYYAM

ID: 13KMR01539

SUPERVISED BY: MR. TOQEER AHMED

Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics

Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad,

2023
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

POPULATION

SAMPLE

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

CHAPTER 4

DATA COLLECTION

DATA ANALYSIS / FINDINGS

Chapter 5

CONCLUSION / RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE
ABSTRACT:
The world's most widespread, multinational, and multicultural language is English. One

of field is medicine, and the growing demand for this specialty has prompted new research

into the needs of medical students all throughout the world. The study undertaken intends to

takeout the English analysis is required language for medical professionals and in order to

suggest a needs-oriented course to meet their professional requirements. Insights from the

literature of English for specified purposes (ESP) and English for occupational purposes are

used for this aim (EOP). This study is based on a survey to determine the need for medical

professionals to speak English in their professional lives. The data of this research was

collected, quantitatively analysed and interpreted by questionnaire among 10 medical

officers (M.O) and 10 medical students of MohiUd Din teaching hospital and MohiUd Din

Islamic medical college Mirpur AJK. The findings showed that the medical officers do not

possess required proficiency of English language skills in their professional carriers. While

in their professional life, everyone feels lacking in some sort of English language difficulty

on their own.To sum-up researcher recommend a English language course which should be

as part of their MBBS curriculum to full fill their basic needs of English language abilities

to overcome in their practical life. At the end specific English language courses which is

field oriented must be part of their communicative needs in professional target settings.

Many of participants who are working in professional field suggest this idea that a course

must be the part of their syllabus to cover up this gap.

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Other foreign languages have flourished around the world, but English continues to play an

important role in education and the professional sector all over the world. In Pakistan,

English has been designated as a Langue Franca and an official language. It has evolved

into the language of science, technology, and the media. However, in today's world,

learning English is an ability that is acquired in response to the needs of a particular field or

occupation. ESP is the term for this form of learning (English for specific purpose). If you

want to narrow it down to a particular profession, it's called EMP (English for Medical

Purpose), which is a sub-type of ESP and an important part of this research. Every piece of

medical literature in Pakistan is written in English. In the medical sector, English is required

for academic purposes such as reading books, searching for information on the internet,

giving presentations, taking exams, interacting with teachers, and pursuing further studies

abroad. Doctors must be able to communicate in English in a variety of situations, including

meetings, conferences, and scientific publications.

Kang (2004) stated that learning English is essential for medical professionals since

all medical knowledge is available in the English language. According to Kurfurst (2004)

command over English language is necessary for medical professionals as most of

information present in books, articles, documents and journals are in English language. In

addition, it is necessary for their training and upcoming medical careers. However, English

for medical purpose (EMP) became essential. EMP is a kind of ESP which is important for

academic and professional needs of medical students. Niazi (2012) remarked that English

has got an unquestionable status in medical settings of Pakistan. There are many academic
and professional settings relying on English as far as Pakistani medical situation is

concerned. In Pakistan, the medical students have strong needs to learn EMP.

The aim of this study is to look at the English language needs of medical students

and the challenges they face due to a language barrier. For this reason, the researcher will

analyse the needs of medical professionals in Mirpur, AJK, from the perspective of doctors.

English is the language of all medical textbooks and so there is a desire need to learn basic

skills of English language for EMP. ESP specified need analysis strategy will be used in

this study to determine the communicative needs of medical professionals by the researcher.

Many professions need research, making it an important job skill. Your projects can be

guided by your research objectives, which are particular results you hope to attain via your

study, and they can assist you in achieving your overall aims. Knowing how to create

research objectives is a critical ability if your job entails conducting research. In a research

proposal, the study objectives often come first, frequently between the introduction and the

research question. The length of the article or proposal may let you to include the research

objectives in the introduction. In the abstract of their proposal, researchers typically add

include a list of their goals.

The amount of language practise is insufficient to help medical professional successful

deal with their departments and prospective employment requirements' intellectual and

linguistic requirements.Objectives of this research is to set and recommend course of

English language as part of their MBBS syllabus which is efficient to medical

professionals.Then again, the language instruction provided to medical students has not

been planned with consideration for their unique linguistic requirements.This study's

objective is to assess the needs of medical representatives and make recommendations for

developing an ESP course to meet their occupational language requirements. It is expected

that students would be able to understand a certain register of technical phrases and idioms

that are used in occupational contexts. The purpose of this research is as clearly mention for

problem statement that what are the difficulties of medical professional who are part of

MohiUd Din medical college and how can it be solves. Solution of that problem is to give

and addition subject of English language course for to improve their professional needs of

tackling. Because all medical courses and workshop, presentations and international form

are conducted in English language.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

A problem statement, which clarifies the problem that your project management endeavour

solves, is often a solution statement for a study proposal. The negative aspects of the current

situation are typically listed in a problem statement along with an explanation of why that is

significant. Additionally, it serves as an effective networking tool that facilitates the acquisition

of support and buy-in. The problem statement is a thorough study of a problem that needs to be

solved or of a situation that needs to be improved. It draws attention to the distance between the

problematic condition of a process or product and the desired shape (target). Understanding a

problem by expressing one is a prerequisite for solving it.

The whole medical literature in Pakistan is published in English. For doctors and medical

officers in the professional and vocational setting, English is required for conferences, seminars,

meetings, communication with overseas patients, and research publications. The research looks

at the English language demands of medical officers and creates a course for them based on their

individual needs. It is critical to incorporate medical officers' perspectives while constructing a

course. The study uses course design approach and ESP defined requirements analysis to assess

the medical officers' communicating needs. As for as this research problem is concern, I am

going to focus on English Language skills of medical professionals working in Mohiud din
Teaching Hospital Mirpur AJK. For this purpose, I prepared some questioner to checkout either

in what language skill they lack more. Because their MBBS course is throughout in English so

although they did not need basic but to some extent there are lacking in may aspect.The conduct

of research to enhance various facets of instruction and learning is a part of the role of

applied linguists, as well as to propose modifications that would result in successful

improvements in students’ learning, particularly among medical professionals working at

MohiUd Din Teaching Hospital. In this vein, and given that students of the medical college

receive mostly general English for their purpose. English language training, the researcher

believes that medical students’ English language practise is inadequate to support them in

meeting the academic and language standards at their department and for future

employment requirements. Furthermore, language courses for medical students have not

been developed in light of research on their special language demands. As a result. A

suitable language programme is necessary. Furthermore, language courses for medical

students have not been developed in light of research on their special language demands, as

a result, a language programme that meets the language needs of medical students is

critical. The researcher is inspiring prompted by the issue highlighted to do out research to

examine the English language requirements of medical professionals working in MohiUd

Din teaching hospital, which is a project hospital of MohiUd Din Islamic Medical College.

Some of the participants who are already very worried about their MBBS syllabus disagree

about this point to add an English course as part of their syllabus, but many of them are very

much motivated for this approach, andafter checking out the college of medicine's language

programme and speaking with the research coordinator.

Studies have shown that learning English is essential for medical professionals

because all medical information for medical professionals is available in English language.
Most of the information in medical books, journals and articles in medical are in English

language so there is need to have command over English language. EMP is a kind of ESP

which is important for academic and professional needs of medical students. The need is to

study the need analysis of medical professionals ofMohiud din medical college Mirpur,

AJK.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

A thesis's beginning often includes information on the study's importance. You strive to

persuade a reader why the study is worthwhile in this part, which is also known as the

"rationale" or "justification" It should specify who gains from the study and how the results

will assist that particular audience. The following two questions might easily represent the

importance of the study: Why ought to my research be published? What important advances

in science does my work make in my area of study? Importantly, the study's relevance

should be explained in a way that is understandable to a layperson. A written explanation of

the study's importance outlines the necessity of the research. It serves as a defence of the

significance of your work, the influence it has on your study area, its contribution to new

knowledge, and how it will help others. The reader has to understand the study's importance

and justification in order for them to understand why the research was significant. This may

be a professor reviewing your manuscript for peer review, a thesis examiner evaluating your

work, a grant reader reading your grant application, or a different research team reading

your journal article that has already been published. The reader should be able to understand

from your academic writing the importance, value, and contribution of the study you

conducted.The study's relevance is essentially how important your research is. The

relevance of your study must demonstrate how it will advance both the cause of your

research and society at large. You must include an explanation for the relevance of your

work, including reasons why it should be published.

How will this research advance your area of expertise?

Investigating the English language needs of medical professionals of Mohiud din

teaching hospital,which offering instructors and courses design, also those who oversee

schooling at MOTH using rules that assist in creating fresh ESP courses for medical
students that satisfy their requirements. May of participants support that there should be

English as a subject of their MBBS course. Because their existing proficiency in English skills

is not sufficient to compete international requirement when they are looking for any

where abroad for job or higher study. They need to improve their all four skills (leasing,

speaking, writing and reading). Although many of them who are practicing here did not say

anything about improving their skills because as much, they need English language in their

professional career they have.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

If the research question is filled properly, it will assist you in defining the question you

wish to address. This might help you organize your study but it can also help you anticipate

any hurdles or issues that could arise. You'll save time, work, and energy by doing this.

Research topics. Because they are more than just useful resources, research questions

are crucial to the investigation process. These questions affect most of the other stages used

to conduct the study since they clearly state what the researcher is seeking to learn. That

holds true even if the study is conducted for goals outside of academia, such as for our daily

life. For instance, research questions will assist you more effectively decide whether to seek

medical care-and how soon-if you're looking for information about a health issue to

determine whether you should be concerned.

A solid research topic gives you something to measure your progress against, allowing

you to ask yourself whether you are answering it, taking it on head-on, and, in the end,

whether you are satisfied with the answer. Alternatively, having created and utilised

research questions may enable you to determine more confidently whether to submit an

application for an internship or employment there if you are investigating a possible

company.

Knowing that the data on which your judgments are based were acquired by deliberate

thinking rather than accident and whim will give you the confidence you need to make

them.

To find the answer of my main focus of research. I have prepared questioner to find

answer of my objectives. In this section I prepared eight questions with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’
option and at on the end one question is for their recommendation for improving their

language skills.

1. What are the English Language Needs of Medical Students in Their Academic

Activities?

2. What is the existing level of proficiency in English skills among medical students?

3. What are the English language needs of doctors in their professional career?
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

What is a literature review?

A comprehensive examination of prior studies on a topic is called a literature review.

Academic books, journals, and other resources relevant to a particular subject of study are

examined in the literature review. This preceding study should be cited, summarised,

objectively assessed, and made clear in the review. It must give the study a theoretical

foundation and let you (the writer) define its parameters. The literature review ensures the

reader that your work has been carefully thought out by recognising the contributions of

earlier scholars. When previous research in the topic is brought up, it is expected possessed

by the author, the study was evaluated and incorporated into the present work. A literature

review gives the reader a complete grasp of the advancements in the subject by providing a

"landscape" for them. The reader may tell from this environment that the author has really

incorporated all (or the great majority) of earlier, important works in the topic into their

own work.

Significance of literature review in research.

We could go on and on about how literature evaluations continually feed fresh research,

which, then continually feeds reviews of literature. The fact that one exerts a power over the

other causes science, a field that spans the globe, to continuously advance and change.

Writing a literature review can help further your career as a scientist and distinguish you

from the field's top experts. Yet, it might also be a challenging task, so don't hesitate to get

in touch with Elsevier for text editing solutions, regardless of you need a thorough version

or simply one last revision. We promise to uphold the highest standards.Allowing us to

make the required changes to your article to ensure that it follows the format of a literature
review will also save you time. Who knows how many scholars throughout the world you

will influence with your next flawless literature evaluation.?

Why we need literature review in our research?

There may be various reasons to perform a literature review, but the four main results

are listed below.

 evaluation of a topic's status of research at the moment. Probably the most obvious

advantage of the literature survey is this one. A lookup of pertinent sources of knowledge

can be helpful a researcher assesseswhat is currently understood and how much has already

been explored once they have chosen an area to focus on for a research undertaking.

 identifying the subject-matter authorities. Conducting a literature review has many

benefits, including speedy identify the researchers who have written the most on a particular

topic subject and are thus probably the subject-matter authorities. A person is almost

certainly more informed than another if they have authored twenty articles on the same or

similar themes. Most of the other articles created on the same subject will most likely cite

this same author. The assumption that a researcher can make is that a certain writer is a

specialist in the area and, thus, a crucial resource for consultation in the current study to be

done based on the number of articles the author has produced and many times the other

writers have cited the author.

 Identifying important questions regarding a subject that demand more investigation.

By reading what's been written already about a subject, a scholar can frequently find new

perspectives that require more investigations. For illustration, studies may suggest that

music can help with memory while studying recall, but the study may not have considered

whether one musical genre is better than another.Then, ainvestigator who is those who are

interested in this topic should supplement the current data with a fresh study that seeks to

pinpoint which musical genres are most conducive to retention.

  identifying the approaches employed in prior research on the same or related issues.

When deciding which methods could be most helpful in advancing a topic, it is frequently

evaluatingthe types of research those earlier researchers have carried out. Likewise, a study

of previously completed studies might facilitate research come up with a fresh method for

doing their research.

After completing the written word review, the investigator should have a firm

comprehension of the subject matter and a strong sense of the course that any future study

should follow. The researcher will be aware of which specialists to contact in case any new

queries come up over the course of the study and need to be immediately answered.

There are many languages all around the globe, but English language is playing

significant role in the field of education and occupational context. All around Pakistan

English language get status of second official language of the country whereas on

international level, it is considered as international language or trade language. It is also

regarded as a science, media and technology language. Learning of English is equivalent to

learning different life skills and this learning takes place while considering the demands of a

certain field. This is why English for specific purposes is the name given to this type of

learning (ESP). Medical English (EME) and English for occupational purposes (EOP)

(EMP) are two sub categories of English for specific purposes (ESP). As well as (EMP)

English for Medical Purposes brought in to discuss as Pakistani context the entire the

medical literature is written in English.

English language need is first and for most basic step to investigate and find out need of

designing course for medical students, to find out answer of its researcher put questionnaire

among many students and teachers of medical students, he finds out that medical students

have to competent in all four skills for to fulfil their professional needs. (hakmati, 2020).
The goal of this research is to figure out what English language learners in Pakistan need in

terms of communicative, intellectual and professional skills. For this reason, the researchers

used closed-ended questioners and concluded that medical learners' English language skills

are insufficient to match their linguistic demands, and that English is therefore highly

essential. Because the quantity of English taught prior to enrolling in medical school is

insufficient to fulfil the academic and professional demands of medical students. (Niazi M.

M., 2012)

Even though the ESP method is commonly employed written in English programmes in

Saudi Arab, the medical industry poses a barrier because English is the primary means of

communication in the medical field. The study’s goals were discovered communication

requirements for medical professionals working in area of Riyadh investigating their

English language int their workplace. The data also revealed that receptive skills (such as

reading and listening) were valued higher than productive skills (speaking and writing). The

proportions of receptive and productive time skills, however, were tool close enough to say

"yes" decision. Eventually, the data demonstrated that health professionals’ college English

syllabus were insufficient in linking English language use to their medical demands.

(Alharby M. , 2005)

An analysis is needed to determine the best English teaching resources for a certain

objective. In this article researcher try to find out ESP material for teaching medical

students. Researcher use qualitative and quantitative method finding out necessities of

students in learning English for their future and their professional needs. And be able to

show that all four languages were required for their academic and professional success.

(Setiawati, 2016)
Undergraduate students in Chinese chemical engineering and technology participated in the

study. A large number of engineering students and volunteers have volunteered to take part

in this study, which is based on a questionnaire regarding their needs in English as a

Foreign Language (ESP). All data was analysed, and the results revealed that students rated

their language skills as medium, that listening and speaking are important skills, that

understanding field-related textbooks, assignments, and lecture notes were more

emphasised, and that students had positive responses to ESP needs. (Wu, 2018)

This research is a report on an intense ESP (English for Specific Purposes) curriculum for

Korean University's College of Economics students. This is intended to help pupils improve their

English comprehension of topic matter that they will be learning in the near future. Before and

after test, one at the start of the semester and the other after the semester is over, are required,

were used to assess if the course helped students improve their English achievement. This

programme benefits relevant pupils, particularly lower-level students, according to the results of

the exam. The English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curriculum, contrary to popular opinion, is

primarily geared at students who desire to learn the fundamentals of English through mediated

courses. Students' motivation and interest in the course are stronger than students who do not

have a specific goal for studying for their major courses because they already have one. As a

result of the higher test scores than before they attended the English for Specific Purposes (ESP)

programme, the study reveals that students who took English for Specific Purposes (ESP) had

higher interest and desire in studying English linked to their major courses. (Shin, 2005)

Many scholars are attempting to compile a list of key collocations for EAP students. These

approaches, however, are missing in positionally variable collocations and do not adequately

account for variance among fields. In this article, the authors attempt to describe the process of

creating a single listing of both. A number of key findings emerge. For starters, cross-
disciplinary collocations are not the same as the collocations that most academics have

previously concentrated on. Students in the arts and humanities have distinct academic word lists

and vocabulary requirements than students in their specialties.(Durrant, 2009)

In last few years, English's position as a global language has grown up, the number of

learners of English has increased rapidly, but in past, many learners learned as a culture or

hobby, but nowadays, the number of learners with a clear purpose of English learning is

increasing. Therefore, English for Specific Purposes has become necessary to meet

individual purposes and needs. In Sugino Fashion College, there are many students in

fashion-related jobs, emphasis on learning practical English with an emphasis on

communication, rather than traditional English with a focus on literature and reading

only. However, what kind of purpose and expectation the students have for learning

English, what kind of activities can make the best use of their purpose, what kind of

activities That question arose as to how different it was from the needs and how effective

the activities used for the student were. In order to answer those research issues, we will

proceed with this paper in the following order. 1. Framework of ESP concept and theory, 2.

Need for needs analysis for syllabus development, 3. Introduction of syllabus developed for

private architecture students, 4. Needs for our student’s Analytical interview results,

modification and practice of the activities mentioned in 5.3, 6. Conclusions and suggestions.

Researcher hope that this paper will help Sugino Fashion College students to improve their

sense of purpose and motivation for learning English. (Chaikul, 2004)

The objectives of this project are to describe an ESP course for specialist English education

at the Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Technology of the Universidad

Mayor de San Andres in La Paz, Bolivia. It dispelled a slew of myths about ESP and, in

particular, EST. This Guided Exercise begins with students filling out a questionnaire to
determine the importance of English language learning for them. As a result, they were able

to read at an intermediate level in English and effectively articles, books, and instructions in

the subject. The information is organised into six chapters that detail the entire course

design process. The pupils' English levels ranged from beginning to intermediate, as did

their topic expertise.A topical/based curriculum was created based on a requirements

analysis of the students, taking into account the abilities required to meet the course's

specific objectives. The class was evaluated before the start of the term, with students

taking a pre-test to measure their language skills in relation to the objectives. The student's

progress was then measured using two mid-term assessments. When in contrast to the pre-

test to the three progress tests, the students’ grades 56.375 percent in the pre-test and 68

percent in the progress-test, demonstrating a significant improvement in their technical

English proficiency and achieving the stated goals. This project identifies some of the

course's flaws and proposes the addition of twice ESP syllabus in the final semesters.

(Chambi Paco, 2017)

In this study, the researcher suggests developing a combined English for Medical Purposes

(EMP) curriculum utilising a competency-based approach. He discovers the study's goals:

to explore medical English demands of medical students, to build a Competency-based

EMP course module for blended learning for medical students, and to assess student

reactions to the course module. Materials and Method: This was a descriptive and

experimental study. ln addition to typical classroom learning taking place in person, the

course was taught utilising the Drupal Platform and Web 2.0 tools. 45 significant students

were interviewed, and a survey was administered of 140 medical students were used to

assess EMP needs.Content analysis was used to examine the qualitative data from the

interview, while using descriptive statistics to analyse the quantitative data from the
questionnaire survey (standard deviation, percentage, and mean). The before and after test

scores were analysed for course evaluation by comparing the mean scores of the pre-test

and post-test using the t-test. Findings: Experts verified the Course Module for Blended

Learning, which was then trialled with a sample of learners who shared the same similar

traits to those of the primary study's subjects. The outcomes of test = -15.09 suggested that

the study participants had significantly higher scores in their post-test than in their pre-test

(p & l t; .05). The standard departure from all requirements (SD 1) demonstrates the

student's consistency responses to the survey did not differ significantly in terms of their

points of view. Conclusion: A blended-learning competency-based English course module

can meet the needs of medical students as it relates to the EMP course, which has been

designed with the material centred around the skills required for their studies. (Aani, 2015)

Experts in the educational sphere regard an ESP as an excellent programme for learning

English at the university level. The success of the (ESP) programme is determined by the

need analysis. The researcher's goal in this study is to find out what students want in a

speaking class in the Islamic Studies Faculty at the Indonesia's University of

Muhammadiyah Malang. This study examines students' mastery of 11 English speaking

abilities and the importance of mastering those skills. In this study, a quantitative study with

a distribution of questionnaires was carried out.The results show that the respondents lacked

skills required in a formal environment, but that they were more adept with skills utilised on

a daily basis. the pressing need to acquire new abilities, particularly "the not specified

talent",' was also found, with 67 percent to 83 percent of respondents wanting to be

competent in the abilities right now. To put it another way, the kids needed ESP and GE for

a short-term aim. As a result of this study's findings, teachers in ESP courses are expected

to integrate greater speaking abilities in an official environment in English for Academic

Purposes (EAP) mixed with some General English (GE). A model of ESP speaking course

design was used to offer light on the courseis constructed. (farah, 2019)

With the overall trend toward globalisation and the growth of worldwide medical

advancement and healthcare specialty in recent years, English language proficiency has

become a need for successful communication. ESP course design should, therefore, begin

by determining the goal situation and the corresponding demands of target learners.

Building a language course around these elements would result in greater practical language

abilities, allowing student nurses to perform more effectively in real-world circumstances in

the future. In this study, a target situational requirements analysis was undertaken prior to

the creation of an ESP programme for nursing college students using a triangle strategy to

acquire reliable information from various sources and methodologies (Long, 2005). by

looking over nursing students". (Kim, 2008)

This study looked at the tools for studying maritime English required by students in the

nautical department of the Indonesian Maritime Academy, based on the STCW'2010

syllabus. Seafarers, port officials, shipping industry professionals, English instructors, and

Maritime Academy cadets were among those who took part in the study. There were

roughly 48 people in all. They were chosen using a technique known as purposeful random

sampling. Questionnaire, documentation sheet, and interview were the three types of data

collection instruments used. The study's findings revealed that 1) there were three major

categories of Maritime English learning materials, namely a) nautical topics, b) language

skills, and c) linguistic aspects, and 2) the amount of requirement for those materials varied

between sections and within sections. (Dirgeyasa, 2018)

This study looks into the satisfaction levels of military cadets with existing English

programmes, their opinions on the necessity for general English programmes, English for
special (ESP), and occupational (EOP) objectives, and their projected usage of English

skills for specific duties following commissioning. An evaluation of needs was conducted

completed by 903 cadets, and 43 cadets participated in focus group interviews. The findings

of the ANOVA analysis revealed that younger cadets were more satisfied with existing

English programmes and agreed that ESP or EOP programmes were necessary. At a

statistically significant level, cadets in language majors expressed greater satisfaction with

the existing English curriculum. After the commission, English proficiency in both writing

and speaking would be essential, according to the high group in self-rated English

abilities. The cadets were dissatisfied with levelling and inflexible teaching approaches in

courses, according to the focus group interviews. Change efforts are needed, particularly in

the areas of suitable levelling, faculty development, and extracurricular English activities.

Additionally, offering ESP or EOP courses for cadets who want additional content-specific

study in their majors should be explored. (sung ki-wan, 2016)

A needs assessment was carried out to be able to provide a basic Chinese course for

healthcare professionals. The dialogue requires of the Chinese immigrants have become

the biggest group of recent immigrants to the United States, and as a result, the number of

people with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) who speak Chinese has grown in a variety

of healthcare settings. A Chinese training for English-speaking medical professionals is

therefore required to enhance their capacity to deliver quality treatment and heighten their

multicultural knowledge of the intended clientele. The study contains a thorough

examination of the proposed course's demands. A number of sources and approaches were

used to collect data, which was then analysed to identify the course's topics and

objectives. It is suggested that future research proceed in the following lines to aid

healthcare professionals' use of Chinese to communicate effectively with their Chinese-

speaking LEP patients, as well as ways the findings might guide syllabus design and

pedagogical improvement. (Lai, 2019)

The necessity of offering English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses to Taiwanese nursing

professionals has increased in recent years. This study's goals are to better understand

nurses' English needs and concerns in clinical nursing practise and to assess nurses'

perceptions of ESP courses that have been made available to them, with a particular

emphasis on whether those courses accurately reflect the nurses' actual English demands

and challenges. This study uses a qualitative strategy, drawing on data from two groups of

participants: nine nurses who participated in interviews and ten the nurses that were seen at

work. These nurses were all employed at a prestigious Taiwanese hospital with an

international care centre. The results showed that the participants needed strong English

communication skills in order to establish trusted nurse-patient relationships and deliver

high-quality nursing care. They did, however, struggle with English vocabulary,

pronunciation, and accent, and they developed negative coping strategies to deal with these

concerns. ESP classes were deemed unsuccessful by the nurses, despite the fact that they

were beneficial, because the content did not meet their linguistic needs or difficulties.(Lu,

2018)

There are an increasing number of educational connections between Japanese and

international pharmacy institutions. foreign academic staff go to Japan to deliver lectures to

students, and pharmacy students Japan travel to other countries to watch professors and

attend lectures. The language franca in most circumstances is English. Most Japanese

pharmacy students, on the other hand, struggle to communicate in English in professional

contexts or comprehend English presentations and lectures, necessitating the evolution of

specialised (ESP) language learning tools. The researcher tries to explain how content-
based English language education was combined with blended English language teaching

practises in a pharmacy course in Japan, including the use of an effective Using the

computer-assisted language learning (CALL) approach, Japanese pharmacy students can

communicate in English more effectively. (Pallos, 2010)

The process of choosing, modifying, and assessing instructional materials in accordance

with predefined criteria is known as "teaching material design”. It is necessary to conduct a

requirements analysis before developing materials for teaching English for Specific

Purposes. The development of ESP programmes that can aid students in becoming ready for

future careers as professionals in the workplace has to be given a lot of attention. The

investigation of the 36 STIKes Prima Jambi midwifery students' learning requirements and

the creation of ESP materials for midwives are the two main objectives of the project. The

examination of learners' particular needs is the most important consideration when building

an ESP course. Other topics covered include setting reasonable goals and objectives,

integrating grammatical functions with addition abilities, and assessing and evaluating

students. However different ESP contexts have different viewpoints on these issues, it is

believed that the proposed framework for ESP course development will benefit teachers

who are having trouble designing ESP courses. (Silvia, 2016)

English is a language that is utilised in a variety of professions. It allows English to be

taught in a variety of ways. As a result, university students' English should be taught in the

context of what they require from English. With the premise that students had studied

English for in excess of six years prior to enrolling in college, if they learnt English in

connection to the faculty, it would be more useful and meaningful to them,in they are.

According to Ibbotson (2010), ESP is an alternative for students. "It (ESP) is aimed to

increase engineers' communication skills and specialty language knowledge, empowering

them to operate confidently and successfully”. ESP aids learning in students everything they

need to know about English. As a result, students will be able to two new items: English

comes first, then new engineering knowledge. The goal of ESP is to create anEnglish and

knowledge specialisation are related. For this reason, research is done to determine what

children require from English, with the results serving as the foundation for developing an

ESP curriculum. The information was gathered through interviews with first-year

engineering students at Kahuripan University in Kediri. The information was analysed

qualitatively. The findings show that the majority of Students should study English that will

help them at work (ESP), while others believe in order to fill in the blanks, kids must

acquire general English, and still others wish to combine normal English learning with ESP

studies. According to the study's findings, students who do not speak English fluently

should learn Basic English before moving on to ESP. On the other hand, students claim that

while they recognise the need of studying English, they want an ESP programme that

matches their level of English proficiency. To summarise, engineering students should

study ESP in order to benefit from it at work. The ESP programme is organised on their

needs, wants, and deficiencies. (Arianto, 2016)

International migration is a phenomenon that refers to a family's or an individual's efforts to

survive and enhance their standard of living (Nagayama, 1995). This condition is become

more prevalent relevant in today's Indonesia (Hugo, 1995; Spaan, 1994; Adi, 1995).

International migration flows in Indonesia will continue to rise in the future due to a lack of

job opportunities, a rising average education level in Indonesia, the expansion of mass

media, easy and inexpensive access to overseas countries, and developments in national and

global transportation systems.This research focuses on (ESP), which aims to improve the

quality of Indonesian housekeepers, mainly women, who work in other countries, primarily
Malaysia. We employ an ESP approach rather than a product, which means we don't teach a

certain form of a language, but it may be called upon in a specific occasion. It is intended

that the learners will most likely encounter each other in the target setting (1986:

Hutchinson and Waters). For scientists, ESP is more than just an issue of how both science

and grammar. However, it is linked to competence and performance. It refers to what

people do with language in practise, as well as the variety of skills and knowledge that

enable them to do so.ESP is similar to other language instruction in that it is founded on the

notion of efficient and effective education. The ESP courses give students the ability to use

English for certain fields of study at an advanced level. It also covers syllabus development,

which includes types of legitimate writing in science, grammar, and vocabulary

development, and concepts in ESP teaching and learning, as well as curriculum design,

which includes advanced ESP approaches, methodologies, and strategies. This study looks

at the language skills that Indonesian employees need to work with instructional materials

that fulfil their needs. The knowledge gathered on the demands of Indonesian employees is

limited to female workers who want to work overseas, in this case in Malaysia, and do

things like clean and polish wood floors, wash, iron, buy food and other household

essentials, prepare cuisine, and serve meals. This research is expected to provide useful

information to educators who want to create their own materials; the Indonesian community

in Malaysia; and Indonesian domestic employees that desire to improve their standards so

they may travel about in international culture with more freedom. (Lubis, 2011)

AnESP, this research recommended for a refocus on needs analysis and syllabus design.

The purpose of the study was to identify the language requirements and skills of

International Islamic University Malaysia psychology students. These prerequisites and

skills were converted into a suggested structure and module for university-level psychology
students to construct ESP courses. This study was conducted using ethnographic research.

The required data was collected using three ethnographic approaches (questionnaire,

interview, and observation). Students enrolled in three psychology courses at IIUM served

as the study's subjects. The study discovered the following through analysing data from

questionnaires, class observation, and interviews:

1. For psychology students, knowing English is a critical component of in-classroom and

out-of-classroom contact.

2. The four elements of English (understanding in reading, writing, speaking, and listening)

must be taught interactively to psychology students, with an emphasis on the productive

skills (writing and speaking).

3. Any ESP programme for psychology students should contain certain sub-skills, such as

"ability to skim and scan a text, capacity to explain, ability to articulate intelligibly and

clearly, and so on," because they received better scores for their usefulness.

4. For constructing an ESP course for psychology students, using psychology as a subject,

as well as a few further subject areas, is required.

5. Role-playing, report writing, listening and completing an outline, among other activities,

received lower marks, demonstrating that they reflect the students' learning "deficient," and

hence must be included in any ESP course for psychology students. Conversely,

communicative and interactive activities were prioritised over other tasks, necessitating

more attention in course layout. The findings were incorporated into a recommended

structure and module for university-level psychology students designing ESP courses.

(Mohamed, 1999)
In order to inform ESP professionals about current ESP theory and practise in a non-English

speaking country like China, this article provides an overview of the development of

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching and research in China with a focus on aviation

English curriculum development in the Chinese context. From the standpoint of ESP

curriculum creation, the goal of this note is to investigate a suitable strategy to teaching

aviation English in the Chinese setting. This note focuses on a comparison of English and

Chinese aviation language in order to suggest a possible strategy to ESP education that is

more appropriate for the Chinese setting. The student response to the teaching of aviation

linguistics as a necessary component of an aviation English course is now at an

experimental level, and this is positive. It is envisaged that the formation of this course and

its instructional strategies would advance ESP instruction in China. (Aiguo, 2007)

The development of a medical students' English course nearing their youthful clerkship, the

initial phase of their clinical training, is described in this work. The authors looked at the

demands on the mind imposed on students as they engaged in forming diagnostic

suppositions alongside experienced clinicians using transcripts of video and audio records

from six 1-hour sessions of ward teaching. They then determined which language abilities

pupils required in order to meet distinct cognitive education goals. These comprised the

ability to convert information from doctor–patient to doctor–doctor discourse using

acceptable every day and technical terminology, correctly using verb tenses to establish

chronology in case reports, and accurately defining location and process in reporting

physical examinations.Video sequences were utilised in conjunction with carefully prepared

teaching exercises in the course that was produced, first to enhance awareness of students of

some of the cognitive and linguistic elements of the discourse, and then to improve students'
performance via practise. The research shows how actual student performance data may be

used to develop a syllabus that is laser-concentrate on the needs of children. (Shi, 2001)

ESP courses are often intended to serve a variety of stakeholders with varying learning

objectives, with the purpose of teaching students how to utilise English in a given subject or

setting. In actuality, however, these courses are frequently criticised for not completely

accomplishing their aims due to participants' unhappiness with their abilities. In order to do

so, the current research looked into the demands and perspectives of graduates and students

in architecture, together with the success of their ESP training. A total of 48 students and 72

graduates completed an evaluation tool created by the researcher. The participants' most

important talent was reading comprehension, followed by writing, speaking, and listening,

according to the data. The participants' Unhappiness with the textbooks, relevant themes,

and course duration was also documented, showing that the courses fell short of

expectations their needs. According to the findings of this study, it appears that present

programmes need to be revised in order to provide Iranian universities should offer more

efficient ESP programmes for architecture students. (Aliakbari, 2014)

The productivity of usefulness of textbooks are determined by researchers based on

declared aims, standards, or criteria. This research attempted to assess the ESP medical

textbook, which is used in various Iranian institutions. Two questionnaires made by the

researcher and one interview technique were utilised to gather the relevant data. Iranian

medical teachers as well as students completed a 28-item survey to describe their feelings

about the material, activities, and topics in their ESP textbook. Furthermore, some

individuals of both groups participated in an interview to learn more about the study. They

were made up of both males and females. The findings indicated that the ESP medical

textbook's content and subjects are centred on the demands of the students and teachers.
This study's findings have a variety of consequences for medical educators, students, as well

as curriculum creators. (Salehi, 2015)

The goal of this research is to provide a suitable English syllabus for Bina Darma

University's computer science students. the use of Target Situation Analysis (TSA),

Deficiency Analysis (DA), and Strategy Analysis, this research examines the requirements

of pupils (SA). This study employs a descriptive analytic methodology. In this study, 61

students in the second semester of Bina Drama Palembang are a computer science major, as

well as one instructor and the institute's director, were engaged. Questionnaires,

observations and interviews, and document reviews were used to gather data. The results

reveal that speaking and writing skills the most significant. The two basic language abilities

have a crucial influence in the construction of the English syllabus. Furthermore, pupils

require a learning strategy that emphasises practise over theory. To make classroom

activities more entertaining, the learning process must be connected with technology.

Finally, this research suggests a curriculum that should be used in the institution. (Septiana,

2020)

This research looked at the English language requirements of Ethiopian textile companies in

order to better prepare students for careers engineering textile, which is now one of the most

popular subjects at the college level. The information was gathered from six cotton firms

that were chosen at random. Further information was gathered through 156 questionnaires

and interviews with eight general managers, human resource managers, and department

heads about the work done in English and the English language demands of the textile

industry. The findings reveal that many activities in textile organisations are conducted in

English; thus, speaking, reading, and writing skills are required for textile professionals to
function well in their workplaces. As a result, carefully designed ESP courses could help

textile workers enhance language skills based on their needs. (Belachew, 2020)

English has become one of the most commonly spoken languages on the planet. It is

extremely important in all aspects of education, business, and everyday relationships.

Because of English's worldwide prominence, it should be taught in a way that reflects how

it is used in everyday life. Many methods for teaching English have been used, but

communicative language instruction is one of the most recent (CLT). It is one of the most

effective ways for conversational English instruction. CLT is used in EFL/ESL as well as

ESP classes. In Pakistan, GTM (grammar translation method) is still used, but CLT is not

used since previous methodologies are easier to apply in the classroom. The purpose of this

research is to identify critical requirements and gaps in the teaching of ESP in an

engineering context at Pakistani colleges. The goal of this paper is to assess CLT's demands

in an engineering scenario. To gather the findings, a mixed questionnaire with multiple

option questions is used as a gathering data instrument. The students are asking 12

questions to find out how they feel about CLT instruction. The study has only included

students as participants. A total of 130 students from Quest University Nawabshah were

chosen from various departments to test students' views and attitudes concerning CLT.

(Mastoi, 2019)

In this case study investigates the influence of the Curriculum for English for Specific

Purposes (ESP) on Chinese graduate’s career experiences. It also explores whether ESP

programmes are more effective in the workplace as opposed to custom English classes, as

well as how the ESP curriculum may be changed to match the demands of current labour

markets. The data was acquired through online conversations with five people who majored

in Chinese colleges with degrees in English. Each and every participant had spent at least a
year working Among nations that speak English. The results imply that Design of the ESP

curriculum, co-ops or internships for related courses, the working environment, and

instructors' individual needs area competence all have a substantial and favourable impact

on employment engagement. Furthermore, the findings of the study imply that Universities

in China should be redesigned or enhance their ESP syllabus to better prepare their learners

for future work demands. (Lin, 2018)

Over the past several years, a lot of study has been done on the subject of teaching English

for medical purposes. The English communication skills is necessary for a career in

medicine, just as Greek and Latin were in the past. This is especially true today, when

medical professionals' discourse is becoming more and more open and Russian healthcare

professionals are expected to discuss and research a variety of medical issues abroad.

Additionally, instances of medical professionals working together internationally have

become an essential component of a successful career in the field of medicine. (NN

saydullayevna, 2020)
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In contrast to research methodology. All techniques and procedures utilised in the

conduct of research are referred to as research methodologies. It alludes to the procedures

that researchers employ when conducting their investigations. It may be divided into three

categories.

 techniques involving data collecting.

 establishing a link between variables using statistical methods.

 techniques for assessing the correctness of the findings.

A research problem can be methodically solved using research technique. It is a field of

science that investigates how scientific investigation is carried out. Basically, it describes

how researchers approach their task of analysing, characterising, and predicting phenomena.

It aims to offer a research work schedule. It offers instruction in selecting approaches,

materials, and scientific devices that are pertinent to the problem's resolution.

Simply said, research methodology is particle ‘how’ of any given piece of research. To

ensure accurate and trustworthy results that address the research purpose and objectives,

researchers methodically plan studies. A strong research technique produces conclusions

that are supported by science, whereas a weak methodology does not. research design which

is followed in this research is qualitative.The following major findings about research

methodology are included: (a) Judges were frequently used to judge creativity, and

correlational techniques were most frequently used to analyse quantitative data; (b) case

study was the most frequently used qualitative methodology; and (d) the majority of mixed-

methods studies were grounded in quantitative met.Research that concentrates on gathering

and analysing words (spoken or written) and textual data is known as qualitative research.In
which questioner are prepared to check level of English language skills of medical

professionalsMohiUd Din Medical college Mirpur AJK.

RESEARCH DESIGN

What research design is?

By taking into account research approaches, we may comprehend what is meant by the

term "research" to be a collection of data that contains essential information. To put it

another way, it is a collection of information or data that has been examined using a

hypothesis and has subsequently produced significant findings in a structured manner. On

both, research may be done a scientific and academic basis. Let's start by defining what a

study design is in reality. A researcher's voyage into the unknown is made easier by the

study design, which supports them with a methodical approach. Similar to how an engineer

or architect chooses a design from a variety of ways to determine which sort of study will

be conducted, researchers do the same.

The following are the components of a study design that are most crucial:

 The technique used to analyse the information gathered

 research methodology type

 True statement of the objectives

 Potential barriers to research

 Timeline for the methods to be used in gathering and assessing research

 calculation of analysis

 Environments for the study

Principal Research Design Types.

The research methodology is separated into two groups, namely Designing both

quantitative and qualitative research, taking its dynamics into account. Furthermore, the
validity, generalizability, impartiality, and dependability are the four basic aspects of study

design. Additionally, a researcher has to know precisely how their research will fit within

the research approach. Let's investigate the definitions of quantitative and qualitative

research designs:

 Design of Quantitative Research

In a study using a researcher investigates using a quantitative research approach.

multiple elements while using numbers and statistics to assess the results. The primary

method of gathering data for meta-analysis and measurement is through the use of visuals,

statistics and pie charts (it is information about the data by the data).

 Design of Qualitative Research

This kind of study runs directly counter to the methodology of quantitative analysis. It

always seeks explanations to the "What's" and "How's" are descriptive in nature. It largely

emphasis on the respondent's response to the question of why a certain theory exists. As a

result, a researcher can draw a judgement based on reliable information. In order to

comprehend varied social difficulties, case studies are primarily employed in qualitative

research design.These are difference between quantitative and qualitative research design

 Flexible vs. Fixed Research Designs

It is also possible to make a comparison between fixed and flexible study design.

Quantitative (fixed design) and qualitative (flexible design) research design categories for

data collecting are commonly linked. With a predetermined study design, the research

design is already known and understood before any data collection is done. Conversely,

flexible designs offer more latitude in data collecting. For instance, you might not offer

predetermined answer options, forcing respondents to enter their own answers.

 The study's framework methodologies and techniques a researcher chooses is referred to

as the research design. The framework makes it possible for researchers to concentrate on

applying field-appropriate research methods and to successfully set up their investigations.

The study type (experimental, survey, correlational, semi-experimental, or review) and

subtype (review) of a research topic are determined by its design (experimental design,

research problem, descriptive case-study).

The three most common research design types are as follows:

Data collection, measurement, and analysis. This thesis-related study is comparative in

nature. There are four chapters in this research. The first chapter contains introduction, the

problem statement, objectives, significance of the study and research questions. The study's

theoretical framework is presented in Chapter 2. The study's approach, including the

contributors, tools, processes, statistical analysis, and interview technique, samples, data

collection, is presented in Chapter 3. Chapter four discusses the study's findings and

concludes with an overview of the conclusions, suggestions, and suggestions for more

study.

POPULATION

Who Are the Population?

A population is a unique group of individuals, whether that group is made up of a nation

or a population that has a certain characteristic in common. In statistics, a population is the

group of individuals from whom a statistical sample is drawn. Therefore, a population is

any collection of people who have anything in common.

A sample is a statistically meaningful portion of the population as opposed to the entire

population. For this reason, it is required to reveal the standard deviation or standard error
of a statistical research using a sample of the entire population.Zero standard deviation

would only be possible in a population-wide study.

A large group of persons or objects that are the focus of a scientific investigation is

sometimes referred to as a study population. The goal of research is to help the broader

public. However, due to the enormous population, it is occasionally impractical and costly

for researchers to study each individual in the community.Because of this, researchers

employ sampling techniques. Two organisations within the medical community, doctors

and medical students, provided the data. Eight questionnaires were prepared for this

purpose. A questionnaire was utilised to collect information from physicians and medical

students. This research is being conducted in MohiUd Din medical college Mirpur AJK.

Major population for collection of data are medical officers of this hospital and also the

students of MBBS who has clinical classes in hospital.

SAMPLE

Why is sampling crucial for scientists?

Resources are limited, as anyone who has ever worked on a research project is

aware.; there is never an endless amount of time, money, or people. Because of this, the

majority of research studies focus on gathering information from a sampling of people

instead of the entire population (the census being one of the few exceptions). This is done

so that scientists may use sampling to:

 Time management

To reach every person in a population, it takes time. Additionally, some people will

always not reply to the initial attempt at contacting them, requiring additional time from

researchers for follow-up. A non-random sample is nearly always obtained more quickly

than random sampling, while random sampling is substantially slower than surveying the

entire population. Therefore, researchers can save a tonne of time by sampling.

 Save money

The price of the study is closely correlated with how many persons a researcher

contact. Sampling helps researchers save money by enabling them to get the same results

from a sample as they would from the population.

 Get More Detailed Information

Oftentimes, the objective of research is to gather a little amount of data from a huge

number of individuals (e.g., an opinion poll). Sometimes the objective is to gather a lot of

data from a small group of people (e.g., a user study or ethnographic interview). Regardless,
sampling enables researchers to interview subjects in further depth and collect richer data

than does interviewing all of the people.

 The Benefit of Knowing Where to Sample

Effective sampling offers several benefits to researchers. Just as important as

understanding how to sample is knowing where to sample.

There are certain study volunteers who are more appropriate for a project's goals

than there are others. Finding volunteers who are suitable for a project's objectives is crucial

since doing so helps researchers to get high-quality data.

Following type of questioner were prepared and filled for medical students and

medical officers ofMohiUd Din Islamic medical college.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Random samplingis collected from medical professional working in Mohiud din

teaching hospital and students of MBBS of affiliated college.Every question is close ended

with optioned ofYES or NO to answer. Only in last of all these questions one question is

remain as open ended to give their suggestion for improving their English language

abilities.

Questioners are prepared which are filled from medical officers and medical students of

MohiUd Din medical college. Ten questioners are filled from students and ten are filled

from medical officers. The study's target population included two groups: current MBBS

students and medical officers at MohiUd Din Medical College. A simple mixed methods

sampling approach was used to choose samples, which "involves talking to a random

sample of a small number of students from a considerably larger target group." The

following are the students and medical officials that were chosen from the study population.

All students and medical officers used the same curriculum materials, and all medical

officers graduated from the same institutions and had access to the same resources and

facilities. The goal of the study and the research questions guided the selection of this

medical college. Because the goal was to look at the linguistic needs of health professionals

and see if EMP was required for English-speaking medical practitioners.

 CHAPTER 4
DATA COLLECTION

What is data gathering?

Data collection is the process of obtaining exact insights for study, quantifying

them, and analysing them utilising recognised, established techniques. Using the

information, they have obtained, a researcher can evaluate their hypothesis. No of the topic

under investigation, acquiring data is usually the first and most important step in the

research process. Different study disciplines require diverse techniques to data collection

depending on the type of data requested.

The primary objective of data collection is to ensure that reliable and accurate data

are collected for statistical analysis so that research choices may be supported by data.

Why Is Data Gathering Necessary?

The most pertinent information must be available before a judge rule in a court case

or a general formulates a strategy. Making judgments based on facts and data results in the

best courses of action.

As we'll discover later, the idea of data collecting is nothing new, but times have

changed. Today, there is a lot more data available in formats those weren't even imaginable

a century ago. The technique of gathering data has had to evolve and develop to stay up

with modern technology.You need data collecting to aid in your decision-making, whether

you're in the academic world attempting to conduct research or be a business world

considering how to market a new product.

What Are the Different Techniques for Gathering Data?

Although the term "data gathering" may sound really modern and computerised, this

doesn't mean that big data, the internet, and computers are always involved. Data gathering
might be anything from a telephone survey to a mail-in remark card or even just a bystander

being questioned by a man with a clipboard. But let's try to group the various data collecting

techniques into something like coherent categories.There are two ways of gathering data.As

a side note, many terminologies are interchangeable and rely on who uses them, including

approaches, methods, and types. For example, one source could refer to data collecting

procedures as "methods." Regardless of the names we use, the fundamental ideas and

breakdowns remain the same whether we're discussing a scientific study effort or marketing

analysis.

They are as follows:

 Primary

These are actual, first-hand data that researchers have collected, as the name

suggests. Prior to conducting any additional or connected study, this procedure is the first

stage in acquiring information. Results from primary data are quite accurate as long as the

researcher gathers the data. However, there is a drawback because in-person research may

be costly and time-consuming.

 Interviews

A sizable sample of people are surveyed by the researcher, either through in-person

interviews or other forms of mass contact like call or mail. This approach without a doubt,

most typical way to collect data.

 Projective Method

When prospective respondents are aware of the purpose of the interview and are

reluctant to reply, projective data collection is performed. For instance, if a representative

from a mobile phone company asks them, a person could be hesitant to answer inquiries
concerning their phone service. Projective data collection requires respondents to finish an

incomplete question with their thoughts, feelings, and attitudes.

 Delphi Method

Greek mythology describes the Oracle at Delphi as the chief priestess of the temple

of Apollo who offered counsel, prophesies, and wisdom. Researchers utilise the Delphi

method to acquire data by asking a group of experts for their opinions. Each expert

responds to inquiries in their area of expertise, and the responses are combined to form a

single view.

 The focus groups

Focus groups are employed often, much like interviews. A moderator gathers the

group, which might number between six and twelve persons, to debate the topic.

 Secondary

Information that has already undergone statistical analysis and was gathered from

secondary sources is referred to as secondary data. Either the researcher has done study on

this information or the researcher has asked others to acquire it for them. Simply said, it's

second-hand knowledge.

Despite being secondary data is more accessible and less expensive than primary

information, its legitimacy and veracity are questioned. The majority of secondary data is

composed of numerical information.

The researcher investigates a number of information sources, such as:

 Customer personal information,

 accounting statements,

 sales statistics, and retailer, distributor, or deal recommendations (e.g., name,

address, age, contact info)

  Business journals and official documents (e.g., census, tax records, Social Security

info)

 Online business and trade magazines

Through following questions with graph which show values participants feedback

about research questioners. Which show my main focus of study to get answer of it. It is as

following blue colour represent doctor and brown colour shows values of students of MBBS

of MohiUd Din medical college Mirpur AJK.

1) Have you ever felt English language difficulty in your professional life?

Chart Title
8
6
4
2
0
YES NO

DOCTORS STUDENTS

As in this question I ask about level of English language in their professional career
many of the participants as they have much difficulty in it. This show that they need a
specific course to improve their English language ability in their professional career.

2) When you are student at medical college did you feel any difficulty in English.

Chart Title
8

0
YES NO

DOCTORS STUDENTS

Although many of the participants answer “no” about their English language need when
they are student at medical college but when I asked about to write a prescription in fully
English and motivate or advice patient in English language many of them say they need to
go through English course to have enough vocabulary words to speak. This means as they
are showing they are not felling any difficulty only for academic level.
3) Do you think English language skills are required for medical professional?

Chart Title
5
4
3
2
1
0
YES NO

DOCTORS STUDENTS

In this question as previous one student who did not have yet field experience did not

suggest that there is any need of English language course for medical profession, because

they read all MBBS syllabus which is written in English, but at same time physicians who

are working in professional filed agree and answer positively about English language skills

are required in field work.

4) Is there any need of English language skills required during MBBS student?

Chart Title
5
4
3
2
1
0
YES NO

DOCTORS STUDNETS

During the student of medical profession a person who is in practically working in this
field suggest there should me English language course because when they became
professional they have not time to learn English as a subject, so they suggest it should be
added in MBBS course to fulfill their practical working requirements about English
language because every program of medical profession is conducted in English language
and if any one cannot confidently speak English that is embracing moment for him.
5) Do you recommend English should be part of MBBS syllabus?

Chart Title
5
4
3
2
1
0
YES NO

DOCOTRS STUDNETS

Again, physician suggest it shout be part of their course but student disagree because of
already huge MBBS syllabus which they have to complete in one calendar year, and if there
is an addition of English as a subject there is one more course which they have to study.

6) Where you do put your English language skills after MBBS degree?

Chart Title
5
4
3
2
1
0
Fair Advance

DOCOTRS STUDENTS

When English language is especially concern for medical professionals most of the
student put their level of English language skill in advance but physicians say fair. The
reason behind is study are not in professional life yet they just study given syllabus and read
and write through English but that is only concern for their academic level. They did not
have experience of practical professional life. At same time physicians did not level their
English language ability in advance level because they are lacking in many ways
(vocabulary, grammar).
7) Do you think your English is good when you are student of MBBS?

Chart Title
5
4
3
2
1
0
YES NO

DOCOTRS STUDENTS

Here most of students says that their English is not good when they come in medical
college. Its mean after studying MBBS syllabus it boosts their English language but that is
only for academic level. When same question put in front of physician who are working in
field. They disagree because and said that by only reading MBBS syllabus in English
cannot improve their level of English because when they go for any test which is especially
conducted for English purpose, they cannot get good score. So, they mush go through an
English language course to compete in those tests.
DATA ANALYSIS / FINDINGS

The major reason and incentive for learning English language, for medical professional

who are working in MohiUd Din medical college.According to the participants' comments,

was utilitarian benefit. Their comments indicatethat they understand the value of English in

their profession. As a result, the vast majority of respondents (almost 70%) stated that they

desire to study English in order to meet their professional linguistics requirements as

medical representatives. Medical personnel typically utilize English for everyday

professional communication, communication with patient because it is Pakistan's official

language and all medical seminar and presentations are conducted in English. As a result,

medical representatives' English skills are becoming increasingly important for their

profession. According to the data, all respondents believe that medical representatives

should master each of the four languages (learning, speaking, reading and writing). Medical

representatives must also acquire many other areas of language (vocabulary, grammar,

syntax, comprehension, pronunciation, and so on) in order to participate in their vocational

contexts because their course although in English but that did not improve their vocabulary,

grammar especially when English is concern. Speaking and writing abilities were ranked as

more significant by all respondents than listening and reading skills, because speaking with

patient speaking with colleagues and speaking in any academic event noted. Same case with

writing skill.Medical representatives, on the other hand, value listening and reading abilities

since they employ them frequently in their professional life when they are planning to move

abroad and practice there.

 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION / RECOMMENDATION

The study's conclusion was based on findings obtained from information supplied by

doctors and medical students. The major objective of the study was to identify the language

needs of medical students and practitioners. For a number of medical reasons, they had to

learn English. They had to deal with a range of obligations in their academic setting,

including understanding lectures and reading books, journals, and periodicals. Similarly, in

professional settings, doctors have varied demands in order to properly do their

responsibilities, such as attending seminars, communicating with natives, and reading

medical books. In the international medical community, English has been designated as the

lingua franca.A considerable number of physicians and students from Pakistan travel to

pursue a career and higher education overseas opportunities, mush have to meet specific

English language skills level to pursue it. So that is why most of the participants agree

which course that fulfil requirement so, they did not any need to attend any additional

course after completing their degree.Where English is the primary language of

communication, necessitating the use of an EMP in this context. Although English is taught

to medical students in Pakistani medical institutes as a non-credit course throughout their

academic careers is in English but that is only for academic purpose until to go through

exam. They have not received adequate training in order to establish excellent

communication abilities in all four skills of language (speaking, listening, reading and

writing). However, it is critical to teach doctors effective English proficiency abilities

because they confront numerous challenges in their academic and professional lives as a

result of their weak language skills.

RECOMMENDATION
What role does recommendation have in research?

The most crucial element of the analysis process, recommendations are where you

provide specific treatments or solutions to deal with the problems and limitations found in

the assessment. Recommendations should immediately address the most important

conclusions drawn from the gathering and analysis of data.

How significant is a recommendation?

One of the main sources of information regarding candidates is the advice of grownups.

All student writing is skewed, but adult judgments are more trustworthy. Teachers and

counsellors are in a good position to assist a candidate since they can make comparisons

between the candidate and their peers.

What conclusions may be drawn from the research?

Recommendations are used to demand action or provide fixes for the issues your

research report has examined. Your suggestions emphasise certain remedies and actions that

should be taken in light of your study's findings.

Why are recommendations necessary in research?

The most crucial element of the analysis process, recommendations are where you

provide specific suggestions for treatments or solutions to deal with the problems and

limitations found throughout the assessment. Recommendations should immediately

address the most important conclusions drawn from data gathering and analysis.

Medical students must grow and enhance their English language abilities, grammar, and

vocabulary in light of the findings. As a result, to satisfy the needs of medical students,

should modify and adapt an English course with their MBBS course to meet their

professional requirements. There should me medical textbooks that address the

requirements of learners as determined by participants who are physicians and student of

medical of MohiUd din medical college Mirpur AJK.The time component should receive

more attention because the time allowed to offered courses is insufficient to let pupils utilise

the language effectively. Because many of student are not agree about an additional course

part of their MBBS syllabus because they already have not much time to cover their

required syllabus and if there is an English as subject taught that become more headache for

many of students of medical profession. So, it should be basic requirement for course

designer and teacher as well to look at it that either there should be pre-course or post-

course after completing MBBS to be conducted to fulfil their professional needs or

requirements of English language.When creating new or pre-medical courses that support

and sustain medical textbooks, instructors and course designers should take the

implications.Many of participants of this research suggest that another option too which can

improve their English language skills like reading more books, listening English lectures

and watching English moves, speaking with their international colleagues who are working

abroad, but all these suggestions are not sufficient to get them a good English language

speaker or writer. So, course is much better option to get a good command on English

language as a whole.
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